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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: In traditional Persian medicine (TPM), people often use herbal infusions as a dosage form to treat diseases related to hyperglycemia, known as 'dam-kardeh'. Traditionally, herbal preparations of Eryngium bungei Boiss. (E. b), Tragopogon buphthalmoides (DC.) Boiss. (T. b), Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Benth. (S. h), and Juniperus polycarpos K. Koch. (J. p) are used to manage diabetes in Iran. However, there is no evidence of their effectiveness in controlling glucose levels and their mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate whether traditional doses of plant infusions can have hypoglycemic and/or anti-hyperglycemic effects during fasting and/or postprandial states and establish the basis for future research on their potential mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of traditional doses of herbal extracts on blood glucose levels in STZ-NA-induced hyperglycemic rats were investigated in 2-h acute tests during fasting and postprandial states (with a glucose load). In addition, the potential inhibitory effect in vitro of enzymes involved in relevant pathways, such as gluconeogenesis (fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, FBPase and glucose-6-phosphatase, G6Pase), carbohydrate breakdown (intestinal α-glucosidases), and insulin sensitivity (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, PTP-1B) was evaluated. Acute toxicity tests were carried out and HPLC-SQ-TOF was used to analyze the chemical profiles of the plant extracts. RESULTS: In the fasting state, T. b, S. h, and E. b were as effective as glibenclamide in lowering blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats. Moreover, all three suppressed G6Pase and FBPase enzymatic activity by 90-97% and 80-91%, respectively. On the other hand, significant postprandial hypoglycemic efficacy was observed for E. b, S. h, and T. b. Based on the AUC values, T. b caused a reduction comparable to the therapeutic efficacy of repaglinide. When investigating the possible mechanisms of action involved in this activity, E. b, S. h, and T. b showed significant inhibition of PTP-1B in vitro (>70%). Finally, all plant extracts showed no signs of acute toxicity. Several compounds that may contribute to biological activities were identified, including phenolic acids and flavonoid glycosides. CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports the traditional use of T. b, E. b and S. h for the control of diabetes in the fasting and postprandial state. Moreover, these plants were found to be rich in bioactive compounds with hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities. On the other hand, J. p, showed a modest effect only in the fasting state and after 90 min. Further studies are needed to expand these results by analyzing the chemical composition and using complementary experimental models.
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Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Ayuno , Hipoglucemiantes , Extractos Vegetales , Periodo Posprandial , Animales , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Masculino , Irán , Ratas , Medicina Persa , Ratas Wistar , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Plantas Medicinales/química , Estreptozocina , Juniperus/químicaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Labisia pumila (Blume) Fern.-Vill, also known as Kacip Fatimah, is a traditional medicinal herb common throughout Southeast Asia. It is primarily used to facilitate childbirth and postpartum recovery in women. Additionally, it can also be used to treat dysentery, rheumatism, gonorrhea, and as an anti-flatulent. AIM OF THIS REVIEW: This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the traditional uses, botany, cultivation, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, practical applications, and potential uses of L. pumila (LP). Furthermore, we also explore the safety of this plant and its potential prospects for application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The keywords "Labisia pumila," "Kacip Fatimah," and "Marantodes pumilum" were used to collect relevant information through electronic searches (including Elsevier, PubMed, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science). RESULTS: This review summarizes 102 chemical components from different parts of the plant, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins, and other chemical components. In addition, we also address the associated cultivation conditions, traditional uses, pharmacological effects and toxicity. A large number of reports indicate that LP has various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, phytoestrogenic, anti-inflammtory, antimicrobial, anti-osteoporosis and anti-obesity properties. These results provide valuable references for future research on LP. In addition, LP is also a potential medicinal and edible plant, and is currently sold on the market as a dietary supplement. CONCLUSIONS: LP is a renowned traditional ethnic medicine with numerous pharmacological activities attributed to its bioactive components. Therefore, isolation and identification of the chemical components in LP can be a focus of our future research. Current studies have focused only on the effects of LP on estrogen deficiency-related diseases in women and bone diseases. There is no scientific evidence for other traditional uses. Therefore, it is important to further explore its pharmacological activities and fill the research gaps related to other traditional uses. Furthermore, research on its safety should be expanded to prepare clinical applications.
