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OBJECTIVES: to describe the development of a Health Information and Communication Technology for the health care of long-haul truck drivers and their families. METHODS: this is a description of the development of an Information and Communication Technology, developed from March to September 2023, following the systematization of the experience in five steps: 1) starting point, 2) initial questions, 3) recovery of the lived process, 4) background reflection, and 5) arrival points. RESULTS: the technology called "Work-Family Balance," electronically available, presents resources for the health care of long-haul truck drivers. It is anchored in studies on the health of long-haul truck drivers, notes from the International Labor Organization, the Strategic Action Plan for Confronting Chronic Diseases and Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil, 2021-2030, and the Declaration by the International Association of Family Nursing. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the theoretical improvement of nursing can potentially improve the health care of long-haul truck drivers, prevent Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and promote work-life balance to achieve the goals of Agenda 2030.

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Durante la última década, presenciamos en Argentina un aumento de la incidencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual(ITS) vinculado con una disminución en el uso de métodos de barrera (MB). De acuerdo a la bibliografía, existen varias categorías de obstáculos para el uso de MB: desigualdades de género, dificultades económicas y/o de accesibilidad, desconfianza respecto de los MB provistos por el Estado respecto de su calidad y/o fecha de vencimiento, o bien, creencias acerca de que la utilización de MB disminuye el placer sexual o que no es necesario su uso cuando la relación de pareja es estable y/o basada en la confianza, el amor y/o la fidelidad. A partir de esta problemática, los autores de este artículo realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica y revisamos cual es la evidencia que respalda diferentes intervenciones para promover el uso de MB. Encontramos evidencia de moderada calidad que avala la eficacia de intervenciones a nivel comunitario basadas en la teoría sociocognitiva y en el aumento de la oferta y la disponibilidad de preservativos para mejorar el conocimiento sobre el HIV y el uso de estos métodos, sin impacto sobre la incidencia de ITS a nivel poblacional. (AU)

Over the last decade, Argentina has shown an increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) linked to a decrease in the use of barrier methods (BM). According to the literature, there are several categories of obstacles for the use of BM: gender inequalities, economic and/or accessibility difficulties, mistrust regarding the quality and/or expiry date of state-provided BMs, as well as beliefs that the use of BMs reduces sexual pleasure or that their use is not necessary when the couple's relationship is stable and/or based on trust, love and/or fidelity. In light of this issue, the authors of this article conducted a literature search and reviewed the evidence supporting different interventions to promote the use of BM. They found moderate quality evidence that supports the efficacy of community-level interventions based on socio-cognitive theory and on increasing the supply and availability of condoms to improve knowledge about HIV and the use of these methods, with no impact on the incidence of STIs at the population level. (AU)

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Resumo Objetivo Testar a efetividade de uma tecnologia educativa sobre excesso ponderal no estágio de prontidão para mudança de comportamento do adulto com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e excesso ponderal. Métodos Estudo quase-experimental, com dois grupos, comparação e intervenção, cada um com 36 participantes, cujo estágio de prontidão para mudança de comportamento foi avaliado antes (momento zero) e depois (momento um) da intervenção (implementação ou não da cartilha), após um mês (momento dois) e dois meses (momento três) do primeiro contato, via telefone. O estágio de prontidão para mudança de comportamento foi comparado antes e depois e entre os grupos pelo teste t de Student para amostra em pares e para grupos independentes, respectivamente. Resultados Os resultados mostraram que a implementação da cartilha favorece pensamentos de mudança mais duradouros, com diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos no momento dois (p = 0,020) e três (p = 0,003) e entre os momentos zero e um (p < 0,0001), momentos zero e dois (p = 0,001), momentos zero e três (p < 0,0001) e momento dois e três (p < 0,0001) no grupo intervenção. Conclusão A cartilha educativa foi, portanto, validada e favoreceu o avanço no estágio de prontidão para mudança de comportamento, mostrando-se efetiva para práticas educativas em saúde. A validação da cartilha permite sua utilização em atividades de educação em saúde de modo confiável no público em questão.

