RESUMEN
Scaffolds are 3D biomaterials that provide an environment for cell regeneration. In the context of bone remodeling, poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) combined with graphene has been developed as the scaffold. It is imperative for scaffolds to possess antibacterial properties in order to properly reduce the risk of potential infections.Therefore, this study aims to analyze the antibacterial characteristics of PCL/graphene scaffolds against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in vitro. In this study, five different groups were used, including PCL (K-), Amoxicillin (K+), PCL/Graphene 0.5 wt%, PCL/graphene 1 wt% and PCL/Graphene 1.5 wt%. All experiments were performed in triplicates and were repeated three times, and the diffusion method by Kirby-Bauer test was used. The disc was incubated with S. aureus and P. gingivalis for 24 hours and then the diameter of the inhibition zone was measured. The results showed that the PCL/graphene scaffolds exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. gingivalis. The inhibition zone diameter (IZD) against S. aureus of PCL/graphene 1 wt% was 9.53 ± 0.74 mm, and increased to 11.93 ± 0.92 mm at a concentration of 1.5 wt% of graphene. The PCL/graphene scaffold with 1.5 wt% exhibited a greater inhibitory effect, with an IZD of 12.56 ± 0.06 mm against P. gingivalis, while the inhibitory activity of the 1 wt% variant was relatively lower at 10.46 ± 0.24 mm. The negative control, PCL, and PCL/graphene 0.5 wt% exhibited no antibacterial activity sequentially (p = 1). Scaffolds of poly(e-caprolactone)/graphene exhibited an antibacterial activity at 1, and 1.5 wt% on S. aureus and P. gingivalis. The antibacterial properties of this scaffold make it a promising candidate for regenerating bone tissue.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Grafito , Poliésteres , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Staphylococcus aureus , Andamios del Tejido , Grafito/química , Grafito/farmacología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Andamios del Tejido/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Poliésteres/química , Poliésteres/farmacología , Regeneración Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
Titanium implants are subject to bacterial adhesion and peri-implantitis induction, and biosurfactants bring a new alternative to the fight against infections. This work aimed to produce and characterize the biosurfactant from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19,659, its anti-adhesion and antimicrobial activity, and cell viability. Anti-adhesion studies were carried out against Streptococcus sanguinis, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Proteus mirabilis as the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration. Cell viability was measured against osteoblast and fibroblast cells. The biosurfactant was classified as lipopeptide, with critical micelle concentration at 40 µg mL- 1, and made the titanium surface less hydrophobic. The anti-adhesion effect was observed for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sanguinis with 54% growth inhibition and presented a minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.7 µg mL- 1 for Streptococcus sanguinis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The lipopeptide had no cytotoxic effect and demonstrated high potential application against bacterial biofilms.
Asunto(s)
Adhesión Bacteriana , Biopelículas , Implantes Dentales , Lipopéptidos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Titanio , Titanio/farmacología , Titanio/química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Implantes Dentales/microbiología , Lipopéptidos/farmacología , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiología , Bacillus subtilis/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/fisiología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efectos de los fármacos , Propiedades de Superficie , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Tensoactivos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Periodontitis is clinically characterized by destruction of the tooth support system and tooth loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) plays a dominant role in periodontitis. Fractions and isolated compounds from an acetone-water extract of the roots of Limonium brasiliense (Lb) were tested in vitro for their anti-adhesive capacity against Pg on human KB buccal cells, influence on gingipains, the main virulence factors of Pg, and biofilm formation. Fractions EAF and FLB7 (50 µg/mL) reduced the bacterial adhesion of Pg to KB cells significantly (63 resp. 70%). The proanthocyanidin samarangenin A inhibited the adhesion (72%, 30 µM), samarangenin B (71%, 20 µM), and the flavan-3-ol epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (79%, 30 µM). Fraction AQF, representing hydrophilic compounds, reduced the proteolytic activity of Arginin-specific gingipain (IC50 12.78 µg/mL). Fractions EAF and FLB7, characterized by lipohilic constituents, inhibited Arg-gingipain (IC50 3 µg/mL). On Lysine-specific gingipain, AQF has an IC50 15.89, EAF 14.15, and FLB7 6 µg/mL. The reduced bacterial adhesion is due to a strong interaction of proanthocyanidins with gingipains. AQF, EAF, and FLB7 significantly inhibited biofilm formation: IC50 11.34 (AQF), 11.66 (EAF), and 12.09 µg/mL (FLB7). In silico analysis indicated, that the polyphenols act against specific targets of Pg, not affecting mammalian cells. Therefore, Lb might be effective for prevention of periodontal disease by influencing virulence factors of Pg.