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Etnofarmacología , Medicina Tradicional , Fitoquímicos , Extractos Vegetales , Humanos , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/química , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Etnofarmacología/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Animales , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinales/química , Primulaceae/químicaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Incorporating rare and threatened healing plants from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) into modern medicine is a hopeful way to expand treatment choices and encourage the long-term use of plant resources. These plants have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a long time. They have powerful healing properties, including the ability to reduce inflammation and fight cancer. They also protect nerves and the heart. METHOD: A thorough study of all the scientific studies, clinical trials, ethnobotanical surveys, and conservation reports that were found were all looked at in relation to rare and threatened medical plants used in TCM. We looked through databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant pieces. Studies published in peer-reviewed journals, reports from reputable conservation organisations, and written down traditional knowledge were all considered to be relevant. RESULTS: Key results show that plants like Dendrobium, Panax notoginseng, Taxus chinensis, and Cistanche deserticola can be used as medicines and that there are good ways to protect them. Some of the conservation methods that have been named are agroforestry, community-based management, current breeding techniques, and sustainable gathering. Collaboration in research, clinical trials, personalised medicine, regulatory harmonisation, and public education programs are all part of the integration with modern medicine. These programs try to solve problems like scientific proof, protection, and cultural integration. CONCLUSION: When rare and threatened medical plants from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are used in modern medicine, it can improve health and help protect wildlife. Using both old information and new science discoveries together can lead to new treatments and long-term uses for these plant materials. Large-scale clinical studies, new ways of growing plants, and looking into how TCM herbs and regular drugs can work together should be the main topics of future study. For global healthcare to improve and for these important plant resources to be used in the long term, academics, healthcare workers, lawmakers, and local communities must work together.
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Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Especies en Peligro de Extinción , Medicina Tradicional China , Plantas Medicinales , Plantas Medicinales/química , Medicina Tradicional China/métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , HumanosRESUMEN
As a kind of tonic Chinese medicine with dual use in medicine and food, there is a large market demanding for Codonopsis pilosula. Taking one-year-old C. pilosula seedlings as materials, we conducted a field experiment to examine the effect of compound fertilizer (750 kg·hm-2), organic fertilizer (15 t·hm-2) and Streptomyces pactum Act12 agent (9 t·hm-2 Act12+10 t·hm-2 organic fertilizer) treatments on root morphology, secondary metabolite content and expression level of lobetyolin metabolic pathway gene of C. pilosula, to clarify the effects of three fertilizers on the root morphology and medicinal quality. Compared to the control (10 t·hm-2 organic fertilizer, conventional fertilization), three fertilization treatments could promote root growth and formation. All fertilization treatments promoted the accumulation of C. pilosula polysaccharides and secondary metabolites. Act12 agent significantly increased the content of lobetyolin, atractylenolideIII, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that three fertilization treatments increased the expression level of lobetyolin metabolic pathway genes, with Act12 agent treatment showing the most significant effect. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the expression level of CpHCT and CpFAD genes was significantly positively correlated with atractylenolide III content. In conclusion, three fertilization treatments could effectively improve the yield and quality of C. pilosula. Among the three treatments, Act12 agent performed better than that of compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer, which was an effective measure to increase the yield and quality of C. pilosula.
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Codonopsis , Fertilizantes , Raíces de Plantas , Streptomyces , Codonopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Codonopsis/metabolismo , Streptomyces/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptomyces/metabolismo , Streptomyces/genética , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Medicinales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantas Medicinales/metabolismo , Plantas Medicinales/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In early 2020, COVID-19 pandemic has mobilized researchers in finding new remedies including repurposing of medicinal plant products focusing on direct-acting antiviral and host-directed therapies. In this study, we performed an in vitro investigation on the standardized Marantodes pumilum extract (SKF7®) focusing on anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-inflammatory activities. METHODS: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of the SKF7® was evaluated in SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells and SARS-CoV-2-infected A549 cells by cytopathic effect-based assay and RT-qPCR, respectively. Target based assays were performed on the SKF7® against the S1-ACE2 interaction and 3CL protease activities. Anti-inflammatory activity of the SKF7® was evaluated by nitric oxide inhibitory and TLR2/TLR4 receptor blocker assays. RESULTS: The SKF7® inhibited wild-type Wuhan (EC50 of 21.99 µg/mL) and omicron (EC50 of 16.29 µg/mL) SARS-CoV-2 infections in Vero-E6 cells. The SKF7® also inhibited the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection in A549 cells (EC50 value of 6.31 µg/mL). The SKF7® prominently inhibited 3CL protease activity. The SKF7® inhibited the LPS induced-TLR4 response with the EC50 of 16.19 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our in vitro study highlighted anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-inflammatory potentials of the SKF7®. Future pre-clinical in vivo studies focusing on antiviral and immunomodulatory potentials of the SKF7® in affecting the COVID-19 pathogenesis are warranted.