Resumen Objetivo Poner a prueba la efectividad de una tecnología educativa sobre exceso ponderal respecto al nivel de prontitud para cambios de comportamiento de adultos con hipertensión arterial sistémica y exceso ponderal. Métodos Estudio cuasi experimental con dos grupos, uno de comparación y otro experimental, cada uno con 36 participantes, cuyo nivel de prontitud para cambios de comportamiento fue evaluado antes (momento cero) y después (momento uno) de la intervención (implementación o no de la cartilla), después de un mes (momento dos) y dos meses después (momento tres) del primer contacto, por teléfono. El nivel de prontitud para cambios de comportamiento se comparó antes y después para muestreo en pares y entre los grupos para grupos independientes mediante el test-T de Student. Resultados Los resultados demostraron que la implementación de la cartilla favorece pensamientos de cambios de mayor duración, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en el momento dos (p = 0,020) y tres (p = 0,003) y entre los momentos cero y uno (p < 0,0001), momentos cero y dos (p = 0,001), momentos cero y tres (p < 0,0001) y momento dos y tres (p < 0,0001) en el grupo experimental. Conclusión Por lo tanto, la cartilla educativa fue validada y favoreció el avance del nivel de prontitud para cambios de comportamiento, por lo que se mostró efectiva para prácticas educativas en salud. La validación de la cartilla permite que sea utilizada en actividades de educación en salud de forma confiable para el público en cuestión.

Abstract Objective To test the effectiveness of an educational technology on overweight in the stage of readiness for behavior change in adults with hypertension and overweight. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study, with two groups, comparison and intervention, each with 36 participants, whose stage of readiness for behavior change was assessed before (moment zero) and after (moment one) of the intervention (implementation or not) of the booklet after one month (moment two) and two months (moment three) of the first contact via telephone. The stage of readiness for behavior change was compared before and after and between groups by Student's t test for sample in pairs and for independent groups, respectively. Results The results showed that the implementation of the booklet favors more lasting thoughts of change, with statistically significant differences between the groups in moment two (p=0.020) and three (p=0.003) and between moments zero and one (p <0.0001), moments zero and two (p=0.001), moments zero and three (p <0.0001) and moment two and three (p <0.0001) in the group intervention. Conclusion The educational booklet was therefore validated and favored the advance in the stage of readiness for behavior change, proving to be effective for educational health practices. The validation of the booklet allows its use in health education activities reliably in the public in question.

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El presente informe tiene como objetivo describir el proceso de rotación que desarrollado en la Dirección de Medicina Asistencial de la Secretaría de Salud del Municipio de Tigre durante el período entre el 12 de Abril y el 8 de Julio de 2021. Se toma como punto de partida el proyecto presentado y se abordarán los objetivos planteados contemplando las actividades realizadas que contribuyeron al logro de los mismos. (AU)

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Recent revolutionary advances at the intersection of medicine, omics, data sciences, computing, epidemiology, and related technologies inspire us to ponder their impact on health. Their potential impact is particularly germane to the biology of pregnancy and perinatal medicine, where limited improvement in health outcomes for women and children has remained a global challenge. We assembled a group of experts to establish a Pregnancy Think Tank to discuss a broad spectrum of major gestational disorders and adverse pregnancy outcomes that affect maternal-infant lifelong health and should serve as targets for leveraging the many recent advances. This report reflects avenues for future effects that hold great potential in 3 major areas: developmental genomics, including the application of methodologies designed to bridge genotypes, physiology, and diseases, addressing vexing questions in early human development; gestational physiology, from immune tolerance to growth and the timing of parturition; and personalized and population medicine, focusing on amalgamating health record data and deep phenotypes to create broad knowledge that can be integrated into healthcare systems and drive discovery to address pregnancy-related disease and promote general health. We propose a series of questions reflecting development, systems biology, diseases, clinical approaches and tools, and population health, and a call for scientific action. Clearly, transdisciplinary science must advance and accelerate to address adverse pregnancy outcomes. Disciplines not traditionally involved in the reproductive sciences, such as computer science, engineering, mathematics, and pharmacology, should be engaged at the study design phase to optimize the information gathered and to identify and further evaluate potentially actionable therapeutic targets. Information sources should include noninvasive personalized sensors and monitors, alongside instructive "liquid biopsies" for noninvasive pregnancy assessment. Future research should also address the diversity of human cohorts in terms of geography, racial and ethnic distributions, and social and health disparities. Modern technologies, for both data-gathering and data-analyzing, make this possible at a scale that was previously unachievable. Finally, the psychosocial and economic environment in which pregnancy takes place must be considered to promote the health and wellness of communities worldwide.