Asunto(s)
Adhesinas Bacterianas , Adhesión Bacteriana , Biopelículas , Cisteína Endopeptidasas , Cisteína-Endopeptidasas Gingipaínas , Extractos Vegetales , Plumbaginaceae , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Factores de Virulencia , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Adhesinas Bacterianas/efectos de los fármacos , Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plumbaginaceae/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Proantocianidinas/farmacología , Proantocianidinas/aislamiento & purificación , Células KB , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica extract in alleviating halitosis and reducing the inflammatory response to halitosis-related bacteria. METHODOLOGY: This investigation, using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract (PE), involved four aspects. First, we evaluated the effect on growth and aggregation of halitosis-related bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Solobacterium moorei, using a microdilution assay and scanning electron microscopy. Second, volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels were measured on individuals with halitosis in randomized short-term (26 participants) and double-blind randomized long-term trials (18 participants in each group) after rinsing with PE for 3, 6, and 12 h, and 28 days. Third, we analyzed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in TR146 cells using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Lastly, we assessed pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 mRNA expression via the same experimental methods in a three-dimensional oral mucosal epithelial model (3D OMEM). RESULTS: PE extract dose-dependently inhibited the growth of F. nucleatum (50% inhibition concentration [IC50]=0.079%), P. gingivalis (IC50=0.65%), and S. moorei (IC50=0.07%) and effectively prevented bacterial aggregation. Furthermore, VSC contents decreased significantly at 3, 6, and 12 h after rinsing with 5% PE compared with those in the control. Long-term use of mouthwash containing 5% PE for 28 days led to a significant decrease in VSC contents. PE attenuated the F. nucleatum- or P. gingivalis-stimulated mRNA expression and protein release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in TR146 cells. It also suppressed IL-8 and prostaglandin E2 secretion and TLR2 mRNA expression in F. nucleatum-induced OMEMs. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the use of PE in oral care products to alleviate halitosis and it may reduce inflammation.
Asunto(s)
Citocinas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Halitosis , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Phyllanthus emblica , Extractos Vegetales , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Phyllanthus emblica/química , Halitosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Halitosis/microbiología , Humanos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Método Doble Ciego , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Factores de Tiempo , Masculino , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Receptor Toll-Like 2/efectos de los fármacos , Frutas/química , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Mucosa Bucal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Bucal/microbiología , Análisis de Varianza , Compuestos de Azufre/farmacología , Compuestos de Azufre/análisisRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of Chromobacterium violaceum and violacein against periodontitis, in experimental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind experimental study on the exposure to C. violaceum or violacein in experimentally ligature-induced periodontitis, as preventive factors against alveolar bone loss by periodontitis. Bone resorption was assessed by morphometry. Antibacterial potential of violacein was assessed in an in vitro assay. Its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated using the Ames test and SOS Chromotest assay, respectively. RESULTS: The potential of C. violaceum to prevent/limit bone resorption by periodontitis was confirmed. Daily exposure to 106 cells/ml in water intake since birth and only during the first 30 days of life significantly reduced bone loss from periodontitis in teeth with ligature. Violacein extracted from C. violaceum was efficient in inhibiting or limiting bone resorption and had a bactericidal effect against Porphyromonas gingivalis in the in vitro assay. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that C. violaceum and violacein have the potential to prevent or limit the progression of periodontal diseases, in an experimental model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The effect of an environmental microorganism with potential action against bone loss in animal models with ligature-induced periodontitis represents the possibility of understanding the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases in populations exposed to C. violaceum and the possibility of new probiotics and antimicrobials. This would imply new preventive and therapeutic possibilities.
