RESUMEN
The excessive consumption of sodium-containing seasonings has led to an increased burden on individuals' cardiovascular system and adversely affected their health. Recently, an innovative salt-reducing strategy utilizing salty peptides has emerged with promising prospects. In this study, Porphyra haitanensis salty peptides (PHSPs) was obtained through hydrolysis and ultrafiltration. The salty taste of 30 mg/mL PHSPs was comparable to that of about 40 mM NaCl. The higher proportion of umami and sweet amino acids in PHSPs was found, which contributed to the salty and umami taste. Factors affecting the flavor of PHSPs were also investigated. CaCl2 exhibited the excellent synergistic enhancement with PHSPs on the salty taste, while the bitter taste of CaCl2 was masked in the presence of PHSPs, which was attributed to the chelation between calcium and peptides. Above all, it is expected that PHSPs can be further developed and support the emerging salt-reducing strategy in food engineering.
Asunto(s)
Cloruro de Calcio , Péptidos , Porphyra , Gusto , Péptidos/química , Péptidos/farmacología , Cloruro de Calcio/química , Porphyra/química , Humanos , Aromatizantes/química , Cloruro de Sodio/análisis , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacología , Cloruro de Sodio/químicaRESUMEN
Bioactive components from Porphyra tenera (PT) have been reported to confer various health benefits. The role of PT in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully investigated. This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory properties of PT on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated mice. PT supplementation attenuated the severity of colitis in DSS-treated mice, evidenced by the reduction of disease activity index (DAI), restoration of colonic histological damage and suppression of abnormal inflammatory response. Sequencing analysis indicated that intake of PT alleviated DSS-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, accompanied by reversing the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs). Overall, our findings demonstrated that supplementation of PT attenuated the severity of intestinal inflammation and ameliorated gut microbiota dysbiosis in a murine colitis model, which provided a rationale for further application of edible seaweeds for preventing inflammation-related disorders in humans.
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Colitis , Sulfato de Dextran , Disbiosis , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Animales , Ratones , Sulfato de Dextran/efectos adversos , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/microbiología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Disbiosis/microbiología , Disbiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Porphyra/química , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Algas ComestiblesRESUMEN
Intertidal algae may adapt to environmental challenges by acquiring genes from other organisms and relying on symbiotic microorganisms. Here, we obtained a symbiont-free and chromosome-level genome of Pyropia haitanensis (47.2 Mb), a type of intertidal algae, by using multiple symbiont screening methods. We identified 286 horizontal gene transfer (HGT) genes, 251 of which harbored transposable elements (TEs), reflecting the importance of TEs for facilitating the transfer of genes into P. haitanensis. Notably, the bulked segregant analysis revealed that two HGT genes, sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase and peptide-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase, play a significant role in the adaptation of P. haitanensis to heat stress. Besides, we found Pseudomonas, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes are the major taxa among the symbiotic bacteria of P. haitanensis (nearly 50% of the HGT gene donors). Among of them, a heat-tolerant actinobacterial strain (Saccharothrix sp.) was isolated and revealed to be associated with the heat tolerance of P. haitanensis through its regulatory effects on the genes involved in proline synthesis (proC), redox homeostasis (ggt), and protein folding (HSP20). These findings contribute to our understanding of the adaptive evolution of intertidal algae, expanding our knowledge of the HGT genes and symbiotic microorganisms to enhance their resilience and survival in challenging intertidal environments.
Asunto(s)
Transferencia de Gen Horizontal , Porphyra , Simbiosis , Simbiosis/genética , Porphyra/microbiología , Porphyra/genética , Adaptación Fisiológica/genética , Filogenia , Evolución BiológicaRESUMEN
The red macroalgae Porphyra, commonly known as Nori, is widely used as food around the world due to its high nutrient content, including the significant abundance of colored phycobiliproteins (PBPs). Among these, R-phycocyanin (R-PC) stands out for its vibrant purple color and numerous bioactive properties, making it a valuable protein for the food industry. However, R-PC's limited thermal stability necessitates alternative processing methods to preserve its color and bioactive properties. Our study aimed to investigate the in-situ stability of oligomeric R-PC under high pressure (HP) conditions (up to 4000 bar) using a combination of absorption, fluorescence, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. The unfolding of R-PC is a multiphase process. Initially, low pressure induces conformational changes in the R-PC oligomeric form (trimers). As pressure increases above 1600 bar, these trimers dissociate into monomers, and at pressures above 3000 bar, the subunits begin to unfold. When returned to atmospheric pressure, R-PC partially refolds, retaining 50% of its original color absorbance. In contrast, heat treatment causes irreversible and detrimental effects on R-PC color, highlighting the advantages of HP treatment in preserving both the color and bioactive properties of R-PC compared to heat treatment.