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BACKGROUND: Public health awareness can help prevent illness and result in earlier intervention when it does occur. For this reason, health promotion and disease awareness campaigns have great potential to alleviate the global burden of disease. Global Public Health Days (GPHD) are frequently implemented with this intent, but research evaluating their effectiveness, especially in the developing world setting, is scant. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the impact of four GPHDs (World Cancer Day, World Diabetes Day, World Mental Health Day, World AIDS Day) on online health information seeking behaviour (OHISB) in five Central and South American (CSA) countries which differ in their stage of economic development and epidemiological transition (Uruguay, Chile, Brazil, Colombia, Nicaragua). METHODS: Google Trends data was used as a 'surrogate' of OHISB. This was measured on the 28 days leading up to the GPHD, on the date of the GPHD, and on the seven days following it. The Joinpoint regression programme was used to perform a time trend analysis on the Google Trends data. This allowed us to identify statistically significant time points of a change in trend, which reflect significant 'changes' to OHISB. RESULTS: GPHDs were inconsistently effective at influencing internet search query activity in the studied countries. In situations where an effect was significant, this impact was consistently short-term, with Relative Search Volume level returning to precampaign levels within 7 days of the GPHD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings imply the need to revise GPHDs or create alternative health awareness campaigns, perhaps with a more long-term approach and tailored to the specific health needs of the CSA population. Developing effective preventive strategies is vital in helping combat the rising threat of NCDs in this region.

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. INTRODUCTION: Against the increasing recognition of the critical importance of a direct participation of community members to assure effective health care in peripheral areas of Middle and Low Income Countries (MLIC), representative field experiences of their essential role are only occasionally available. AIMS AND METHODS: We report a narrative, factual documentation of a spectrum of projects covering the basic and specific health needs of the disperse communities in Ecuador, a model MLIC, and discuss the broader implications of the role and performance of HPs over a long period, 1980-2018, in the project activation, implementation and monitoring. RESULTS: The role of 60 HPs, with the coordination of a small core group of professionals of the Centro de Epidemiologia Comunitaria y Medicina Tropical (CECOMET) is documented through their main achievements which include: infectious diseases and in particular Neglected Tropical Diseases (eradication of onchocerciasis and yaws; virtual elimination of malaria and of strongyloidiasis; identification and control of a new focus of Chagas Disease; control of tuberculosis), mother and child health, reproductive health, hypertension (as model of the emergence of non-transmissible, chronic diseases). The most effective and sustainable strategies and methods are discussed also in terms of their more general transferability, already partially tested in programs in Bolivia, Burkina Faso, undeserved areas of Argentina. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic availability of non-professional, trained HPs should be recommended as a sustainable and reliable component of health care strategies and interventions targeted to marginalized settings, to assure a concrete accessibility to the fundamental human right to life.

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OBJECTIVES: to assess the relation between sociodemographic characteristics of young people associated with the subjectivity of being happy; to evaluate the relationship between the subjectivity of being happy and the perception of health status; to evaluate the relationship between the subjectivity of being happy and the school and family environments and peer groups at school. METHODS: this is an observational study, with an intentional sample of 1,069 young Portuguese people, with ages varying from 14 to 24, most of them women, attending secondary education. The self-filling questionnaire was used. RESULTS: there are statistically significant associations between the subjectivity of being happy and schooling, perception of health status, family APGAR, school and family involvement, absence of problems or teasing by peers at school. CONCLUSIONS: a positive and holistic care coupled with the potential of obtaining and consolidating healthy lifestyles for young people will enable health professionals to perceive them as agents of individual and social change.

