RESUMEN

We present our results on the synthesis and preliminary in silico and in vitro studies of the toxicology and antioxidant properties of selenylated analogs of Tacrine. Initially, we synthesized 2-aminobenzonitriles containing an organic selenium moiety, resulting in sixteen compounds with various substituents linked to the portion derived from diorganyl diselenide. These compounds were then used as substrates in reactions with cyclic ketones, in the presence of 1.4 equivalents of trifluoroboroetherate as a Lewis acid, to synthesize selenylated analogs of Tacrine with yields ranging from 20 % to 87 %. In silico studies explored computational parameters related to antioxidant activity and hepatotoxicity. In vitro studies elucidated the antioxidant effects of Tacrine and its selenium hybrid (TSe) in neutralizing ABTS radicals, scavenging DPPH radicals, and reducing iron ions. Additionally, the acute oral toxicity of one synthesized compound was evaluated.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Compuestos de Bifenilo , Picratos , Tacrina , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/síntesis química , Tacrina/química , Tacrina/farmacología , Tacrina/síntesis química , Animales , Picratos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Picratos/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Estructura Molecular , Ratas , Masculino , Benzotiazoles/química , Benzotiazoles/síntesis química , Simulación por Computador , Ácidos Sulfónicos/química , Ácidos Sulfónicos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Compuestos de Organoselenio/química , Compuestos de Organoselenio/farmacología , Compuestos de Organoselenio/síntesis química , Compuestos de Organoselenio/toxicidad

RESUMEN

In this work, the hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts from Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi were utilized to green-synthesize silver nanoparticles (Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs). The Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs were characterized by spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was studied against bacteria strains, utilizing the microdilution assay. The DPPH and H2O2 assays were considered to assess the antioxidant activity of AgNPs. The results revealed that Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs exhibit an average diameter of 39.9, 111, and 42 nm, respectively. The calculated ζ-potential of Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs were -20.5, -10.6, and -7.9 mV, respectively. The UV-vis analysis of the three samples demonstrated characteristic absorption bands within the range of 350-450 nm, which confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The FTIR analysis of AgNPs exhibited a series of bands from 3500 to 750 cm-1, related to the presence of extracts on their surfaces. SEM observations unveiled that Kf1- and Kf2-AgNPs adopted structural arrangements related to nano-popcorns and nanoflowers, whereas Kf3-AgNPs were spherical in shape. It was determined that treatment with Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs was demonstrated to inhibit the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent manner (50-300 µg/mL). Within the same range, treatment with Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs decreased the generation of DPPH (IC50 57.02-2.09 µg/mL) and H2O2 (IC50 3.15-3.45 µg/mL) radicals. This study highlights the importance of using inorganic nanomaterials to improve the biological performance of plant extracts as an efficient nanotechnological approach.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Antioxidantes , Tecnología Química Verde , Kalanchoe , Nanopartículas del Metal , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales , Plata , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Plata/química , Plata/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Kalanchoe/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/síntesis química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Picratos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Picratos/química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/crecimiento & desarrollo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno

RESUMEN

Chicken meat production has increased over the years, leading to a proportional increase in waste generation, which often contains high levels of proteins, such as viscera. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis of chicken viscera proteins as a strategy to value solid waste from the poultry industry. The hydrolysates were characterized for their antioxidant properties and molecular weight distribution. Additionally, the enzymatic hydrolysis process was scaled up from 125 mL flasks with 50 mL of protein solution to 3 L using a 6 L bioreactor. The enzymatic hydrolysis of chicken viscera proteins using a binary mixture of proteases (85.25 U/mL of each enzyme, Alcalase and Flavourzyme, totaling 170.5 U/mL) resulted in an increase of up to 245% in 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, 353% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) in radical scavenging, 69% in Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP) and 146% in total reducing capacity (TRC). The antioxidant properties of the protein hydrolysates are preserved during the scale-up of enzymatic hydrolysis. Protein fractions smaller than 5 kDa showed the highest ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities, while fractions greater than 30 kDa showed the best results for the FRAP method.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Pollos , Hidrolisados de Proteína , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Hidrólisis , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacología , Hidrolisados de Proteína/metabolismo , Vísceras/metabolismo , Vísceras/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Subtilisinas/metabolismo , Subtilisinas/química , Picratos/química , Ácidos Sulfónicos/química , Benzotiazoles/química , Reactores Biológicos , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Endopeptidasas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The antibacterial and antioxidant packaging films were fabricated by incorporating licorice residue extracts (LREs) into oxidized starch (OS) films. The bioactive fraction (BF) was firstly obtained from LREs by using bioassay-guided isolation method. The BF showed potent anti-Gram(+) bacteria effects, especially against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with MIC of 32.5 µg/mL. The present results also indicated that the addition of BF could significantly decrease the moisture content, water vapor permeability, light transmittance of OS films. Notably, the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of OS films significantly enhanced with the concentration of BF increasing. Moreover, the films with the highest concentration of BF showed the lowest tensile strength (4.23 MPa) and the highest elongation at break (63.89%). Meanwhile, the bioactive films could release bioactive compounds such as licochalcone A and licochalcone B into the alcoholic and fatty food simulants. Taken together, the active OS films containing LREs have the potential for application in food packaging films, due to its potential against MRSA and antioxidant activity as well as good physicochemical properties.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Embalaje de Alimentos , Glycyrrhiza , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Almidón/química , Residuos , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Glycyrrhiza/química , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Oxidación-Reducción , Picratos/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Resistencia a la Tracción , Agua/química

RESUMEN

Essential oils (EOs) were extracted from Eugenia patrisii, E. punicifolia, and Myrcia tomentosa, specimens A and B, using hydrodistillation. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify the volatile constituents present, and the antioxidant capacity of EOs was determined using diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. For E. patrisii, germacrene D (20.03%), bicyclogermacrene (11.82%), and (E)-caryophyllene (11.04%) were identified as the major constituents of the EOs extracted from specimen A, whereas specimen B primarily comprised γ-elemene (25.89%), germacrene B (8.11%), and (E)-caryophyllene (10.76%). The EOs of E. punicifolia specimen A contained ß-Elemene (25.12%), (E)-caryophyllene (13.11%), and bicyclogermacrene (9.88%), while specimen B was composed of (E)-caryophyllene (11.47%), bicyclogermacrene (5.86%), ß-pinene (5.86%), and γ-muurolene (5.55%). The specimen A of M. tomentosa was characterized by γ-elemene (12.52%), germacrene D (11.45%), and (E)-caryophyllene (10.22%), while specimen B contained spathulenol (40.70%), α-zingiberene (9.58%), and γ-elemene (6.89%). Additionally, the chemical composition of the EOs was qualitatively and quantitatively affected by the collection period. Furthermore, the EOs of the studied specimens, especially specimen A of E. punicifolia, showed a greater antioxidant activity in DPPH rather than TEAC, as represented by a significantly high inhibition percentage (408.0%).

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/farmacología , Eugenia/metabolismo , Myrtaceae/metabolismo , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Técnicas de Química Analítica/métodos , Cromanos/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Aceites Volátiles/química , Picratos/química , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/análisis , Sesquiterpenos/análisis , Sesquiterpenos de Germacrano/análisis

RESUMEN

There is a growing environmental concern in the world for replacing the traditional petroleum-based products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the structure - property relationship of banana peel lignins (BPLs) as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents by controlling the parameters of organosolv process. The milled banana peel was hydrolyzed using an aqueous acetic acid solution (70, 80 and 90% v/v) and 2.0% v/v HCl at 110 °C for 1, 2 and 3 h. BPLs were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 1H13C HSQC, 31P NMR, GPC and TGA. The antioxidant capacity of BPLs was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 assays, comparing their performance with that of ascorbic and gallic acid. The antimicrobial activity of BPLs was evaluated against E. coli. The reaction time and acetic acid/water ratio had significant effects on the yield and purity of BPLs. The composition of organosolv solution also affected their total amount of hydroxyls (0.71-0.82 mmol g-1), Mw (2759-3954 g mol-1), Tonset (232-254 °C), antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. It can be concluded that the control of organosolv parameters can be a useful tool for tuning the structural features of lignins and to maximize their performance.