Asunto(s)
Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar , Antibacterianos , Periodontitis , Animales , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/prevención & control , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/etiología , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/prevención & control , Periodontitis/complicaciones , Indoles/administración & dosificación , Método Doble Ciego , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Due to the limitations of traditional periodontal therapies, and reported cold atmospheric plasma anti-inflammatory/antimicrobial activities, plasma could be an adjuvant therapy to periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis was grown in blood agar. Standardized suspensions were plated on blood agar and plasma-treated for planktonic growth. For biofilm, dual-species Streptococcus gordonii + P. gingivalis biofilm grew for 48 h and then was plasma-treated. XTT assay and CFU counting were performed. Cytotoxicity was accessed immediately or after 24 h. Plasma was applied for 1, 3, 5 or 7 min. In vivo: Thirty C57BI/6 mice were subject to experimental periodontitis for 11 days. Immediately after ligature removal, animals were plasma-treated for 5 min once-Group P1 (n = 10); twice (Day 11 and 13)-Group P2 (n = 10); or not treated-Group S (n = 10). Mice were euthanized on day 15. Histological and microtomography analyses were performed. Significance level was 5%. Halo diameter increased proportionally to time of exposure contrary to CFU/mL counting. Mean/SD of fibroblasts viability did not vary among the groups. Plasma was able to inhibit P. gingivalis in planktonic culture and biofilm in a cell-safe manner. Moreover, plasma treatment in vivo, for 5 min, tends to improve periodontal tissue recovery, proportionally to the number of plasma applications.
Asunto(s)
Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Gases em Plasma/uso terapéutico , Animales , Línea Celular , Quimioterapia Adyuvante/métodos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Gases em Plasma/toxicidad , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus gordonii/efectos de los fármacos , Células VeroRESUMEN
Being aware of the remarkable antimicrobial potential of S. officinalis L., we aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the S. officinalis dichloromethane crude extract (SOD), dichloromethane-soluble fractions (SODH and SODD), SODD subfractions (SODD1 and SODD2), and pure substances (manool, salvigenin, and viridiflorol) against periodontopathogens. This bioassay-guided study comprises five antimicrobial tests-determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), determination of the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), determination of the antibiofilm activity, construction of the Time-kill curve (determination of Bactericidal Kinetics), and determination of the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index-on six clinical bacterial isolates and three standard bacterial strains involved in periodontal disease. SOD has moderate activity against most of the tested bacteria, whereas SODD1, SODH1, SODH3, and manool afford the lowest results. The Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATTC and clinical isolate) biofilm is considerably resistant to all the samples. In association with chlorhexidine gluconate, only SODH1 exerts additive action against P. gingivalis (clinical isolate). Therefore, SODH1 and manool are promising antibacterial agents and may provide therapeutic solutions for periodontal infections.
Asunto(s)
Periodontitis Agresiva , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Salvia officinalis/metabolismo , Periodontitis Agresiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis Agresiva/microbiología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Diterpenos/farmacología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Boca/microbiología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, numerous studies have been published to clarify the role of probiotics, especially Lactobacillus reuteri, as an adjunct to conventional periodontal treatment. Although the health benefits of probiotics are numerous, they are live bacteria, and the administration of live organisms is not risk-free. We evaluated the antimicrobial effect of L reuteri and its cell-free culture supernatant on Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone periodontal pathogen, in vitro. We also evaluated the influence of this probiotic in its live, heat-killed (HKL, paraprobiotic) form and its supernatant on the Galleria mellonella invertebrate model after infection by P gingivalis. METHODS: The interaction assay was conducted with P gingivalis and L reuteri preparations (live cells and supernatant preparation). For this, P gingivalis and L reuteri preparations were added to tubes containing Brain Heart Infusion broth and incubated for 3 days. The suspensions were then seeded onto appropriate culture media for the calculation of colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL). An in vivo assay with the G mellonella model was also performed. Live L reuteri, HKL, or supernatant was inoculated 2 hours prior to infection with P gingivalis. Survival was evaluated over 7 days, and the number of hemocytes in the hemolymph was estimated 3 hours after P gingivalis infection. Data were then subjected to statistical testing (α = 5%). RESULTS: Both live L reuteri and its supernatant had antimicrobial activity against P gingivalis (CFU reduction up to 86%, P < .05). Moreover, treatment with live and HKL had similar effects on G mellonella survival (increased survival up to 46%, P < .05). However, only live L reuteri was able to significantly increase the hemocyte density in this invertebrate model. CONCLUSION: Lactobacillus reuteri antimicrobial activity against P gingivalis and its effects on G mellonella survival after infection with a periodontopathogen do not depend on cell viability. This allows the development of products without live bacterium while maintaining similar effects.