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BACKGROUND: Identifying social innovation in health initiatives, promoting quality of life through them, and transforming current health conditions demand the knowledge, comprehension and appropriation of the theoretical and methodological developments of this concept. Academic developments in social innovation have mainly occurred in and been documented for English-speaking countries, although relevant experiences have been implemented in Latin America. In this article, we describe and analyze how social innovation in health is being approached and understood in this region. MAIN TEXT: To identify the theoretical and methodological developments of social innovation in health between 2013 and 2018, a scoping review with a mixed approach was carried out. Eighty texts in English, Spanish and Portuguese were selected for a process of reflexive analysis of intra and intertextual reading. The approaches identified in the studied initiatives were complementary. The most applied approaches were innovation in health, technological innovation in health and social innovation, each with twelve publications, and social innovation in health and ecohealth with ten and seven publications respectively. The approaches showed a general interest in reaching the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Alma Ata Declaration and the Ottawa Letter. CONCLUSIONS: The social innovation in health approach in Latin America adopts educational strategies, identifies risk factors, optimizes resources, promotes interculturality, participation, community empowerment, and enhances intersectorality and interdisciplinarity. As an approach, process, program or solution, social innovation in health is a conceptual category under construction. This research provides a baseline for other systematic reviews on the subject.

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OBJECTIVES: to analyze speeches, representations, and approaches on health and health promotion in schools, materialized in the speech of teachers. METHODS: a qualitative study, of the case study type, carried out with 17 teachers from the municipal and state educational network. The data were obtained from interviews and analyzed by the Content-Oriented Discourse Analysis. RESULTS: medical-sanitary and clinical-biological discourses predominated. Health is represented as the absence of disease, reflecting approaches that prioritize healthy habits and changes in behavior. Problematization of social determinants occurs in projects, in an intersectorial partnership. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: carrying out projects of health promotion in schools ignores the solidification of partnerships and the construction of new speeches that represent it as quality of life conditioned by social, economic, and cultural factors as well as strategies for the ideological repositioning of those actors who act in this setting.

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El presente informe busca dar cuenta del proceso de formación realizado durante la rotación electiva que se llevó a cabo entre el 6 de enero y el 31 de enero del 2020, en Casa Matrioska (CM), un espacio autogestivo de salud sexual integral, en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. En lo que sigue se presenta la sede de rotación, la fundamentación sobre la relevancia de esta elección, los objetivos propuestos y las actividades desarrolladas. Por último, una reflexión sobre los aprendizajes logrados y los aportes efectuados desde la disciplina de base (medicina), y desde el campo de la educación para la salud. (AU)

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INTRODUCCIÓN: La actual Política de Salud Bucal chilena indica que la atención odontológica está orientada a la promoción y prevención, reforzando la atención odontológica en Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Se desconoce cómo esta política se ha materializado en el tiempo, pues, a la fecha, no existen estudios que analicen la tendencia de este tipo de actividades. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la tendencia de las actividades odontológicas, realizadas en adultos y adultos mayores, en APS del Servicio de Salud Valparaíso - San Antonio (SSVSA). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio ecológico de tipo mixto entre los años 2008-2018, en 8 de las 9 comunas del SSVSA. Se analizó la tendencia del porcentaje de actividades promocionales-preventivas (APP) y de exodoncias utilizando las bases de datos "Resúmenes Estadísticos Mensuales-A09" (REM-A09). RESULTADOS: El 24,53% y 11,36% de las actividades realizadas correspondieron a APP y a exodoncias, respectivamente. El grupo de 20-64 años presentó un mayor porcentaje de APP y un menor porcentaje de exodoncias que el grupo de 65 y más años, en cada una de las comunas. Hubo una tendencia al aumento del porcentaje de APP y a la disminución del porcentaje de exodoncia en la mayoría de las comunas estudiadas. DISCUSIÓN: La tendencia de las actividades odontológicas realizadas en APS ha evolucionado a lo largo de los años, con diferencias entre comunas del SSVSA. Para poder determinar cuáles son los motivos que explican los resultados encontrados, se sugiere realizar otros estudios enfocados a la gestión odontológica local de APS. (AU)

BACKGROUND: The current Chilean Oral Health Policy indicates that dental care is aimed at promotion and prevention, thus reinforcing the presence of dental programs in Primary Health Care (PHC) Centers. It is unknown how this policy has materialized over time, since no studies to date have analyzed the trend of dental services carried out in PHC. The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of dental services carried out in adults in PHC of the Valpa-raíso - San Antonio Health Service (VSAHS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mixed ecological study was carried out between 2008 and 2018, in 8 of the 9 municipalities of the VSAHS. The per-centage trends of promotional-preventive services (PPS) and extractions were analyzed, using the databases "Resúmenes Estadísticos Mensuales-A09" (REM-A09). RESULTS: The percentage of dental services dedicated to PPS and extractions were 24.53% and 11.36%, respectively. The group of adults between 20 and 64 years of age presented a higher percentage of PPS and a lower percentage of extractions than the 65 and over group in each municipality. There was also a trend of the percentage of PPS services increasing over time, while the percentage of extractions decreased in most of the municipalities studied. DISCUSSION: The type of den-tal services carried out in PHC has evolved over time, and differences were found between municipalities of the VSAHS. To explain these results, future studies should focus on the local management of dental services in PHC. (AU)

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ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze speeches, representations, and approaches on health and health promotion in schools, materialized in the speech of teachers. Methods: a qualitative study, of the case study type, carried out with 17 teachers from the municipal and state educational network. The data were obtained from interviews and analyzed by the Content-Oriented Discourse Analysis. Results: medical-sanitary and clinical-biological discourses predominated. Health is represented as the absence of disease, reflecting approaches that prioritize healthy habits and changes in behavior. Problematization of social determinants occurs in projects, in an intersectorial partnership. Final Considerations: carrying out projects of health promotion in schools ignores the solidification of partnerships and the construction of new speeches that represent it as quality of life conditioned by social, economic, and cultural factors as well as strategies for the ideological repositioning of those actors who act in this setting.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar los discursos, representaciones y enfoques sobre salud y promoción de la salud en la escuela, materializados en el habla de profesores . Métodos: estudio cualitativo, del tipo estudio de caso, realizado con 17 profesores de la red municipal y estadual de enseñanza. Los datos fueron obtenidos de entrevistas y analizados por el Análisis de Discurso Textualmente Orientada. Resultados: predominaron los discursos médico-sanitario y clínico-biológico. La salud se representa como la ausencia de enfermedad, repercutiendo en enfoques que priorizan hábitos saludables y cambios de comportamiento. La problematización de los determinantes sociales ocurre en los proyectos, en sociedad intersectorial. Consideraciones Finales: la realización de proyectos de promoción de la salud en la escuela prescinde de la solidificación de alianzas y de la construcción de nuevos discursos que la represente como calidad de vida condicionada por factores sociales, económicos y culturales, así como estrategias para el reposicionamiento ideológico de aquellos actores que actúan en ese proceso paisaje.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar os discursos, representações e abordagens sobre saúde e promoção da saúde na escola, materializados na fala de professores. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, do tipo estudo de caso, realizado com 17 professores da rede municipal e estadual de ensino. Os dados foram obtidos de entrevistas e analisados pela Análise de Discurso Textualmente Orientada. Resultados: predominaram os discursos médico-sanitário e clínico-biológico. A saúde é representada como a ausência de doença, repercutindo em abordagens que priorizam hábitos saudáveis e mudanças de comportamento. A problematização dos determinantes sociais ocorre nos projetos, em parceria intersetorial. Considerações Finais: a realização de projetos de promoção da saúde na escola prescinde da solidificação de parcerias e da construção de novos discursos, que a represente como qualidade de vida condicionada por fatores sociais, econômicos e culturais, assim como estratégias para o reposicionamento ideológico daqueles atores que atuam nesse cenário.