Asunto(s)

Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Lignina/farmacología , Musa/química , Solventes/química , Temperatura , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Benzotiazoles/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Hongos/efectos de los fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Lignina/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Peso Molecular , Picratos/química , Soluciones , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Ácidos Sulfónicos/química , Termogravimetría

RESUMEN

The objective of this paper is to compare conventional, ultrasound, microwave, and French press methods for the extraction of antioxidant compounds from Decatropis bicolor in an aqueous medium. This plant is widely used in Mexican traditional medicine for breast cancer treatment. Despite that, there are few studies on D. bicolor. Two response surface designs were applied to establish the best conditions of the liberation of antioxidants from D. bicolor, which were determined by DPPH• and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) techniques. The total phenolic content was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results showed that D. bicolor is a source of antioxidants (669-2128 mg ET/100 g and 553-1920 mg EFe2+/100 g, respectively) and phenolic compounds (2232-9929 mg EGA/100 g). Among the physical factors that were analyzed, the temperature was the determinant factor to liberate the compounds of interest by using low concentrations of the sample and short times of extraction. The French press was the most efficient method, obtaining values of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds even higher than those reported by using extraction methods with solvents such as methanol.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Bioquímica/métodos , Rutaceae/química , Agua/química , Antioxidantes/análisis , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Hierro/química , Microondas , Fenoles/análisis , Picratos/química , Ultrasonido

RESUMEN

The irrational use of medications has increased the incidence of microbial infections, which are a major threat to public health. Moreover, conventional therapeutic strategies are starting to become ineffective to treat these infections. Hence, there is a need to develop and characterize novel antimicrobial compounds. Phytochemicals are emerging as a safe and accessible alternative to conventional therapeutics for treating infectious diseases. Curcumin is extracted from the dried rhizome of the spice turmeric (Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae)). However, the bioavailability of curcumin is low owing to its lipophilic property and thus has a low therapeutic efficacy in the host. A previous study synthesized structural variants of curcumin, which are called monocurcuminoids (CNs). CNs are synthesized based on the chemical structure of curcumin with only one methyl bridge. The biological activities of four previously synthesized CNs (CN59, CN63, CN67, and CN77), curcumin, and turmeric powder were examined in this study. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of curcumin and turmeric powder revealed similar peaks, which indicated the presence of curcumin in turmeric powder. The antioxidant activity of the test compounds was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays. The ABTS radical scavenging activities of the test compounds were similar to those of vitamin C. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the test compounds against seven microbial strains were in the range of 4.06-150 µg/mL. The MIC value was equal to minimum bactericidal concentration value for CN63 (150 µg/mL) and CN67 (120 µg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus. The treatment combination of CN77 (8.75 or 4.37 µg/mL) and turmeric powder (9.37 or 4.68 µg/mL) exerted synergistic growth-inhibiting effects on Aeromonas hydrophila, Candida albicans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Photodynamic therapy using 2X MIC of CN59 decreased the growth of Enterococcus faecalis by 4.18-fold compared to the control group and completely inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli. The results of the hemolytic assay revealed that the test compounds were not cytotoxic with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 49.65-130.9 µM. The anticoagulant activity of most compounds was comparable to that of warfarin but higher than that of heparin. This indicated that these compounds target the intrinsic coagulation pathway. These results demonstrated that these CNs are a safe and promising alternative for curcumin.