Asunto(s)
Medios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacología , Limosilactobacillus reuteri , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Probióticos , Animales , Calor , Mariposas Nocturnas , Porphyromonas gingivalis/patogenicidadRESUMEN
Abstract Endodontic infections result from oral pathogenic bacteria which reach and infect dental pulp, as well as surrounding tissues, through cracks, unrepaired caries and failed caries restorations. This study aims to determine the chemical composition of essential oil from Psidium cattleianum leaves (PC-EO) and to assess its antibacterial activity against endodontic bacteria. Antibacterial activity of PC-EO was evaluated in terms of its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by the broth microdilution method on 96-well microplates. Bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis (MIC = 20 µg/mL), Prevotella nigrescens (MIC = 62.5 µg/mL), Fusobacterium nucleatum (MIC = 12.5 µg/mL), Actinomyces naeslundii (MIC = 50 µg/mL), Bacteroides fragilis (MIC = 12.5 µg/mL), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (MIC = 6.25 µg/mL) and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (MIC = 62.5 µg/mL) were evaluated and compared to chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (CDH), the positive control. PC-EO was obtained by hydrodistillation with the use of a Clevenger-type apparatus whereas its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Viridiflorol (17.9%), β-caryophyllene (11.8%), 1,8-cineole (10.8%) and β-selinene (8.6%) were the major constituents found in PC-EO, which exhibited high antibacterial activity against all endodontic pathogens under investigation. Therefore, PC-EO, a promising source of bioactive compounds, may provide therapeutic solutions for the field of endodontics.
Asunto(s)
Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Clorhexidina/farmacología , Psidium/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Peptostreptococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Bacteroides fragilis/efectos de los fármacos , Actinomyces/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efectos de los fármacos , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella nigrescens/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de MasasRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature followed by a meta-analysis about the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the microorganisms responsible for dental caries. The research question and the keywords were constructed according to the PICO strategy. The article search was done in Embase, Lilacs, Scielo, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Pubmed databases. Randomized clinical trials and in vitro studies were selected in the review. The study was conducted according the PRISMA guideline for systematic review. A total of 34 articles were included in the qualitative analysis and four articles were divided into two subgroups to perform the meta-analysis. Few studies have achieved an effective microbial reduction in microorganisms associated with the pathogenesis of dental caries. The results highlight that there is no consensus about the study protocols for PDT against cariogenic microorganisms, although the results showed the PDT could be a good alternative for the treatment of dental caries.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Bacteroidaceae/tratamiento farmacológico , Candidiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Bacteroidaceae/microbiología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Candida/crecimiento & desarrollo , Candida/patogenicidad , Candidiasis/microbiología , Curcumina/farmacología , Caries Dental/microbiología , Humanos , Azul de Metileno/farmacología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Porphyromonas gingivalis/patogenicidad , Colorantes de Rosanilina/farmacología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/microbiología , Streptococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptococcus/patogenicidad , Cloruro de Tolonio/farmacología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The periodontal disease (PD) etiology is mainly associated with some bacterial strains, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Nonsurgical root scaling (e.g., antibiotics) may achieve a temporary decrease in the P. gingivalis level, yet it cannot eradicate the microorganism. Moreover, antibiotics can lead to bacterial resistance and undesirable side effects. This systematic review was performed to identify animal data defining antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PACT) role on experimental PD models in the treatment of P. gingivalis. Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed were examined for studies published from January 1980 to August 2018. MeSH terms and Scopus data were used to find more related keywords. Four studies were selected and reviewed by two independent researches with a structured tool for rating the research quality. The beneficial effect of PACT included reductions in P. gingivalis counts, bleeding on probing, redness, and inflammation on multiple sites (i.e., first molar, dental implants; subgingival; and mandibular premolars). Although our results suggest that PACT displays antimicrobial action on P. gingivalis, thus improving the PD, a nonuniformity in the PACT protocol and the limited number of studies included lead to consider that the bactericidal efficacy of PACT against periodontal pathogens in PD remains unclear.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Periodoncio/microbiología , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Bacterianas/microbiología , Humanos , Enfermedades Periodontales/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Periodontales/microbiología , Periodoncio/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