Asunto(s)
Ficocianina , Presión , Estabilidad Proteica , Ficocianina/química , Dispersión del Ángulo Pequeño , Porphyra/química , Difracción de Rayos X , Conformación ProteicaRESUMEN
Porphyra sensu lato, a highly valuable edible seaweed renowned for its distinctive umami taste, undergoes significant taste variations during the harvest cycle, affecting product quality and pricing. In this study, umami-related metabolites in Pyropia haitanensis were investigated at different harvesting times using GC-MS metabolomic, targeted LC-MS analysis, and an electronic tongue taste evaluation. High concentrations of compounds, including glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and inosine 5'-monophosphate, were identified as the main contributors to the overall umami profile. The concentrations of the compounds and umami-enhancing substances, such as sugars, were negatively correlated as the harvesting period extended. The early harvested P. haitanensis exhibited a superior umami taste, which gradually decreased with subsequent harvest time. Proline, a known cold-resistance metabolite, accumulated as the seawater temperature decreased and the harvest period progressed. These findings provide insights into the optimal cultivation and harvesting practices for maintaining umami quality in P. haitanensis products.
Asunto(s)
Metabolómica , Gusto , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Femenino , Porphyra/química , Porphyra/metabolismo , Porphyra/crecimiento & desarrollo , Algas Marinas/metabolismo , Algas Marinas/química , Algas Marinas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Adulto Joven , Aromatizantes/metabolismo , Aromatizantes/químicaRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the impact of pan- and air fryer-roasting on the volatiles, umami compounds, antioxidant activity, and sensory attributes of dried laver (Porphyra dentata). To assess the influence of time and temperature, pan-roasting was conducted at temperatures of 250, 300, and 350 °C for 5, 10, and 15 s, respectively. For air fryer-roasting, dried laver was roasted at 160, 170, and 180 °C for 2, 4, and 6 min, respectively. In both roasting methods, the levels of 1,5-octadien-3-ol and 1-octen-3-ol significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with increased time and temperature. The Equivalent Umami Concentration ranged from 94.89 to 518.09 g MSG/100 g. The antioxidant activity significantly increased (p < 0.05) with higher roasting temperatures and longer durations, whereas pigment content significantly decreased. The browning index increased by 64% and 43% for the pan and air frying methods, respectively. The samples pan-roasted at 300 °C for 15 s obtained the highest sensory scores.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Culinaria , Gusto , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles , Antioxidantes/química , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/química , Humanos , Aromatizantes/química , Calor , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Algas Comestibles , PorphyraRESUMEN
The rapid expansion of laver (Porphyra yezoensis) cultivation on lower tidal flats has become integral to the local economy, yet it also raises concerns regarding its potential impact on the morphological evolution due to increasing human activities. This study utilizes integrated near-bed field measurements to assess morphological dynamics and quantify sediment erosion processes, highlighting the significant impact of laver harvest on tidal flat stability. Our results show that erosion and bed coarsening in the cultivated areas experienced a notable intensification immediately after harvest, with net erosion in cultivated areas reaching approximately -38.2 mm during the first tide post-harvest, markedly higher-more than an order of magnitude-compared to adjacent uncultivated areas. The erosion rate notably spiked with the average bed level change rate increasing to -13.8 × 10-4 mm/s, compared to a rate of +0.3 × 10-4 mm/s during the unharvest period. Subsequently, the cultivated areas entered a recovery phase with a deposition amount of +12.5 mm, while the net cumulative erosion thickness throughout the entire observation period was -25.2 mm. The cultivation method, characterized by consistent harvests every 10 days, means that even minor erosion from continuous harvests can escalate into significant degradation. This study suggests that long-term cultivation cycle practices may result in irreversible changes to the depositional environment, potentially jeopardizing the habitat viability and ecological function. Sustainable agricultural strategies, including site selection, infrastructure planning, monitoring environmental changes, ecological assessments and sustainable practices, are recommended to mitigate the negative impacts of cultivation on regional stability and preserve the coastal ecological balance.