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Antivirales , Extractos Vegetales , SARS-CoV-2 , Animales , Humanos , Antivirales/farmacología , SARS-CoV-2/efectos de los fármacos , Células Vero , Chlorocebus aethiops , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Células A549 , Plantas Medicinales/química , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Malasia , COVID-19 , Proteasas 3C de CoronavirusRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Herbal medicine has been used for the treatment of human and livestock ailments since ancient times. Numerous rural and urban communities in Ethiopia practice traditional medicine and transfer the knowledge verbally from generation to generation. Thus, this study was conducted to document the traditional medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge in Dibatie district, Metekel zone, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, western Ethiopia. METHODS: Three hundred seventy-four (374) informants from 11 kebeles (the smallest administrative units) were selected and participated in the data delivery. The ethnobotanical data collection was carried out using semi-structured interviews, preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, field observation, market surveys, and focus group discussions, including voucher specimen collections. The ethnobotanical data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage), ranking, comparison, and quantitative ethnobotanical techniques such as informant consensus factor, fidelity level index, Jaccard's coefficient of similarity, and use value index. RESULTS: A total of 170 plant species were recorded to treat 79 human and 29 livestock ailments. Fabaceae (with 20 species) and Asteraceae (with 18 species) were the most dominant medicinal plant families in the area. Most remedial plants were herbs (61 species, 35.88%), followed by shrubs (39 species, 22.94%). The majority (135 species, 79.41%) of medicinal plants were harvested from wild sources and mainly possessed multiple remedy parts (41.17%) that are usually prescribed in fresh form (60.13%). The most commonly reported human ailment was snake venom, while blackleg was mostly reported among livestock diseases. The herbal medicines were mostly administered orally (52.20%), followed by dermal (17.62%) application. Embelia schimperi Vatke, Glinus lotoides L., Haplosciadium abyssinicum Hochst., Mucuna melanocarpa Hochst. ex A. Rich., and Phragmanthera macrosolen (Steud. ex A. Rich.) M.G.Gilbert had the highest fidelity level values (100%) against the corresponding ailments. CONCLUSION: The study area is rich in a diversity of potential medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge. Thus, appropriate conservation actions and careful utilization are essential to counteract the rise of anthropogenic threats and to ensure the continuity of plants with the related indigenous knowledge. Additionally, the medicinal plants should be validated through experimentation to integrate local knowledge with modern medications.
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Etnobotánica , Medicinas Tradicionales Africanas , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinales , Etiopía , Plantas Medicinales/clasificación , Humanos , Medicinas Tradicionales Africanas/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Anciano de 80 o más Años , AnimalesRESUMEN
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of tea polyphenols (TP) and medicinal plant mixtures (Astragalus membranaceus + Lonicera japonica, Rheum officinale Bail + Scutellaria baicalensis + Platycladus orientalis) combined with astaxanthin (AST), benzoic acid (BA), and yeast complex on the health status of Eriocheir sinensis. Method: A total of 630 crabs (male crabs: 41.51 ± 1.63 g; female crabs: 47.27 ± 0.79 g) were randomly distributed into seven groups with three replicates (male: female, 1:1). These crabs were fed as follows for 8 weeks: basal diet (M1), M2 (M1 + 100 mg/kg TP), M3 (M1 + 2.0 g/kg A. membranaceus + 20 g/kg L. japonica), M4 (M1 + 2.5 g/kg R. officinale Bail + 1.5 g/kg S. baicalensis + 1.0 g/kg P. orientalis), and M5, M6, M7 (M2, M3 and M4 with 600 mg/kg AST +1.0 g/kg BA + 20 mg/kg yeast complex added, respectively). Results and discussion: The results showed that the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysosome (LZM) in the hemolymph were significantly increased in M5, M6, and M7 (P < 0.05), and the highest phagocytosis index (PI) and LZM activity were observed in M7 of female crabs. Moreover, the antioxidant indicators superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) of hepatopancreas were also significantly improved in M5, M6, and M7 (P < 0.05), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents showed an opposite trend. Furthermore, a morphological examination also showed the improved histological structure of hepatopancreas in M7, especially as seen in the clear lumens, no vacuolation, and integrity of the basal membrane of the hepatopancreatic tubule. Taken together, these results suggested that 2.5 g/kg R. officinale Bail, 1.5 g/kg S. baicalensis, and 1.0 g/kg P. orientalis in combination with 600 mg/kg AST, 1.0 g/kg BA, and 20 mg/kg yeast complex could improve the non-specific immunity, antioxidant capacity, and hepatopancreatic health of E. sinensis.
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Antioxidantes , Braquiuros , Suplementos Dietéticos , Hepatopáncreas , Plantas Medicinales , Animales , Braquiuros/inmunología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Masculino , Femenino , Plantas Medicinales/química , Hepatopáncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatopáncreas/inmunología , Hepatopáncreas/metabolismo , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Alimentación Animal/análisisRESUMEN
The Climate Suitability Index (CSI) can increase agricultural efficiency by identifying the high-potential areas for cultivation from the climate perspective. The present study develops a probabilistic framework to calculate CSI for rainfed cultivation of 12 medicinal plants from the climate perspective of precipitation and temperature. Unlike the ongoing frameworks based on expert judgments, this formulation decreases the inherent subjectivity by using two components: frequency analysis and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In the first component, the precipitation and temperature layers were prepared by calculating the occurrence probability for each plant, and the obtained probabilities were spatially interpolated using geographical information system processes. In the second component, PSO quantifies CSI by classifying a study area into clusters using an unsupervised clustering technique. The formulation was implemented in the Lake Urmia basin, which was distressed by unsustainable water resources management. By identifying clusters with higher CSI values for each plant, the results provide deeper insights to optimize cultivation patterns in the basin. These insights can help managers and farmers increase yields, reduce costs, and improve profitability.
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Clima , Plantas Medicinales , Lluvia , Plantas Medicinales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Agricultura/métodos , Inteligencia Artificial , Sistemas de Información Geográfica , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Traditional medicinal plants (TMPs) are a significant part of people's quality of life, offering a natural substitute for modern drugs with numerous side effects. In Tanzania, data on antiasthmatic TMPs are highly fragmented. This review, a comprehensive compilation of ethnobotanical research evidence, aimed to provide a thorough understanding of TMPs used by the locals for asthma management and identify species that have already been investigated in preclinical studies. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. To gather relevant literature on antiasthmatic TMPs used by Tanzanians, a web search using electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Academic Library, Web of Science, SciFinder, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and African Journals Online) was conducted. The scientific names were verified through the Plants of the World Online database, and the collected information was analysed for descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel software. The ethnomedicinal information was obtained from 24 different articles. Microsoft Excel software was used to analyse the data using descriptive statistics. A total of 62 TMPs belonging to 33 families were identified. Species of the Fabaceae (14.5%) and Rubiaceae families (8.1%) are the most utilized. The analysis revealed that trees (42.0%) and leaves (40.0%) are the most utilized life forms and plant parts, respectively. Most plant materials (59.7%) used to make remedies were collected from the wild environment. Decoction (55.0%) is the dominant preparation method of remedies, and the majority (69.0%) were orally administered. Of the recorded TMPs, 22.6% had their in vivo antiasthmatic activity reported in the literature. The review also highlighted the strategic significance of preparations of remedies made from TMPs for discovering and developing new antiasthmatic drugs. However, the need to identify the molecular targets of action and toxicological aspects of the TMPs should be considered.
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Asma , Etnofarmacología , Plantas Medicinales , Plantas Medicinales/química , Tanzanía , Humanos , Etnofarmacología/métodos , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Antiasmáticos/uso terapéutico , Medicinas Tradicionales Africanas/métodos , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Toxicity and resistance to chemotherapy used to treat leishmaniasis are increasing. Research on natural plant compounds has revealed their antileishmanial effects on certain Leishmania organisms. This review aimed to estimate the pooled IC50 values of medicinal plants with promising antileishmanial activity in Ethiopia. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to locate potential studies. Studies published in peer-reviewed journals and gray literature in university repositories before April 1, 2022, which included a full-length study reporting the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Ethiopian medicinal plants that were written in English were included. Conference proceedings, review articles, letters to the editor, and correspondence were excluded. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the GIVIMP critical appraisal tools. Heterogeneity between studies was verified using Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test statistics, and the effects were checked using Egger statistical test at a level of significance. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled IC50 of the medicinal plants. RESULTS: Six articles that were conducted in Ethiopia that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with a total of 62 in vitro experiments, were reviewed. The aggregated mean IC50 for medicinal plants in Ethiopia was 16.80 (95% CI: 12.44, 21.16) and 13.81 (95% CI: 13.12, 14.50) µg/mL for antipromastigote and antiamastigote activity, respectively. Aqueous was the significant preparation with IC50 of 0.53 (0.34, 0.73) µg/mL against promastigote and 0.98 (0.20, 1.76) µg/mL against the amastigote stage. DISCUSSION: This review indicated that the pooled mean of IC50 for Ethiopian medicinal plants against promastigotes and amastigotes was relatively low and showed better efficacy. This strongly suggests the need to focus on antipromastigote and antiamastigote medicinal plants in Ethiopia for the development of antileishmanial drugs. It is necessary to identify their active components, and their potential toxic effects can lead to the production of well-tolerated and safe drugs for leishmaniasis. The high heterogeneity is the limitation of this study. REGISTRATION: The review has been registered at Prospero with identification number CRD42022343543.
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Antiprotozoarios , Plantas Medicinales , Etiopía , Plantas Medicinales/química , Antiprotozoarios/farmacología , Antiprotozoarios/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Leishmaniasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Leishmania/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Water scarcity has become a serious challenge in many parts of the world due to increasing demands and the impacts of climate change. The agriculture sector globally accounts for a major portion of water consumption, yet it also holds substantial potential for water conservation. Among the most effective ways to conserve water is to cultivate low-water-demanding crops, such as medicinal plants (MPs), instead of water-demanding crops (WDC). However, the voluntary participation of farmers, largely influenced by socio-psychological drivers, is crucial for successfully implementing most water conservation programs and needs to be addressed. Therefore, the main objectives of this paper were: (1) to identify the determinants that explain farmers' intention and behavior in cultivating MPs instead of WDC; and (2) to examine the effectiveness and performance of an extended version of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in predicting farmers' intention and behavior toward cultivating MPs by innovatively incorporating four new variables into the original TPB model: perceived barriers, moral norms, compatibility, and relative advantage. The applicability of the theoretical framework was evaluated in the Sojasroud Plain, Zanjan province, Iran. The results of the structural equation modeling revealed that: (1) farmers' intention to cultivate MPs instead of WDC is significantly influenced by perceived barriers, moral norms, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control (the strongest predictor); and (2) farmers' behavior in cultivating MPs instead of WDC is predicted by relative advantage, compatibility, and intention (the most prominent determinant). The R2 values for predicting intention and behavior were 55% and 53%, respectively. Based on the results, some practical policies were proposed to increase the cultivation of MPs in the study area.
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Agricultores , Plantas Medicinales , Agricultores/psicología , Humanos , Agricultura , Irán , Intención , Productos Agrícolas , Agua , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Conservación de los Recursos Hídricos , Teoría del Comportamiento PlanificadoRESUMEN
Humans have been using plants in the treatment of various diseases for millennia. Currently, even with allopathic medicines available, numerous populations globally still use plants for therapeutic purposes. Although plants constitute a safer alternative compared to synthetic agents, it is well established that medicinal plants might also exert adverse effects. Thus, the present investigation aimed to assess the phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potential of two plants from the Brazilian Cerrado used in popular medicine, Davilla nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki, and Davilla elliptica (A. St.-Hil.). To this end, germination, growth, and cell cycle analyses were conducted using the plant model Lactuca sativa. Seeds and roots were treated with 0.0625 to 1 g/L for 48 hr under controlled conditions. The germination test demonstrated significant phytotoxic effects for both species at the highest concentrations tested, while none of the extracts produced significant effects in the lettuce growth test. In the microscopic analyses, the aneugenic and cytotoxic action of D. elliptica was evident. In the case of D. nitida greater clastogenic action and induction of micronuclei, (MN) were noted suggesting that the damage initiated by exposure to these extracts was not repaired or led to apoptosis. These findings indicated that the observed plant damage was transmitted to the next generation of cells by way of MN. These differences in the action of the two species may not be attributed to qualitative variations in the composition of the extracts as both are similar, but to quantitative differences associated with synergistic and antagonistic interactions between the compounds present in these extracts.
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Dilleniaceae , Lactuca , Extractos Vegetales , Plantas Medicinales , Plantas Medicinales/toxicidad , Plantas Medicinales/química , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Lactuca/efectos de los fármacos , Lactuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dilleniaceae/química , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Brasil , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Traditional herbal medicine, rooted in a long history of use in East Asia, combines several herbs to create treatments showing high efficacy with minimal side effects, for specific diseases. Such combination therapies represent a potential reservoir of new drugs for treating multifactorial and incurable chronic diseases. However, the complexity of their mechanisms of action due to the combination of multiple compounds, has limited their research integration into modern pharmacological science. To address this challenge, we constructed drug-induced transcriptome data for herbal medicines through systematic experiments, analyzed with the aid of various omics databases. We introduce KORE-Map 1.0 (Korean medicine Omics Resource Extension Map), the first comprehensive resource of drug-derived transcriptome data for representative tonifying herbal medicines, effective in enhancing the immune system. This dataset aims to provide novel insights into the combinatorial mechanisms of these herbal medicines and to aid in the discovery of new therapeutic targets and indications for various incurable diseases.
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Transcriptoma , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional Coreana , Plantas Medicinales/genética , Medicina de HierbasRESUMEN
Swietenia macrophylla fruit is a valuable and historically significant medicinal plant with anti-hypertension and anti-diabetes. We identified a toxic component, Febrifugin, from the edible part of the nut following zebrafish toxicity-guided isolation. Febrifugin is a mexicanolide-type limonoid compound. The toxic factor induced acute toxicity in zebrafish, including yolk sac edema and pericardial edema, reduced body length, decreased melanin deposition, and presented acute skeletal developmental issues. Further exploration of the acute toxicity mechanism through metabolomics revealed that Febrifugin caused significant changes in 13 metabolites in zebrafish larvae, which are involved in the pentose phosphate, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and amino acid biosynthesis. The bioassay of oxidative stress capacity and qRT-PCR measurement showed that the compound significantly affected the h6pd gene in the pentose phosphate pathway and the mRNA expression of cs, idh3a, fh, and shda genes in the TCA cycle, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and a notable decrease in glutathione (GSH) activity in zebrafish. These findings provide a basis for the rational use of S. macrophylla as a medicinal plant and raise awareness of the safety of medicinal plants.
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Metabolómica , Pez Cebra , Animales , Pez Cebra/metabolismo , Metabolómica/métodos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Meliaceae/química , Limoninas/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Nueces/química , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Metaboloma , Plantas Medicinales/química , Ciclo del Ácido Cítrico/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión/metabolismoRESUMEN
Morus alba L. is a tradition medical and edible plant. It is rich in many important bioactive components. However, there is a dearth of systematic information about the components. Here, the Mori Cortex, Mori Folium, Mori Fructus, and Mori Ramulus were studied. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) is used to study primary and secondary metabolites. Eight hundred two metabolites were identified and classified into 10 different categories in total. Correlation analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and principal component analysis of metabolites showed that different parts of the sample could be significantly different. In different medicinal parts, alkaloids accounted for 4.0%, 3.6%, 5.1%, and 4.5%; flavonoids accounted for 0.7%, 27.2%, 5.6%, 1.2%; terpenes accounted for 20.1%, 2.1%, 2.6%, 2.5%. Furthermore, the abundance of phenols, phenylpropanoids, and lipids metabolites sequentially accounted for 2.3-4.4%, 0.5-1.8%, and 2.4-5.3%. These results have improved our understanding of metabolites and provided a reference for research on the medicinal and edible value of Morus alba L. In addition, the study reveals the correlation between the components of Traditional Chinese medicine and the basic theory of TCM properties and reinterprets the ancient wisdom in the world's traditional herbs through the perspective of modern science.
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Metabolómica , Morus , Morus/química , Morus/metabolismo , Metabolómica/métodos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Plantas Medicinales/metabolismo , Plantas Medicinales/química , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Flavonoides/análisis , Metaboloma , Espectrometría de Masas , Análisis de Componente Principal , Alcaloides/metabolismo , Alcaloides/análisis , Alcaloides/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Fenoles/metabolismo , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Terpenos/metabolismo , Terpenos/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Phytogenic additives would be helpful to alleviate the adverse effect of Campylobacter jejuni on the performance and physiological responses of broiler chickens. OBJECTIVE: This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of Echinacea purpurea (EP) and Thymbra spicata (TS) on the performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemistry, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota and immune responses of broilers challenged with C. jejuni from 0 to 42 days of age. METHODS: A total of 240 male broiler chickens were divided into 6 groups and fed various diets: a control diet; the control diet supplemented with EP at 0.25% (EP25) or 0.50% (EP50); the control diet supplemented with TS at 0.25% (TS25) and 0.50% (TS50); or the control diet containing erythromycin at 55 ppm. Chicks were orally challenged with C. jejuni on Days 21 and 23 of age. RESULTS: EP and TS25 diets enhanced European production efficiency factor, feed conversion ratio and digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. TS25 increased duodenal villous height (VH) and surface area on Day 42 of age. EP25 diet increased ileal VH compared to control and erythromycin diets. Diets containing certain EP25 and TS increased the Bifidobacterium population and decreased C. jejuni population on Day 39 of age. EP50 and TS50 diets increased antibody titration against Newcastle disease virus. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, EP and TS dietary supplementation improved performance, microflora, intestinal morphology and immune responses in C. jejuni-challenged broilers.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Infecciones por Campylobacter , Campylobacter jejuni , Pollos , Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Animales , Pollos/fisiología , Pollos/inmunología , Campylobacter jejuni/efectos de los fármacos , Campylobacter jejuni/fisiología , Infecciones por Campylobacter/veterinaria , Infecciones por Campylobacter/prevención & control , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Masculino , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Echinacea/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The field of traditional medicine encompasses a wide range of knowledge, skills, and practices that are deeply rooted in the theories, beliefs, and experiences of different cultures. The research aimed to identify traditional medicinal plants used in Guraferda District and assess the threats they face. METHOD: A total of 96 individuals, 80 males and 16 females, were interviewed to gather ethnobotanical data. Statistical tests like independent t tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression were conducted using R software version 4.3.2 to compare informant groups. RESULT: The study found 81 medicinal plant species in the district from 71 genera and 38 families, with Asteraceae and Solanaceae families having the most species. Leaves were the most commonly used plant part for medicine. Significant differences in plant knowledge were observed across genders, age groups, education levels, and experiences. The highest ICF value was for Dermal and Cutaneous ailments, and Cissampelos mucronata A. Rich and Bidens pilosa L. had the highest fidelity levels. CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the importance of traditional medicinal plants in treating ailments but noted threats like overharvesting, habitat destruction, and climate change. Conservation efforts and sustainable harvesting practices are crucial to ensure the availability of these plants for future generations. Further research is needed to explore their potential for modern medicine and develop sustainable use strategies.
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Etnobotánica , Plantas Medicinales , Plantas Medicinales/clasificación , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Etiopía , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medicinas Tradicionales Africanas/métodos , Fitoterapia , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en SaludRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Historical texts on materia medica can be an attractive source of ethnopharmacological information. Various research groups have investigated corresponding resources from Europe and the Mediterranean region, pursuing different objectives. Regardless of the method used, the indexing of textual information and its conversion into data sets useful for further investigations represents a significant challenge. AIM OF THE STUDY: First, this study aims to systematically catalogue pharmaco-botanical information in the Receptarium of Burkhard von Hallwyl (RBH) in order to identify candidate plants in a targeted manner. Secondly, the potential of RBH as a resource for pharmacological investigations will be assessed by means of a preliminary in vitro screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed a relational database for the systematic recording of parameters composing the medical recipes contained in the historical text. Focusing on dermatological recipes, we explored the mentioned plants and their uses by drawing on specific literature. The botanical identities (candidate species) suggested in the literature for the historical plant names were rated based on their plausibility of being the correct attribution. The historical uses were interpreted by consulting medical-historical and modern clinical literature. For the subsequent in vitro screening, we selected candidate species used in recipes directed at the treatment of inflammatory or infectious skin disorders and wounds. Plants were collected in Switzerland and their hydroethanolic crude extracts tested for possible cytotoxic effects and for their potential to modulate the release of IL-6 and TNF in PS-stimulated whole blood and PBMCs. RESULTS: The historical text analysis points up the challenges associated with the assessment of historical plant names. Often two or more plant species are available as candidates for each of the 161 historical plant names counted in the 200 dermatological recipes in RBH. On the other hand, our method enabled to draw conclusions about the diseases underlying the 56 medical applications mentioned in the text. On this basis, 11 candidate species were selected for in vitro screening, four of which were used in RBH in herbal simple recipes and seven in a herbal compound formulation. None of the extracts tested showed a noteworthy effect on cell viability except for the sample of Sanicula europaea L. Extracts were tested at 50 µg/mL in the whole blood assay, where especially Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik. or Solanum nigrum L. showed inhibitory or stimulatory activities. In the PBMC assay, the root of Vincetoxicum hirundinaria revealed a distinct inhibitory effect on IL-6 release (IC50 of 3.6 µg/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Using the example of RBH, this study illustrates a possible ethnopharmacological path from unlocking the historical text and its subsequent analysis, through the selection and collection of plant candidates to their in vitro investigation. Fully documenting our approach to the analysis of historical texts, we hope to contribute to the discussion on solutions for the digital indexing of premodern information on the use of plants or other natural products.
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Minería de Datos , Plantas Medicinales , Humanos , Suiza , Minería de Datos/métodos , Plantas Medicinales/química , Historia del Siglo XVI , Materia Medica/historia , Materia Medica/farmacología , Medicina Tradicional/historia , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Dermatología/historia , Dermatología/métodos , Fitoterapia/historiaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Every year, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for about 17.9 million deaths, making them the primary cause of both morbidity and mortality. Conventional drugs, which are often prescribed to treat cardiovascular diseases, are costly and have adverse effects. Consequently, dietary modifications and other medications are needed. Traditional use of Solanum indicum as cardiotonic to treat hypertension and anticoagulant potency has been reported but poorly evaluated scientifically. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study investigated the in vivo anticoagulant activity and mechanism of anticoagulation of quercetin (QC), a bioactive compound isolated from S. indicum (SI) hydroethanolic fruit extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bioassay-guided fractionation (anticoagulant activity) extracted QC from hydroethanolic SI extract. QC was extensively characterized biochemically and pharmacologically. The interaction between QC and thrombin was investigated using spectrofluorometric and isothermal calorimetric methods. Cytotoxicity, antiplatelet, and thrombolytic studies were carried out in vitro. The Swiss albino mice were used to assess the in vivo, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic activities of QC. RESULTS: QC exhibits anticoagulant activity via (i) uncompetitive inhibition of thrombin but not FXa with a Ki value of 33.11 ± 4.2 µM and (ii) a partial inhibition of thrombin-catalyzed platelet aggregation with an IC50 value of 13.2 ± 1.2 µM. The experimental validation of the in silico study's prediction of QC's binding to thrombin was confirmed by spectrofluorometric and isothermal calorimetric analyses. QC was nontoxic to mammalian, non-hemolytic cells and demonstrated thrombolytic activity by activating plasminogen. QC demonstrated in vivo anticoagulant efficacy, preventing k-carrageen-induced thrombus formation in mice's tails. In the acute circulatory stasis paradigm in mice, QC reduces thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) while increasing nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1 α). CONCLUSION: Effective in vivo anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties of S. indicum's bioactive component QC point to the plant's potential use as a herbal anticoagulant medication for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases linked to thrombosis.
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Anticoagulantes , Fibrinolíticos , Extractos Vegetales , Agregación Plaquetaria , Quercetina , Solanum , Animales , Quercetina/farmacología , Quercetina/aislamiento & purificación , Ratones , Fibrinolíticos/farmacología , Fibrinolíticos/aislamiento & purificación , Solanum/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Anticoagulantes/farmacología , Anticoagulantes/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Plantas Medicinales/química , Trombosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Trombosis/prevención & control , Frutas/química , Trombina , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/farmacología , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/aislamiento & purificación , Coagulación Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
In the past few years, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has brought many new inspirations to plant research. However, current MSI experiments usually include only a single batch of samples, casting doubts on the reproducibility of phytochemical distribution across different batches. Consequently, MSI has seldom been applied to conduct species discrimination. In this experiment, MSI was employed to discriminate between two taxonomically similar plants, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Scutellaria rehderiana Diels. A new concept termed a "spatial marker" was proposed in this article, which referred to the phytochemical marker that presented both intraspecies similarity and interspecies dissimilarity. Multiple batches of S. baicalensis and S. rehderiana were analyzed using MSI, proving that the authentication protocol using spatial markers was reliable and reproducible. The observed spatial markers were further identified using on-tissue tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Additionally, the spectral data collected from MSI were utilized to set up algorithm models for species discrimination. External validation confirmed that the established random forest model was extrapolated well to unknown samples. Overall, this investigation successfully explored the analytical applicability of MSI, facilitating rapid authentication of medicinal plants.