AIM: Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinses are known to have a beneficial effect in the management of periodontal disease. The present study was designed to investigate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8) inhibition efficacy of eight commercially available CHX mouthrinses from the Dominican Republic. METHODS: The study samples are categorized into two categories, eight commercially available CHX mouthrinses were case sample group, and positive and negative controls used in the study are categorized as control sample group. Antibacterial activity of the samples was evaluated on bacterial strains obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD USA) which were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eikenella corrodens, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. RESULTS: The study samples 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8 showed significant higher antibacterial efficacy and sample 4 and 7 were less effective. Samples 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 showed higher antibacterial efficacy with no bacterial colonies formation in dilution assay method, whereas sample 8 showed smaller colonies of bacterial growth. The halo diameter found to be average in sample 8 with 13 mm, whereas sample 9 showed 12.5 + 3.48 mm, sample 1 was with a mean of 11.79 + 3.51 mm. The smaller halo diameter and minimal antibacterial activity were observed in samples 4 (mean of 3.5 + 5.95 mm) and 7 (3.5 + 7.70 mm). All eight samples showed statistically significant higher MMP-8 inhibition activity with P < 0.0001. CONCLUSION: Commercially available CHX digluconate mouthrinses showed the difference in plaque inhibition with 0.12 and 0.15% concentration.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Antiinflamatorios , Clorhexidina/análogos & derivados , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz , Antisépticos Bucales/farmacología , Clorhexidina/farmacología , Placa Dental/prevención & control , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efectos de los fármacos , Metaloproteinasa 8 de la Matriz , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of 12 kaurane-type diterpenes against a panel of bacteria that cause endodontic infection. METHODS & MATERIALS: We conducted tests against bacteria in the planktonic or in the sessile mode, cytotoxic assays for the most promising compounds against human normal lung fibroblast cells, and Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277) proteomic analysis. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Kaurenoic acid and its salt exhibited satisfactory antibacterial action against the evaluated bacteria. Proteomic analysis suggested that these compounds might interfere in bacterial metabolism and virulence factor expression. Kaurane-type diterpenes are an important class of natural products and should be considered in the search for new irrigating solutions to treat endodontic infections.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Infecciones por Bacteroidaceae/tratamiento farmacológico , Diterpenos/farmacología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Infecciones por Bacteroidaceae/microbiología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Diterpenos/química , Humanos , Viabilidad Microbiana/efectos de los fármacos , Mikania/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Porphyromonas gingivalis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Porphyromonas gingivalis/aislamiento & purificación , Pulpitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Pulpitis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
This study evaluated the antibacterial properties of carvacrol and terpinen-4-ol against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum and its cytotoxic effects on fibroblast cells. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were examined. The minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) was evaluated by XTT assay. Biofilm decontamination on titanium surfaces was quantified (CFU ml-1), evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cytotoxic activity by MTT. The MIC and MBC for carvacrol were 0.007% and 0.002% for P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, and 0.06% for terpinen-4-ol for both microorganisms. The MBIC for carvacrol was 0.03% and 0.06% for P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, and for terpinen-4-ol was 0.06% and 0.24%. The results indicated anti-biofilm activity using carvacrol (0.26%, 0.06%) and terpinen-4-ol (0.95%, 0.24%) and showed cytotoxic activity similar to chlorohexidine (CHX). However, terpinen-4-ol (0.24%) showed higher cell viability than other treatments. Carvacrol and terpinen-4-ol showed antibacterial activity in respect of reducing biofilms. Moreover, CHX-like cytotoxicity was observed.