Asunto(s)

Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bioprospección , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Diarilheptanoides/farmacología , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Animales , Antiinfecciosos/síntesis química , Antiinfecciosos/toxicidad , Antioxidantes/síntesis química , Antioxidantes/toxicidad , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Benzotiazoles/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Coagulación Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Diarilheptanoides/síntesis química , Diarilheptanoides/toxicidad , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Hemólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/síntesis química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/toxicidad , Picratos/química , Oveja Doméstica , Ácidos Sulfónicos/química

RESUMEN

This work describes the synthesis of three new ruthenium(ii) complexes with gallic acid and derivatives of the general formula [Ru(L)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6, where L = gallate (GAC), benzoate (BAC), and esterified-gallate (EGA), bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine and dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, NMR, cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis and IR spectroscopy, and two of them by X-ray crystallography. Cell viability assays show promising results, indicating higher cytotoxicity of the complexes in MDA-MB-231 cells, a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, compared with the hormone-dependent MCF-7 cell line. Studies in vitro with the MDA-MB-231 cell line showed that only Ru(BAC) and Ru(GAC) interacted with BSA. Besides that, the Ru(GAC) complex, which has a polyphenolic acid, interacted in an apo-Tf structure and function dependent manner and it was able to inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species. Ru(GAC) was able to cause damage to the cellular cytoskeleton leading to inhibition of some cellular processes of TNBC cells, such as invasion, migration, and adhesion.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Ácido Gálico/farmacología , Piridinas/farmacología , Rutenio/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Citoesqueleto de Actina/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Apoproteínas/metabolismo , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Ácido Gálico/química , Humanos , Ratones , Picratos/química , Piridinas/química , Rutenio/química , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/metabolismo , Transferrina/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patología

RESUMEN

Solieria filiformis has been reported to have molecules with various biological activities. In this study we used environmentally friendly extraction methods, such as enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), as a first step to obtain bioactive compounds from this species. Five combinations of protease (PRO) and carbohydrase (AMG) were utilized (1:0, 0:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 PRO:AMG) to obtain Water Soluble Enzymatic Hydrolysates (WSEHs). Extraction yields, biochemical and structural characterization, as well as in vitro activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and antioxidant capacities were determined. All PRO:AMG combinations significantly improved yields. EAE yielded heterogeneous extracts rich in iota-carrageenan and phenols, as confirmed by FTIR spectra. The highest antiherpetic activity (EC50 4.5 ± 0.4 µg mL-1) was found in the WSEHs obtained under 2:1 PRO:AMG. At this combination high antioxidant capacity was also obtained for ABTS (2,2'-Azino-Bis-3-ethylbenzoThiazoline-6-Sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). These could probably play a synergistic role associated to the strong antiviral activity obtained. These results suggest that 2:1 PRO:AMG could be effective in promoting the hydrolytic breakdown of high MW polysaccharides, contributing to the improvement of WSEHs bioactivity. Although Solieria filiformis WSEHs showed promising results, further research, including separation and purification techniques are needed.

Asunto(s)

Carragenina/química , Carragenina/farmacología , Rhodophyta/enzimología , Antioxidantes/química , Antivirales/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/química , Picratos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Rhodophyta/química

RESUMEN

The essential oil (EO), the methanolic (MeOH), and the 70% ethanolic (70% EtOH) extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Ocimum campechianum Mill. (Ecuador) were chemically characterized through gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array-mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC-DAD-MS) and studied for their in vitro biological activity. The radical scavenger activity, performed by spectrophotometric 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, highlighted significant IC50 values for the EO, extracts and their main constituents (eugenol and rosmarinic acid). EO (and eugenol) showed noteworthy activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and a moderate effect against clinical Candida strains, with possible synergism in association to fluconazole against the latter microorganisms. The extracts and pure molecules exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against the HaCat cell line and no mutagenicity against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, giving indication of safety. Instead, EO showed a weak activity against adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549). The above-mentioned evidence leads us to suggest a potential use of the crude drug, extracts, and EO in cosmetic formulation and food supplements as antioxidant agents. In addition, EO may also have a possible application in plant protection and anti-Candida formulations.