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Abstract Aim: This study aims to comprehend the reasons for women's approach and permanence in Zumba. Method: In this descriptive study, we interviewed 20 female interviewees 31-66 years-old (M=46.14; SD=10,07). Inclusion criteria were: have been training Zumba for at least one year and with a minimum frequency of once a week. We excluded women who practice other activities simultaneously to Zumba. For data collection, we applied a semi-structured interview covering the following aspects: how they approached Zumba and the reasons why they kept training it. Data analysis was performed using non-aprioristic categories. Results: The interviewees reported approaching Zumba by friends, family, personal initiative, media, and medical advice. The permanence in the modality was related to therapeutic aspects, pleasure, sociability, being good for health, and engagement in a body practice. Conclusion: We concluded that women approach and keep training Zumba for reasons that surpass the physical benefits provided by body practices; rather, it is deemed as a useful and social practice.

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Abstract Aim: This study aimed to describe an experimental protocol to evaluate how a structured exercise program can impact on the health of people with epilepsy. Methods: For this purpose, a randomized control trial will be conducted in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Participants will be randomized into two groups: 1) Control- maintain usual activities, and 2) Exercise- a structured exercise program, with two 60-minute sessions per week, for 12 weeks. The intervention will be composed by warm-up (5-minutes), moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (15-20 minutes, performed on a treadmill), resistance training (2-3 sets, 10-15 repetitions), and 5-minutes of stretching exercises. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical information, cognitive function, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, hip and waist circumferences), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and strength (dynamometer) will be measured at baseline and 12-week post-intervention. Participants will receive a diary to record their seizures throughout the study. Results: A structured exercise program is expected to generate beneficial health effects, and the results can assist in health professionals' clinical practice for people with epilepsy.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the relation between sociodemographic characteristics of young people associated with the subjectivity of being happy; to evaluate the relationship between the subjectivity of being happy and the perception of health status; to evaluate the relationship between the subjectivity of being happy and the school and family environments and peer groups at school. Methods: this is an observational study, with an intentional sample of 1,069 young Portuguese people, with ages varying from 14 to 24, most of them women, attending secondary education. The self-filling questionnaire was used. Results: there are statistically significant associations between the subjectivity of being happy and schooling, perception of health status, family APGAR, school and family involvement, absence of problems or teasing by peers at school. Conclusions: a positive and holistic care coupled with the potential of obtaining and consolidating healthy lifestyles for young people will enable health professionals to perceive them as agents of individual and social change.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la relación entre las características sociodemográficas de los jóvenes asociadas con la subjetividad de ser feliz; evaluar la relación entre la subjetividad de ser feliz y la percepción del estado de salud; evaluar la relación entre la subjetividad de ser feliz y el ambiente escolar, familiar y grupo de pares en la escuela. Métodos: estudio observacional con una muestra de 1.069 jóvenes portugueses, entre los 14 y los 24 años, en su mayoría mujeres, que asiste a la escuela secundaria. Se utilizó el cuestionario de autollenado. Resultados: se destacan asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la subjetividad de ser feliz y la escolaridad, la percepción del estado de salud, el APGAR Familiar, la participación escolar y familiar, ausencia de problemas o provocaciones por los pares en la escuela. Conclusiones: un cuidado positivo y holístico aliado al potencial de obtención y consolidación de patrones de vida saludables de los jóvenes permitirá a los profesionales de la salud percibirlos como agentes de cambio individual y social.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a relação entre as características sociodemográficas dos jovens associadas à subjetividade de ser feliz; avaliar a relação entre a subjetividade de ser feliz e a percepção do estado de saúde; avaliar a relação entre a subjetividade de ser feliz e o ambiente escolar, familiar e grupo de pares na escola. Métodos: estudo observacional, com amostra intencional de 1.069 jovens portugueses, entre 14 e 24 anos, maioria do sexo feminino, que frequenta o ensino secundário. Utilizou-se o questionário de autopreenchimento. Resultados: destacam-se associações estatisticamente significativas entre a subjetividade de ser feliz e a escolaridade, a percepção do estado de saúde, APGAR Familiar, o envolvimento escolar e familiar, ausência de problemas ou provocações pelos pares na escola. Conclusões: um cuidado positivo e holístico aliado ao potencial de obtenção e consolidação de padrões de vida saudáveis dos jovens permitirá aos profissionais de saúde percebê-los como agentes de mudança individual e social.

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