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Terpenos/farmacología , Animales , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Cimenos , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Titanio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Abstract There are several controversies regarding the efficacy of homeopathic substances; however, these remedies are used in many countries for the treatment of various pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of two homeopathic tinctures Arsenicum album (mineral extract) and Lycopodium clavatum (plant extract) on the periodontal bacteria Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus sanguinis, Prevotella intermedia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Phorphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Materials and methods: Equal numbers of bacteria were seeded on agar plates containing enriched media with the homeopathic solutions at 1dH and 1cH dilutions. After 7 days of incubation under anaerobic conditions, colony forming units (CFUs) were counted. The antibacterial effect was calculated based on the total number of CFUs observed on non-tincture containing agar, and on the tincture containing plates. Results: No visible growth of any of the strains was observed on the plates containing Arsenicum album at any of the dilutions tested. In contrast, when Lycopodium clavatum at 1cH dilution was tested, only P. gingivalis was susceptible to this compound. Conclusions: The results suggest that the mineral extract tincture had a greater antibacterial activity than the plant extract tincture, also Lycopodium clavatum preparation could be an effective inhibitor of periodontal pathogens bacteria such as P. gingivalis.
Resumen Se necesita un mayor número de estudios in vitro e in vivo para validar estos resultados.
Asunto(s)
Streptococcus sanguis/efectos de los fármacos , Actinomyces/efectos de los fármacos , Arsenicum Album/antagonistas & inhibidores , Lycopodium clavatum/antagonistas & inhibidores , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Farmacocinética del Medicamento Homeopático , HomeopatíaRESUMEN
We performed a homology modeling of the structure of a non-mutated and mutated Ser83âPhe DNA gyrase of Porphyromonas gingivalis. The model presented structural features conserved in type II topoisomerase proteins. We designed and evaluated in silico structural modifications to the core of Moxifloxacin by molecular docking, predicted toxicity and steered molecular dynamics simulations (SMD). Our results suggest that 8D derivative of Moxifloxacin could present a strong inhibitory activity in Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria that exhibits resistance to some conventional fluoroquinolone drugs. Also, our results suggest that hydrophobic radicals in the hydroxyl group at position 3 of the quinolone core would increase the antibacterial activity of the compound when a reported mutation Ser83âPhe is present in the DNA gyrase protein. In addition, new candidates that could have a higher antibacterial activity compared to Moxifloxacin in non-resistant bacteria are proposed.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Moxifloxacino/análogos & derivados , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/enzimología , Antibacterianos/química , Simulación por Computador , Girasa de ADN , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between subgingival restorations and the target periodontopathogenic bacteria (Pg, Td and Pi) in subgingival biofilm during one year after combined restorative-periodontal treatment. Material and Methods Seventeen systemically healthy subjects, who were positive for the presence of three cervical lesions associated with gingival recessions in three different adjacent teeth, were included in the study. A total of 51 combined defects were treated with connective tissue graft plus a nanofilled composite resin (NCR+CTG), a resin-modified glass ionemer cement (RMGI+CTG) and a fluoride-releasing resin material with pre-reacted glass (PRG), called giomer (Giomer+CTG). Periodontal clinical measurements and subgingival plaque samples were obtained from all combined defects at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the surgery. The number of bacteria were evaluated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Results No statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of Pg, Td and Pi was observed in any of the groups at any time points (p>0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of the bacteria at baseline and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, regardless of treatment group (p>0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that subgingivally placed NCR, RMGI and giomer restorations can show similar effects on periodontopathogenic bacteria in the treatment of gingival recessions that are associated with noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs).