Asunto(s)
Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Algas Comestibles , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Sedimentos Geológicos , Porphyra , Erosión del SueloRESUMEN
Extraction strategies impact the efficiency and nature of extracted compounds. This work assessed the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of ethanolic, hydroethanolic, and aqueous versus enzyme-assisted extracts (isolated or with the sequential use of alcalase®, cellulase®, and viscozyme®) of the macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus (brown, Phaeophyceae) and Porphyra dioica (red, Rhodophyta. For both macroalgae, enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) was the most efficient process compared to solvent-assisted extraction (SAE), independent of solvent. Fucus vesiculosus extraction yields were higher for EAE than for SAE (27.4% to 32.2% and 8.2% to 30.0%, respectively). Total phenolics content (TPC) was at least 10-fold higher in EAE extracts (229.2 to 311.3 GAE/gextract) than in SAE (4.34 to 19.6 GAE/gextract) counterparts and correlated well with antioxidant capacity (ABTS and ORAC methods), with EAE achieving values up to 8- and 2.6-fold higher than those achieved by SAE, respectively. Porphyra dioica followed F. vesiculosus's trend for extraction yields (37.5% to 51.6% for EAE and 5.7% to 35.1% for SAE), TPC, although of a lower magnitude, (0.77 to 8.95 GAE/gextract for SE and 9.37 to 14.73 GAE/gextract for EAE), and antioxidant capacity. Aqueous extracts registered the highest DPPH values for both macroalgae, with 2.3 µmol TE/gextract and 13.3 µmol TE/gextract for F. vesiculosus and P. dioica, respectively. EAE was a more efficient process in the extraction of soluble protein and reducing sugars in comparison to SAE. Furthermore, an improved effect of enzyme-assisted combinations was observed for almost all analyzed parameters. This study shows the promising application of enzyme-assisted extraction for the extraction of valuable compounds from F. vesiculosus and P.dioica, making them excellent functional ingredients for a wide range of health and food industrial applications.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Fucus , Porphyra , Algas Marinas , Solventes , Fucus/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Porphyra/química , Solventes/química , Algas Marinas/química , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Porphyra haitanensis (P. haitanensis), an important food source for coastal residents in China, has a long history of medicinal and edible value. P. haitanensis polysaccharides are some of the main active ingredients in P. haitanensis. It is worth noting that P. haitanensis polysaccharides have a surprising and satisfactory biological activity, which explains the various benefits of P. haitanensis to human health, such as anti-oxidation, immune regulation, anti-allergy, and anticancer properties. Hence, a systematic review aimed at comprehensively summarizing the recent research advances in P. haitanensis polysaccharides is necessary for promoting their better understanding. In this review, we systematically and comprehensively summarize the research progress on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, modification, and biological activity of P. haitanensis polysaccharides and address the shortcomings of the published research and suggest area of focus for future research, providing a new reference for the exploitation of polysaccharides from P. haitanensis in the fields of medicine and functional foods.
Asunto(s)
Polisacáridos , Porphyra , Porphyra/química , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pyropia yezoensis a commercially important red seaweed species, is susceptible to various microorganisms infections, among which bacterial infections are the most prominent ones. Pyropia yezoensis is often affected by harmful bacterial communities under high temperatures that can lead to its degradation and economic losses. The current study aimed to explore Pyropia yezoensis-associated microbiota and further identify potential isolates, which can degrade Pyropia yezoensis under high-temperature conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify the agarolytic bacterial species. The results showed that Chromohalobacter sp. strain AZ6, Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain AZ, Psychrobacter sp. strain AZ3, Vibrio sp. strain AZ, and Halomonas sp. strain AZ07 exhibited algicidal properties as these strains were more abundant at high temperature (25 °C). Among the five isolated strains, the potential isolate Halomonas sp. strain AZ07 showed high production of agarolytic enzymes, including lipase, protease, cellulase, and amylase. This study confirmed that the isolated strain could produce these four different enzymes. The strain Halomonas AZ07 was co-treated with Pyropia yezoensis cells under two different temperature environments, including 13 °C and 25 °C. The degradation of Pyropia yezoensis occurred at the optimum temperature of 25 °C and effectively degraded their cell wall, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. CONCLUSION: The successful cultivation of Pyropia yezoensis in coastal farm environments is dependent on specific temperature and environmental factors, and lower temperatures have been observed to be particularly beneficial for the survival and growth of Pyropia yezoensis. The temperature below 13 °C was confirmed to be the best niche for the symbiotic relationship of microbiota associated with Pyropia yezoensis for its growth, development, and production.
Asunto(s)
Halomonas , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Halomonas/genética , Halomonas/metabolismo , Halomonas/enzimología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Calor , Rhodophyta/genética , Filogenia , Microbiota/genética , Algas Marinas/metabolismo , Algas Marinas/microbiología , Temperatura , Algas Comestibles , PorphyraRESUMEN
The northward shift of Pyropia yezoensis aquaculture required the breeding of germplasms with tolerance to the oxidative stress due to the high light conditions of the North Yellow Sea area. The MPV17/PMP22 family proteins were identified as a molecule related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. Here, one of the MPV17 homolog genes designated as PyM-LP2 was selected for functional identification by introducing the encoding sequence region/reverse complementary fragment into the Py. yezoensis genome. Although the photosynthetic activity, the respiratory rate, and the ROS level in wild type (WT) and different gene-transformed algal strains showed similar levels under normal conditions, the overexpression (OE) strain exhibited higher values of photosynthesis, respiration, and reducing equivalents pool size but lower intracellular ROS production under stress conditions compared with the WT. Conversely, all the above parameters showed opposite variation trends in RNAi strain as those in the OE strain. This implied that the PyM-LP2 protein was involved in the mitigation of the oxidative stress. Sequence analysis revealed that this PyM-LP2 protein was assorted to peroxisomes and might serve as a poring channel for transferring malate (Mal) to peroxisomes. By overexpressing PyM-LP2, the transfer of Mal from chloroplasts to peroxisomes was enhanced under stress conditions, which promoted photorespiration and ultimately alleviated excessive reduction of the photosynthetic electron chain. This research lays the groundwork for the breeding of algae with enhanced resistance to oxidative stresses.
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Proteínas Algáceas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Rhodophyta , Rhodophyta/genética , Rhodophyta/metabolismo , Rhodophyta/fisiología , Proteínas Algáceas/metabolismo , Proteínas Algáceas/genética , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Fotosíntesis , Estrés Oxidativo , Algas Comestibles , PorphyraRESUMEN
The formation of phytoene by condensing two geranylgeranyl diphosphate molecules catalyzed by phytoene synthase (PSY) is the first committed and rate-limiting step in carotenoid biosynthesis, which has been extensively investigated in bacteria, land plants and microalgae. However, this step in macroalgae remains unknown. In the present study, a gene encoding putative phytoene synthase was cloned from the economic red alga Pyropia yezoensis-a species that has long been used in food and pharmaceuticals. The conservative motifs/domains and the tertiary structure predicted using bioinformatic tools suggested that the cloned PyPSY should encode a phytoene synthase; this was empirically confirmed by pigment complementation in E. coli. This phytoene synthase was encoded by a single copy gene, whose expression was presumably regulated by many factors. The phylogenetic relationship of PSYs from different organisms suggested that red algae are probably the progeny of primary endosymbiosis and plastid donors of secondary endosymbiosis.
Asunto(s)
Geranilgeranil-Difosfato Geranilgeraniltransferasa , Filogenia , Rhodophyta , Rhodophyta/genética , Rhodophyta/enzimología , Geranilgeranil-Difosfato Geranilgeraniltransferasa/genética , Geranilgeranil-Difosfato Geranilgeraniltransferasa/metabolismo , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/genética , Clonación Molecular , Algas Comestibles , PorphyraRESUMEN
Porphyra sensu lato is one of the most economically significant and widely cultured and consumed algae in the world. Porphyra species present excellent nutraceutic properties due to their bioactive compounds (BACs). This research aimed to find the most efficient aqueous extraction method for BACs by examining alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis. Alkaline hydrolysis with 2.5% sodium carbonate (SC) and at 80 °C proved optimal for extracting all BACs (phycobiliproteins, soluble proteins, polyphenols, and carbohydrates) except mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), which were best extracted with water only, and at 80 °C. Enzymatic hydrolysis, particularly with the 'Miura' enzymatic cocktail (cellulase, xylanase, glycoside hydrolase, and ß-glucanase), showed superior results in extracting phycoerythrin (PE), phycocyanin (PC), soluble proteins, and carbohydrates, with increases of approximately 195%, 510%, 890%, and 65%, respectively, compared to the best alkaline hydrolysis extraction (2.5% SC and 80 °C). Phenolic content analysis showed no significant difference between the 'Miura' cocktail and 2.5% SC treatments. Antioxidant activity was higher in samples from alkaline hydrolysis, while extraction of MAAs showed no significant difference between water-only and 'Miura' treatments. The study concludes that enzymatic hydrolysis improves the efficiency of BACs extraction in P. linearis, highlighting its potential for the nutraceutical industry, and especially with respect to MAAs for topical and oral UV-photoprotectors.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Suplementos Dietéticos , Porphyra , Porphyra/química , Hidrólisis , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Carbonatos/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/química , Carbohidratos/químicaRESUMEN
This study investigated the production of antioxidant peptides from Porphyra yezoensis through fermentation with three strains of microorganisms: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L13, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MMB-02, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae A8. The crude peptides were extracted by aqueous acid precipitation and purified by Sephadex G-25 gel column to produce highly active antioxidant components with molecular weight of <4000 Da. The LC-MS/MS result revealed that the fermentation group contained more hydrophobic amino acids and oligopeptides, which were mainly originated from phycobiliproteins and algal blue proteins. Finally, the antioxidant activity of Porphyra yezoensis was determined with DPPH· and ABTS· scavenging rates of 54.87% and 57.39%, respectively. The ferric ion-reducing power (FRAP) and enzyme activities of SOD and CAT were significantly higher than those of the control group. This study provides a scientific foundation for the deep processing of striped seaweed and contributes to the theoretical understanding of synthetic antioxidant substitutes.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Fermentación , Péptidos , Porphyra , Porphyra/química , Porphyra/metabolismo , Porphyra/microbiología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Péptidos/química , Péptidos/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/metabolismo , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/química , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/química , Algas ComestiblesRESUMEN
In this study, we investigated the effects of glycoprotein (PG)-mediated regulation of Porphyra haitanensis on liver glucose metabolism in hyperglycemic mouse models, and sought to establish the underlying mechanism, as determined by the changes in liver gene expression and metabolic profiles. The results showed that 30-300 mg kg-1 PG upregulated the expression of the liver genes Ins1, Ins2, Insr, Gys2, Gpi1, Gck, and downregulated the expression of G6pc, G6pc2, and G6pc3, in a concentration-dependent manner. 300 mg kg-1 PG downregulated the concentrations of glucose-related metabolites in the liver, but upregulated lactic acid, 2-aminoacetic acid, and glucose-1-phosphate concentrations. It was assumed that PG regulated liver glucose metabolism by enriching insulin secretion, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the AMPK signaling pathway, and promoting insulin secretion, glycogen synthesis, and glycolysis. Our findings supported the development of P. haitanensis and its glycoproteins as novel natural antidiabetic compounds that regulated blood glucose homeostasis.
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Glucosa , Glicoproteínas , Homeostasis , Hígado , Porphyra , Animales , Ratones , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Homeostasis/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Glucosa/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Glucemia/metabolismo , HumanosRESUMEN
Red phycoerythrin (R-PE) is a highly valuable protein found in an edible seaweed, Pyropia yezoensis. It is used extensively in biotechnological applications due to its strong fluorescence and stability in diverse environments. However, the current methods for extracting and purifying R-PE are costly and unsustainable. The aim of the present study was to enhance the financial viability of the process by improving the extraction and purification of R-PE from dried P. yezoensis and to further enhance R-PE value by incorporating it into a tandem dye for molecular biology applications. A combination of ultrafiltration, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration yielded concentrated (1 mg·mL-1) R-PE at 99% purity. Using purified PE and Cyanine5 (Cy5), an organic tandem dye, phycoerythrin-Cy5 (PE-Cy5), was subsequently established. In comparison to a commercially available tandem dye, PE-Cy5 exhibited 202.3% stronger fluorescence, rendering it suitable for imaging and analyzes that require high sensitivity, enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, broad dynamic range, or shorter exposure times to minimize potential damage to samples. The techno-economic analysis confirmed the financial feasibility of the innovative technique for the extraction and purification of R-PE and PE-Cy5 production.
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Carbocianinas , Ficoeritrina , Ficoeritrina/química , Ficoeritrina/aislamiento & purificación , Carbocianinas/química , Algas Marinas/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Cromatografía por Intercambio Iónico/métodos , Cromatografía en Gel/métodos , Ultrafiltración/métodos , Rhodophyta/química , Pigmentos Biológicos/aislamiento & purificación , Pigmentos Biológicos/química , Algas Comestibles , PorphyraRESUMEN
Porphyra sensu lato has economic importance for food and pharmaceutical industries due to its significant physiological activities resulting from its bioactive compounds (BACs). This study aimed to determine the optimal nitrate dosage required in short-term cultivation to achieve substantial BAC production. A nitrate experiment using varied concentrations (0 to 6.5 mM) revealed optimal nitrate uptake at 0.5 mM in the first two days and at 3 and 5 mM in the last five days. Polyphenols and carbohydrates showed no differences between treatments, while soluble proteins peaked at 1.5 and 3 mM. Total mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) were highest in algae incubated at 5 and 6.5 mM, and the highest antioxidant activity was observed in the 5 mM, potentially related to the MAAs amount. Total carbon and sulfur did not differ between treatments, while nitrogen decreased at higher nitrate. This discovery highlights the nuanced role of nitrate in algal physiology, suggesting that biological and chemical responses to nitrate supplementation can optimize an organism's health and its commercially significant bioactive potential. Furthermore, given its ability to absorb high doses of nitrate, this alga can be cultivated in eutrophic zones or even in out-/indoor tanks, becoming an excellent option for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) and bioremediation.
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Antioxidantes , Biodegradación Ambiental , Nitratos , Porphyra , Nitratos/metabolismo , Nitratos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Porphyra/metabolismo , Cosmecéuticos , Aminoácidos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the colon. This study aimed to explore how Porphyra haitanensis porphyran (PHP) modulates the immune response and the associated mechanisms that alleviate dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Histological assessments via H&E staining and AB-PAS staining revealed that PHP intervention partially restored the number of goblet cells and improved intestinal mucosal function. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses of claudin-1, occludin, and MUC-2 demonstrated that PHP could repair the intestinal barrier and reduce colon damage by upregulating the expression of these proteins. PHP intervention was associated with a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, the expression of proteins involved in intestinal immune homing, such as CCR-9, CCL-25, MAdCAM-1, and α4ß7, was significantly suppressed in response to PHP treatment. Conversely, PHP upregulates the expression of CD40 and TGF-ß1, both of these can promote healing and reduce inflammation in the gut lining. This study demonstrates that PHP can ameliorate ulcerative colitis by enhancing the intestinal barrier and modulating immune responses. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential utility of P. haitanensis as a promising natural product for managing ulcerative colitis.
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Sulfato de Dextran , Porphyra , Animales , Porphyra/química , Sulfato de Dextran/toxicidad , Sulfato de Dextran/efectos adversos , Ratones , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis/patología , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis Ulcerosa/patología , Masculino , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Colon/patología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/metabolismo , Sefarosa/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
The nutritional and bioactive value of seaweeds is widely recognized, making them a valuable food source. To use seaweeds as food, drying and thermal treatments are required, but these treatments may have a negative impact on valuable bioactive compounds. In this study, the effects of dehydration, rehydration, and thermal treatment on the bioactive compounds (carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC)), antioxidant (ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities) and anti-Alzheimer's (Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activities, and color properties of Porphyra umbilicalis and Porphyra linearis seaweeds were evaluated. The results revealed significant reductions in carotenoids, TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities after the seaweeds' processing, with differences observed between species. Thermal treatment led to the most pronounced reductions in bioactive compound contents and antioxidant activity. AchE inhibitory activity remained relatively high in all samples, with P. umbilicalis showing higher activity than P. linearis. Changes in color (ΔE) were significant after seaweeds' dehydration, rehydration and thermal treatment, especially in P. umbilicalis. Overall, optimizing processing methods is crucial for preserving the bioactive compounds and biological activities of seaweeds, thus maximizing their potential as sustainable and nutritious food sources or as nutraceutical ingredients.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa , Algas Comestibles , Fenoles , Porphyra , Algas Marinas , Antioxidantes/química , Carotenoides/química , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/química , Desecación , Flavonoides/química , Calor , Fenoles/química , Ficobiliproteínas , Porphyra/química , Algas Marinas/químicaRESUMEN
To develop an effective method to eliminate green macroalgae attached to Neopyropia aquaculture nets, we explored the influence of mixed acid solution on the photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of Ulva spp. (green macroalgae) and Neopyropia yezoensis (red macroalgae) from Dafeng and Rudong aquaculture areas in Jiangsu Province, China. Treatment with mixed acid solution (0.0475 % hydrochloric acid:citric acid (pH 2.0) at a ratio of 4:3) for 60 s caused death of Ulva spp., but did not affect N. yezoensis. Additionally, a mixed acid solution effectively eliminated green macroalgae from Neopyropia aquaculture rafts and the marine environment remained unaffected. Hence, the application of mixed acid solution treatment has demonstrated significant efficacy in eradicating green macroalgae adhered to Neopyropia aquaculture rafts, thus presenting a promising strategy for mitigating green macroalgae proliferation in Neopyropia aquaculture areas and curbing their contribution to green tides.