RESUMEN
This study used a He-Ne laser with pulsed light irradiation to produce mutant strains of Phellinus igniarius strain JQ9 with enhanced characteristics for fermentation (17.685 ± 3.092 g/L) compared with the parent strain (12.062 ± 1.119 g/L). The combined treatment conditions were as follows: He-Ne laser irradiation for 30 min using a spot diameter of 10 mm, pulsed light treatment power set at 100 J, a treatment distance of 14.5 cm, and a flash frequency of 0.5 s. The production of bioactive polysaccharides and small biocompounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and triterpenes increased together with mycelium production. The results showed that polyphenol content was significantly correlated with L*, a*, and b* values (R = -0.594, P < 0.01; R = 0.571, P < 0.01; and R = 0.500, P < 0.05; respectively). Antagonistic and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses indicated that the genetic material of the screened mutants was altered. The mutant screening using a He-Ne laser with pulsed light irradiation could be an effective method for the development of Phellinus strains and could thus improve mycelium production.
Asunto(s)
Láseres de Gas , Phellinus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Phellinus/efectos de la radiación , Colorimetría , Medios de Cultivo , Fermentación , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Mutagénesis , Micelio/química , Micelio/crecimiento & desarrollo , Micelio/efectos de la radiación , Phellinus/química , Phellinus/genética , Pigmentación , Polifenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Polisacáridos/metabolismo , Protoplastos , Triterpenos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Phellinus linteus (mushroom) grown on Rosa multiflora (PL@RM), exposed beneficial effect and safety on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from Korean folk remedies. However, its active chemical constituents and mechanism(s) against T2DM have not been confirmed. Hence, we deciphered the active compounds and mechanism(s) of PL@RM against T2DM through network pharmacology. GC-MS of PL@RM manifested 54 compounds and drug-likeness properties of these compounds were confirmed by Lipinski's rule. The compound (40) related genes were composed of Similarity Ensemble Approach (SEA) and SwissTargetPrediction (STP). The overlapping genes (61) between the two databases were identified. Besides, the T2DM related genes (4,736) were extracted from DisGeNet and OMIM database. In parallel, a Venn diagram was constructed between the overlapping genes (61) and T2DM related genes (4,736), and finally, 48 genes were picked. The interactive networks between compounds and overlapping genes were plotted and visualized by RStudio. In addition, KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis was evaluated by String. String analysis showed that the mechanisms of PL@RM against T2DM were related to 16 pathways, where inhibition of gluconeogenesis by inactivating metabolic pathways was noted as the hub pathway of PL@RM against T2DM. Besides, bubble chart indicated that activation of the AMPK signaling pathway might enhance the insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation, which is regarded the key signaling pathway of PL@RM against T2DM. Furthermore, the autodock vina revealed the promising binding affinity energy of the epicholesterol (the most drug-likeness compound) on HMGCR (hub gene). Overall, this work hints at the therapeutic evidence of PL@RM on T2DM, and this data expound the main chemical compounds and mechanisms of PL@RM against T2DM.
Asunto(s)
Factores Biológicos/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Phellinus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Rosa/microbiología , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/genética , Factores Biológicos/química , Factores Biológicos/aislamiento & purificación , Simulación por Computador , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Phellinus/química , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of certain grain medium conditions, such as carbon and nitrogen source addition, water content, and initial pH, on the hispidin production of Phellinus linteus using solid-state fermentation. The results showed that the highest hispidin yield, specific productivity of hispidin, and total content of hispidin were associated with sucrose and malt extract addition, 55% water content, and an initial pH of 5.5, which resulted in 0.290, 0.233, 0.301, and 0.296 mg/g dry weight of mycelium; 0.261, 0.191, 0.257, and 0.227 µg/mg week-1 specific productivity; and 46.01, 40.67, 58.85, and 55.06 mg/kg dry weight brown rice medium, respectively. Additionally, two combinations of culture conditions with pearl barley and black rice medium were tested for hispidin production. The highest hispidin yield, specific productivity of hispidin, and total hispidin content for pearl barley medium fermented using P. linteus were 3.88-fold, 4.86-fold, and 3.60-fold higher than those for the control (brown rice medium), respectively. Overall, this study shows that P. linteus hispidin production can be enhanced using solid-state fermentation, with optimal medium conditions.