Asunto(s)
Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Resinas Compuestas/farmacología , Restauración Dental Permanente/métodos , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/farmacología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Treponema denticola/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , ADN Bacteriano , Placa Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Placa Dental/microbiología , Femenino , Recesión Gingival/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Periodontales/microbiología , Enfermedades Periodontales/prevención & control , Porphyromonas gingivalis/genética , Prevotella intermedia/genética , Estudios Prospectivos , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Treponema denticola/genéticaRESUMEN
The systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the microbiological alteration beneficial to peri-implantitis treatment. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42017064215. Bibliographic databases including Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed were searched from inception to 8 January 2017. The search strategy was assembled from the following MeSH Terms: "Photochemotherapy," "Dental Implants" and "Peri-Implantitis." Unspecific free-text words and related terms were also included. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias of included studies. The random-effect model was chosen, and heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test. Three studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis demonstrated an association between aPDT and reduction in viable bacteria counts for: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (OR = 1.31; confidence interval = 1.13, 1.49; P < 0.00001), Porphyromonas gingivalis (OR = 4.08; confidence interval = 3.22, 4.94; P < 0.00001) and Prevotella intermedia (OR = 1.66; confidence interval = 1.06, 2.26; P < 0.00001). A aPDT appears to be effective in bacterial load reduction in peri-implantitis and has a positive potential as an alternative therapy for peri-implantitis.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Periimplantitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periimplantitis/microbiología , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Fusobacterium/efectos de los fármacos , Fusobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Pasteurellaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Pasteurellaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/aislamiento & purificación , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled and parallel- arm randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1-containing probiotic sachet and azithromycin tablets as an adjunct to nonsurgical therapy in clinical parameters and in presence and levels of Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Forty-seven systemically healthy volunteers with chronic periodontitis were recruited and monitored clinically and microbiologically at baseline for 3, 6 and 9 months after therapy. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from four periodontal sites with clinical attachment level ≥1 mm, probing pocket depth ≥4 mm and bleeding on probing, one site in each quadrant. Samples were cultivated and processed using the PCR technique. Patients received nonsurgical therapy including scaling and root planing (SRP) and were randomly assigned to a probiotic (n=16), antibiotic (n = 16) or placebo (n = 15) group. L. rhamnosus SP1 was taken once a day for 3 months. Azithromycin 500mg was taken once a day for 5 days. All groups showed improvements in clinical and microbiological parameters at all time points evaluated. Probiotic and antibiotic groups showed greater reductions in cultivable microbiota compared with baseline. The placebo group showed greater reduction in number of subjects with P. gingivalis compared with baseline. However, there were no significant differences between groups. The adjunctive use of L. rhamnosus SP1 sachets and azithromycin during initial therapy resulted in similar clinical and microbiological improvements compared with the placebo group.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Azitromicina/uso terapéutico , Periodontitis Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/química , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efectos de los fármacos , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de Varianza , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Azitromicina/farmacología , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Placa Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Placa Dental/microbiología , Raspado Dental/métodos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice Periodontal , Efecto Placebo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/aislamiento & purificación , Probióticos/farmacología , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Tannerella forsythia/efectos de los fármacos , Tannerella forsythia/aislamiento & purificación , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between subgingival restorations and the target periodontopathogenic bacteria (Pg, Td and Pi) in subgingival biofilm during one year after combined restorative-periodontal treatment. Material and Methods Seventeen systemically healthy subjects, who were positive for the presence of three cervical lesions associated with gingival recessions in three different adjacent teeth, were included in the study. A total of 51 combined defects were treated with connective tissue graft plus a nanofilled composite resin (NCR+CTG), a resin-modified glass ionemer cement (RMGI+CTG) and a fluoride-releasing resin material with pre-reacted glass (PRG), called giomer (Giomer+CTG). Periodontal clinical measurements and subgingival plaque samples were obtained from all combined defects at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the surgery. The number of bacteria were evaluated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Results No statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of Pg, Td and Pi was observed in any of the groups at any time points (p>0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of the bacteria at baseline and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, regardless of treatment group (p>0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that subgingivally placed NCR, RMGI and giomer restorations can show similar effects on periodontopathogenic bacteria in the treatment of gingival recessions that are associated with noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs).