RESUMEN
It has been hypothesized that oils containing high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as canola and fish oil, could counteract some of the adverse effects induced by phthalates. In the present study, the influence of different oily vehicles on di-butyl phthalate (DBP)-induced testicular toxicity and lipid profile was investigated. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated by oral gavage from gestation days 13 to 20 with DBP (500 mg/kg/day) diluted in three different vehicles: corn, canola or fish oil. Male fetuses were analyzed on gestation day 20. DBP exposure lowered intratesticular testosterone levels and anogenital distance, regardless of the vehicle used. The percentage of seminiferous cords containing multinucleated gonocytes and cord diameter was increased in DBP-exposed groups, compared with vehicle controls, with no difference between the three DBP-exposed groups. Clustering of Leydig cells was seen in all DBP groups. Lipid profile indicated that administration of canola and fish oil can increase the content of omega-3 fatty acids in rat testis. However, content of omega-3 was diminished in DBP-treated groups. Overall, our results indicate that different oily vehicles did not alter fetal rat testicular toxicity induced by a high DBP dose.
Asunto(s)
Dibutil Ftalato/toxicidad , Disruptores Endocrinos/toxicidad , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Vehículos Farmacéuticos/metabolismo , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Aceite de Maíz/química , Aceite de Maíz/metabolismo , Dibutil Ftalato/administración & dosificación , Disruptores Endocrinos/administración & dosificación , Contaminantes Ambientales/administración & dosificación , Contaminantes Ambientales/toxicidad , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados/química , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/química , Femenino , Desarrollo Fetal/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Pescado/química , Aceites de Pescado/metabolismo , Masculino , Vehículos Farmacéuticos/química , Plastificantes/administración & dosificación , Plastificantes/toxicidad , Embarazo , Aceite de Brassica napus , Ratas , Procesos de Determinación del Sexo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/embriología , Testículo/metabolismo , Testosterona/metabolismoRESUMEN
The effects of di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP) were investigated with respect to bioaccumulation and whether these effects occurred over a second generation in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797). The concentrations of DnBP in males and females of the second generation were higher than those in first one. However, frequency of mortality of exposed individuals in the second generation was approximately 57% less but the reduction in size and weight was more pronounced than in the first generation.
Asunto(s)
Dibutil Ftalato/farmacocinética , Mariposas Nocturnas/metabolismo , Plastificantes/farmacocinética , Animales , Dibutil Ftalato/administración & dosificación , Dibutil Ftalato/metabolismo , Femenino , Larva/metabolismo , Masculino , Plastificantes/administración & dosificación , Plastificantes/metabolismo , Pupa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Phthalates are environmental contaminants used in the production of plastics, cosmetics and medical devices. Studies on the effects of phthalates on female reproductive health are particularly sparse and mostly restricted to high-dose exposure in rats. In the present study, pregnant rats were treated with 100mg/kg-d of di-eta-butyl-phthalate (DBP) or only the vehicle (control group), from GD 12 to GD 20 for evaluation of reproductive outcomes and fetal gonads analysis (F0), and from GD 12 to PND 21 to evaluate reproductive development and function on F1 female offspring. Results showed that all parameters were comparable between groups, although there was a significant increase in the fetal weight after DBP exposure. However, the body weight at birth was normal. Based on these data we can conclude that, in these experimental conditions, DBP did not disturb the reproductive development or function of female rats.
Asunto(s)
Dibutil Ftalato/toxicidad , Lactancia , Plastificantes/toxicidad , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Reproducción/fisiología , Animales , Peso al Nacer/efectos de los fármacos , Dibutil Ftalato/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Fertilidad/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Fetal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/embriología , Plastificantes/administración & dosificación , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Maduración Sexual/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The effects of chronic intake of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on the main intermediate glycolytic metabolites in liver and gastrocnemius muscle were investigated in experimental animals. Male Wistar rats (90-100 g) were fed for 21 days either with a standard chow or the same diet supplemented with 2% (w/w) of DEHP. The DEHP-fed rats had an altered in vivo glucose tolerance associated with abnormal glucose intermediate metabolite contents in liver and skeletal muscle. In these rats, the hepatic content of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P), fructose-6-phosphate, pyruvate, lactate, glucose-1-phosphate and glycogen decreased. At the same time, the G-6-P content decreased while the pyruvate and lactate levels increased in skeletal muscle. These data, along with the high plasma glucose concentration and the normal lactate blood levels of this group, could indicate that DEHP-fed rats could present a deficiency in muscle glucose and lactate transport, a reduction of the flux through muscle hexokinase and hepatic glucokinase, and a reduction in glycogen synth-
Asunto(s)
Glucemia/metabolismo , Dietilhexil Ftalato/administración & dosificación , Glucólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Plastificantes/administración & dosificación , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Dietilhexil Ftalato/efectos adversos , Contaminación de Alimentos , Glucólisis/fisiología , Ácido Láctico/sangre , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Plastificantes/efectos adversos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
Muitas rupturas de bolsas de sangue no processamento e armazenamento levam à abertura do sistema e à perda do conteúdo, com prejuízos econômicos, riscos biológicos e aspectos sociais pela doação voluntária (dados levantados junto a serviços de hemoterapia pelo autor). O propósito foi avaliar "in vitro", por meio de teste cego, diferentes filmes de bolsas de poli (cloreto de vinila)-PVC para coleta de sangue disponíveis no mercado nacional, sendo três produzidas no Brasil e duas no exterior, utilizando parâmetros físico e físico-químico. Estas bolsas possuem características especiais como: composição química conforme a Farmacopéia Européia, flexibilidade para enchimento com sangue e resistência a diferentes condições de temperatura e tempo de centrifugação. A fabricação das bolsas ocorre por soldagem por radiofreqüência. A área definida de solda ou costura entre os filmes tem sido apontada como o principal ponto vulnerável a micro-rupturas, durante a centrifugação. Os parâmetros estudados foram: absorção no infravermelho (IR-FT) e análise mecânica de tensão-elongação/ruptura, realizados no corpo da bolsa e na solda ou costura. Os espectros (IR-FT) foram semelhantes, porém diferentes resultados foram observados na análise mecânica quando comparados entre si. Evidenciamos dois grupos de comportamentos quanto à concentração de grupamentos químicos no infravermelho. Não obtivemos informações da concentração química, do processamento e possíveis diferenças de técnicas empregadas. Os resultados nos permitem concluir que existem diferenças entre as cinco bolsas. Estas propriedades são tão importantes quanto as características biológicas ou bioquímicas. Não encontramos na literatura valores que possam caracterizar qual bolsa seria mais ou menos eficiente frente ao processamento ao qual são submetidas em toda sua cadeia desde a indústria até a transfusão.
Many ruptures of blood bags used for processing and storage occur in the process of opening the system with the consequence of losing contents causing economic losses, biological risk and negative implications for voluntary donation (data was collected by the author from blood collection centers). The purpose of this work was to make an in vitro evaluation, using a blind study, of different polyvinylchloride (PVC) blood bags available on the national market; three manufactured nationally and the other two outside of Brazil. Commonly accepted physical and physico-chemical tests were used. These bags are made with special characteristics: chemical composition according to European Pharmacopoeia, with enough flexibility to be filled and strong enough to tolerate centrifugation (G) with varying degrees of temperature and duration. The manufacturing process includes welding using radio frequency. The seam or welded area has been identified as the most vulnerable point for pin holes during centrifugation. The parameters studied were: absorption of infra-red rays (FT-IR) and mechanical analysis of tension and elongation/rupture were evaluated both in the body of the blood bags and the seams or welded areas. The FT-IR spectra were similar, but mechanical analysis presented significant differences when comparing the different bags. We found two groups of actions related to chemical grouping concentrations. Information was not considered or known about the chemical concentration of processing and possible differences between the techniques used. The results led to the conclusion that differences between the five bags exist. These properties are very important as biological or desirable biochemical characteristics for blood bags. A literature review, did not however, reveal values that would indicate which blood bags have better or worse performances in accordance with their mode of processing in blood centers.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Conservación de la Sangre , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico , Servicio de Hemoterapia , Bolsas de Plástico para Conservación de la Sangre , Plastificantes/administración & dosificación , Control de CalidadRESUMEN
This study investigated the effect of DEHP exposure on N-cadherin and alpha-, beta- and p120-catenin immunoreactivities in the rat testis. DEHP was administered by daily gavage to 25-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 2 g DEHP/5 ml corn oil/kg body weight for 2 days or 7 days. Control rats were treated with corn oil vehicle under the same conditions. Animals were killed at 24h after the last treatment. Another group of rats treated with DEHP or corn oil vehicle (control group) for 2 days were held for 30 days without treatment to observe recovery. Testes were analyzed for histopathology, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blot analyses. Animals exposed to DEHP for 2 days or 7 days showed severe alterations of seminiferous tubules characterized by germ cell sloughing. Animals from the longer term recovery group treated with DEHP showed foci of delayed spermatogenesis. A linear and continuous pattern of N-cadherin was observed in the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules. A similar pattern but with higher IF intensity was observed for N-cadherin in rats treated with DEHP for 2 days or 7 days, compared to control animals. The alpha-, beta- and p120-catenins were detected in the basal compartment of seminiferous tubules in similar localization and IF pattern for DEHP and control groups. A significant increase in testicular N-cadherin and alpha-catenin levels was detected by Western blot analysis in DEHP-exposed versus control rats. No variations in N-cadherin or catenin expression were detected in the recovery groups. These findings demonstrate that DEHP induces an up-regulation of N-cadherin and alpha-catenin expression and may perturb cell-cell adhesion phenomena in the seminiferous tubule.