Asunto(s)

Cinamatos/farmacología , Depsidos/farmacología , Eugenol/farmacología , Ocimum/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Células A549 , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Benzotiazoles/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Ecuador , Fluconazol/farmacología , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Mutagénesis , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Picratos/química , Ácidos Sulfónicos/química , Ácido Rosmarínico

RESUMEN

Mangifera indica Linn popularly known as mango is used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolomic composition of lyophilized extract of mango leaf (MIE), to evaluate the antioxidant activity on several oxidative stress systems (DPPH, FRAP, TBARS, and ABTS), the spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, and intestinal protective effect on oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in rat ileum. Twenty-nine metabolites were identified and characterized based on their ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry, these include: benzophenone derivatives, xanthones, phenolic acids, fatty acids, flavonoids and procyanidins. Extract demonstrated a high antioxidant activity in in-vitro assays. MIE relaxed (p < 0.001) intestinal segments of rat pre-contracted with acetylcholine (ACh) (10-5 M). Pre-incubation of intestinal segments with 100 µg/mL MIE significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the contraction to H2O2. Similar effects were observed with mangiferin and quercetin (10-5 M; p < 0.05) but not for gallic acid. Chronic treatment of rats with MIE (50 mg/kg) for 28 days significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the H2O2-induced contractions. MIE exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, which could contribute to its use as an alternative for the management of several intestinal diseases related to oxidative stress.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/farmacología , Íleon/efectos de los fármacos , Mangifera/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Animales , Benzofenonas/química , Benzotiazoles/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Ácido Gálico/farmacología , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Peroxidación de Lípido , Masculino , Metabolómica , Modelos Biológicos , Estrés Oxidativo , Parasimpatolíticos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Picratos/química , Quercetina/farmacología , Ratas , Ácidos Sulfónicos/química , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química , Xantonas/química

RESUMEN

In addition to their own antioxidants, human cells feed on external antioxidants, such as the phenolic compounds of fruits and vegetables, which work together to keep oxidative stress in check. Sechium edule, an edible species of chayote, has phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity and antineoplastic activity. A Sechium hybrid shows one thousand times greater antineoplastic activity than edible species, but its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and the content of phenolic compounds are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of the extract of fruits of the Sechium hybrid in vitro and in vivo. Phytochemical analysis using HPLC showed that the extract of the Sechium hybrid has at least 16 phenolic compounds; galangin, naringenin, phloretin and chlorogenic acid are the most abundant. In an in vitro assay, this extract inhibited 2,2-diphenyl-L-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity and protected the dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) phospholipid model cell membrane from oxidation mediated by hypochlorous acid (HClO). In vivo, it was identified that the most abundant metabolites in the extract enter the bloodstream of the treated mice. On the other hand, the extract reduces the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but increases interleukin-10 (IL-10) and glutathione peroxidase levels. Our findings indicate that intake of the fruits of the Sechium hybrid leads to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model. Therefore, these results support the possibility of exploring the clinical effect of this hybrid in humans.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/química , Frutas/química , Interleucina-10/química , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/química , Animales , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Glutatión Peroxidasa/química , Humanos , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Ratones , Fosfatidiletanolaminas/química , Picratos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química

RESUMEN

C. citratus essential oil and carvacrol have shown an antitumor effect on breast tumor cell lines; the main objective of this research was to evaluate the antitumor effect of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (EOCc) and carvacrol on 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in female rats. Cancer was induced by a single administration of DMBA at dose of 80 mg/kg body weight (BW). A total of 54 female Holtzman rats were randomly assigned into 9 groups (n = 6). Group I: PS (Physiological saline); Group II: DMBA; Groups III, IV, and V: DMBA + EOCc at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day BW, respectively; Groups VI, VII, and VIII: DMBA + carvacrol at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day BW, respectively; and group IX: DMBA + EOCc + carvacrol at doses of 100 mg/kg/day BW. The treatment lasted 14 weeks. As results, EOCc showed a reduction in tumors as well as necrosis and mitosis. Animals treated with carvacrol did not show necrosis, mitosis, or infiltration. Carvacrol at dose of 100 mg/kg/day BW revealed a significant decrease in the cumulative tumor volume down to 0.11 ± 0.05 cm3 compared to 0.38 ± 0.04 cm3 of the DMBA group (p < 0.01). It is concluded that EOCc and carvacrol had an antitumor effect on DMBA-induced breast cancer in female rats.

Asunto(s)

Cymbopogon/química , Cimenos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Aceites Volátiles/uso terapéutico , 9,10-Dimetil-1,2-benzantraceno , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinogénesis/patología , Femenino , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/patología , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Picratos/química , Ratas Sprague-Dawley

RESUMEN

This study reports the first phytochemical and biological characterization in treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma cells (H295R) of extracts from Nidularium procerum, an endemic bromeliad of Atlantic Forest vulnerable to extinction. Extracts of dry leaves obtained from in vitro-grown plants were recovered by different extraction methods, viz., hexanoic, ethanolic, and hot and cold aqueous. Chromatography-based metabolite profiling and chemical reaction methods revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, lipids, vitamins, among other antioxidant and antitumor biomolecules. Eicosanoic and tricosanoic acids, α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) and scutellarein were, for the first time, described in the Nidularium group. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts contained the highest phenolic content (107.3 mg of GAE.100 g-1) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, respectively. The immunomodulatory and antitumoral activities of aqueous extracts were assessed using specific tests of murine macrophages modulation (RAW 264.7) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against adrenocortical carcinoma cell line, respectively. The aqueous extract improved cell adhesion and phagocytic activities and phagolysossomal formation of murine macrophages. This constitutes new data on the Bromeliaceae family, which should be better exploited to the production of new phytomedicines for pharmacological uses.

Asunto(s)

Bromeliaceae/química , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Animales , Apigenina/metabolismo , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones , Picratos/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Vitamina E/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Medium and high polarity extracts from Maytenus species are known to contain polyphenolic compounds such as proanthocyanidins. The high polarity and structural complexity of these compounds make very difficult their isolation even by modern chromatographic techniques. Maytenus cajalbanica (Borhidi & O. Muñiz) Borhidi & O. Muñiz is endemic from Cuba. So far, there are reports neither of phytochemical work nor of biological evaluation of extracts from this subspecies. The goal of this work is to determine the polyphenolic profile and the antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract from the barks of Maytenus cajalbanica. FIA/ESI/IT/MSn analysis allowed the identification of 5 flavan-3-ol monomers, 33 proanthocyanidins, 2 free flavonoids and their respective glycosides as major compounds of the ethanolic extract, which showed a strong radical scavenging capacity and a significant ferric reduction power. FIA/ESI/IT/MSn technique led the rapid, effective and sensitive determination of the polyphenolic profile of Maytenus cajalbanica without previous separation.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/farmacología , Maytenus/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polifenoles/análisis , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Antioxidantes/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Etanol/química , Flavonoides/análisis , Glicósidos/análisis , Picratos/química , Corteza de la Planta/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Polifenoles/química , Proantocianidinas/análisis

RESUMEN

Asclepias linaria Cav. (Apocynaceae) is a shrubby plant endemic of Mexico which has been used in traditional medicine. However, the bioactive potential of this plant remains unexplored. In this study, the phenolic composition, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of A. linaria leaves were determined. In order to estimate the phenolic composition of the leaves, the total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannins contents were determined. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was measured by the scavenging activity of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid] (ABTS•+) radicals and the total antioxidant capacity. The phenolic compounds identified in the A. linaria leaves by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) include phenolic acids, such as p-coumaric and ferulic acid, as well as flavonoids, such as rutin and quercetin. The leaves' extracts of A. linaria showed a high scavenging activity of DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals (IC50 0.12 ± 0.001 and 0.51 ± 0.003 µg/mL, respectively), high total antioxidant capacity values (99.77 ± 4.32 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents/g of dry tissue), and had a cytotoxic effect against K562 and HL60 hematologic neoplasia cells lines, but no toxicity towards the normal mononuclear cell line was observed. These results highlight the potential of A. linaria and could be considered as a possible alternative source of anticancer compounds.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/química , Asclepias/química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/química , Benzotiazoles/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Cromatografía Liquida , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Humanos , Células K562 , Metanol/química , Fenoles/clasificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Picratos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Quercetina/química , Ácidos Sulfónicos/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem

RESUMEN

In the present study, aqueous extracts of Salvia africana, Salvia officinalis 'Icterina' and Savia mexicana origin were screened for their phenolic composition and for antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. The three aqueous extracts contained distinct phenolic compounds, with S. africana presenting the highest total levels (231.6 ± 7.5 µg/mg). Rosmarinic acid was the dominant phenolic compound in all extracts, yet that of S. africana origin was characterized by the present of yunnaneic acid isomers, which overall accounted for about 40% of total phenolics. In turn, S. officinalis 'Icterina' extract presented glycosidic forms of apigenin, luteolin and scuttelarein, and the one obtained from S. mexicana contained several simple caffeic acid derivatives. S. africana aqueous extract exhibited high antioxidant potential in four methods, namely the DPPH• (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging ability, iron-reducing power, inhibition of ß-carotene bleaching and of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), for which EC50 values were equal or only 1.3-3.1 higher than those of the standard compounds. Moreover, this extract was able to lower the levels of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages (EC50 = 47.8 ± 2.1 µg/mL). In addition, the three sage aqueous extracts showed promising cytotoxic effect towards hepatocellular HepG2, cervical HeLa, and breast carcinoma cells MCF-7. Overall this study highlights the potential of three little-exploited Salvia species, with commercial value for applications in food or pharmaceutical industries.

Asunto(s)

Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Fenoles/análisis , Salvia officinalis/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/farmacología , Canfanos , Cinamatos/química , Citotoxinas/farmacología , Depsidos/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Células HeLa , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Panax notoginseng , Fenoles/química , Fitoquímicos , Picratos/química , Picratos/farmacología , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Salvia officinalis/metabolismo , Ácido Rosmarínico

RESUMEN

In this study, the copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) reactivity for degradation of the reactive dye black 5 (RP5), picric acid (PA) and 2,4-D herbicide was evaluated. The RP5 degradation occurred by oxidative via, through hydroxyl radicals generated in situ, with active participation of Cu(I) and H2O2. The use of catalase confirmed the hydrogen peroxide formation in situ. Reduction degradation via electron transfer was also possible. On the other hand, PA had low degradation efficiency (less than 20%) under any conditions studied (similar to those used for RP5). High degradation efficiency for 2,4-D was achieved by the association of the Cu NPs/H2O2. Thus, the behavioral model of Cu NPs has been proven. This behavioral difference of the chemical species to be degraded in relation to the behavior of the Cu NPs was studied, evaluating its redox behavior by voltammetric analyzes. This study aided in the understanding and selection of the chemical species that can be degraded by these NPs.

Asunto(s)

Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético/química , Cobre/química , Nanopartículas/química , Naftalenosulfonatos/química , Picratos/química , Catalasa/metabolismo , Herbicidas/química , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Radical Hidroxilo , Oxidación-Reducción

RESUMEN

Ocotea minarum is a native plant from Brazil, popularly known as "canelinha" or "canela vassoura." The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the extracts of the bark and the leaves of O. minarum and to evaluate its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tanins, were quantified with the reagents Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminium chloride, and vanillin. The chemical profile was performed by HPLC-DAD. The minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated by the microdilution in a broth method. The antioxidant activity was measured by the capture of free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). In addition, protection against oxidative hemolysis and generation of malondialdehyde were evaluated in human erythrocytes. The composition of the extracts included the caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and rosmarinic acid, besides the flavonoids quercetin and luteolin. The EEL showed bacteriostatic action of 1000 µg/mL for all evaluated Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis, and the EHEB had a moderate antifungal action against Candida krusei and Cryptococcus gattii (250 µg/mL). IC50 values of 8.19 (EEL) and 4.51 µg/mL (EEB) in the assay with DPPH and 6.25 (EEL) and 2.87 µg/mL (EEB) in the assay with ABTS were obtained. Up to the 3rd hour of oxidative hemolysis testing induced by AAPH, the EEB and EEL had a protective action, reducing the malondialdehyde. In conclusion, the data indicate that the O. minarum extracts can be evaluated as bioactive supplies for the development of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress and microbial infections.

Asunto(s)

Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ocotea/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Benzotiazoles/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Cryptococcus gattii/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Picratos/química , Proteus mirabilis/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella enteritidis/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Sulfónicos/química