RESUMEN
Otitis externa is an inflammatory disease of the external ear canal of complex and multifactorial etiology associated with recurrent bacterial infection. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of promethazine against bacterial isolates from dogs with otitis externa, as well as the effect of this compound on the dynamics of biofilm formation over 120 h. Planktonic bacterial susceptibility to promethazine was evaluated to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was also determined by broth microdilution. To evaluate the effect on biofilm growth, promethazine was tested at three concentrations MIC, MIC/2 and MIC/8, with daily readings at 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. The MICs of promethazine ranged from 48.83 to 781.25 µg mL-1. Promethazine significantly (P < 0.05) reduced mature biofilm biomass, with MBECs ranging from 48.8 to 6250 µg mL-1 and reduced (P < 0.01) biofilm formation for up to the 120-h, at concentrations corresponding to the MIC obtained against each isolate. Promethazine was effective against microorganisms associated with canine otitis externa. The data suggest that promethazine presents antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity and is a potential alternative to treat and prevent recurrent bacterial otitis in dogs. These results emphasize the importance of drug repurposing in veterinary otology as an alternative to reduce antimicrobial resistance.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Biopelículas , Enfermedades de los Perros , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Otitis Externa , Prometazina , Animales , Perros , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Prometazina/farmacología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Otitis Externa/microbiología , Otitis Externa/veterinaria , Otitis Externa/tratamiento farmacológico , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is a cytokine that regulates susceptibility to Leishmania infantum infection in humans and experimental models. This cytokine has not yet been described in canine leishmaniasis (CanL). Therefore, we investigated whether IL-27 has a regulatory role in CanL. The EBI3 and p28 subunits of IL-27 were measured in splenic leukocytes culture supernatant from dogs with CanL and compared to control dogs. We also correlated EBI3 and p28 levels with IL-21, anti-L. infantum antibodies and parasite loads. We performed functional assays followed by IL-27 blockade and measured parasite loads, production of cytokines in splenic leukocytes culture supernatant, and the expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, phospho-Stat-1/3, T-bet, GATA3 and nitric oxide production (NO). Both IL-27 subunits increased in the supernatant of dogs with CanL compared to control dogs. EBI3 and p28 levels showed a moderate positive correlation with IL-21 (r = 0.67, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.45, p < 0.012, respectively), and the EBI3 subunit was positively associated with anti-L. infantum IgG antibodies (r = 0.38, p < 0.040) and parasite load (r = 0.47, p < 0.009). IL-27 and IL-21 participate of immune responses in CanL. IL-27 may be associated with the failure of immunity to control parasite replication via upregulation of the expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, T-bet and NO in splenic leukocytes from dogs with CanL. These findings suggest that the pathways regulated by IL-27 are involved in CanL pathogenesis in the host, and may be targets for new therapies.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Interleucina-27 , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniasis Visceral , Carga de Parásitos , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Leishmania infantum/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Leishmaniasis Visceral/parasitología , Interleucina-27/metabolismo , Inmunidad Adaptativa , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/inmunología , Masculino , Bazo/inmunología , Bazo/parasitología , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Interleucinas/inmunología , Femenino , Citocinas/metabolismo , Leucocitos/inmunología , Leucocitos/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Wild animals and domestic dogs living in human dwellings near forested areas can share ectoparasites, including ticks. In this study, we surveyed ticks associated with dogs which tutors living in the Palmares Environmental Protection Area (EPA Palmares). Dogs were classified into three categories, domiciled, semi-domiciled and wandering dogs according to dog care/ type of dwelling. Ticks were collected monthly from January to December, 2020. Overall, 60 (33.9%) out of 177 examined dogs were infested by ticks. Six species of ticks were identified: Rhipicephalus linnaei, Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma sculptum, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma dubitatum and Rhipicephalus microplus. The overall prevalence and presence in semi-domicilied+wandering dogs was higher for A. aureolatum than for R. linnaei by the Chi-square statistic tests. A random sample of 50 ticks, collected from 22 different dogs, were processed through molecular analyses. Ticks were submitted to DNA extraction and also by PCR, using specific primers in order to pathogens monitoring. Four males of A. aureolatum yielded DNA sequences (350 bp) that were 100% identical to the type strain of Rickettsia bellii in GenBank (CP000087).
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Rhipicephalus , Infestaciones por Garrapatas , Animales , Perros , Brasil , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Femenino , Ixodidae , Masculino , Prevalencia , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/veterinaria , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/epidemiología , Rickettsia/aislamiento & purificación , Rickettsia/genéticaRESUMEN
Oral mucosal melanomas (OMMs) are aggressive neoplasms commonly found in dogs but rare in humans. Utilizing whole exome sequencing (WES), which focuses on protein-coding regions to reveal mutation profiles, we conducted a comparative analysis of canine OMM and human melanomas. This study involved DNA extraction, exome enrichment, and sequencing from three canine OMM cell lines (CMGD-2, CMGD-5, TLM-1), five canine OMM frozen samples, a human OMM cell line (MEMO), and a human commercial skin melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-28). The sequencing and subsequent analysis of FASTQ files yielded final variant files, leading to the identification of mutations. Our findings revealed a total of 500 mutated genes in canine OMM, including significant ones such as EP300, FAT4, JAK3, LRP1B, NCOR1, and NOTCH1. Notably, 82 shared mutations were identified between human melanomas and canine OMM genomes. These mutations were categorized based on the gene functions. The identification of these mutations provides critical insights that can pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for both canine and human OMM, offering hope for more effective treatments in the future.
Asunto(s)
Secuenciación del Exoma , Melanoma , Mucosa Bucal , Neoplasias de la Boca , Mutación , Perros , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/veterinaria , Melanoma/patología , Humanos , Animales , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/veterinaria , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Enfermedades de los Perros/genéticaRESUMEN
In recent years, vector-borne diseases have become widespread throughout the world and affect the health of humans and domestic animals. These diseases spread to areas where their primary vectors, fleas and ticks, thrive, particularly in tropical and subtropical climate regions, providing ideal conditions for their proliferation. The growing closeness between people and their pets increases the likelihood of bites from these ectoparasites, which represents a latent zoonotic risk. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the presence of Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Bartonella spp. in dogs treated at the Small Animal Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, located in Lima, Peru. Blood samples from 214 dogs were molecularly analyzed for hemopathogen detection. The results revealed prevalences of 2.6â¯% (6/214) for Anaplasma platys, 5.14â¯% (11/214) for Ehrlichia canis, and 0.46â¯% (1/214) for Bartonella rochalimae. No statistically significant relationship was found between the animal infection and the age, sex, breed, presence of fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), and locality. This study reported molecularly for the first time the presence of A. platys, E. canis, and B. rochalimae in dogs from Lima city, and demonstrates the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in pets treated at the veterinary clinic.
Asunto(s)
Anaplasma , Anaplasmosis , Infecciones por Bartonella , Bartonella , Enfermedades de los Perros , Ehrlichia , Animales , Perros , Perú/epidemiología , Anaplasma/genética , Anaplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Bartonella/genética , Bartonella/aislamiento & purificación , Ehrlichia/aislamiento & purificación , Ehrlichia/genética , Infecciones por Bartonella/veterinaria , Infecciones por Bartonella/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bartonella/microbiología , Anaplasmosis/epidemiología , Anaplasmosis/microbiología , Masculino , Femenino , Ehrlichiosis/veterinaria , Ehrlichiosis/epidemiología , Ehrlichiosis/microbiología , Prevalencia , Hospitales Veterinarios , Ehrlichia canis/genética , Ehrlichia canis/aislamiento & purificación , Garrapatas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Canine dirofilariosis is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease largely caused by Dirofilaria immitis. Mainly present in temperate, semitropical, and tropical areas, its worldwide emergence and spread are causing concern. In Argentina, most cases have been reported in humid regions of the center and northeast of the country. The occurrence of canine dirofilariosis in an arid environment of western Argentina was investigated by blood smears, microhematocrit tube test, and Knott's technique. Association and odds ratio were determined in relation to dog characteristics. Thirty-three dogs (51.6%) had microfilariae, morphologically identified as D. immitis. Knott's test was more sensitive in detecting the positive animals. The odds of harboring microfilariae were 12, 29, and 66 if the dog was male, adult (three to 6 years old), or older (> 7 years old), respectively. The prevalence of canine dirofilariosis herein reported outstands among the highest in Argentina and extends to the west its geographic distribution in the country. Far from being an exception, this epidemiological situation might reflect similar circumstances in several arid locations in the west and center of Argentina. Being this a disease of recent appearance in the region, both veterinarians and physicians should be aware of its potential to cause disease in animals and humans.
Asunto(s)
Dirofilaria immitis , Dirofilariasis , Enfermedades de los Perros , Animales , Perros , Argentina/epidemiología , Dirofilariasis/epidemiología , Dirofilariasis/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Dirofilaria immitis/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Femenino , Prevalencia , Clima DesérticoRESUMEN
Here we described a case of fatal canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in French Guiana, a non-endemic VL Amazonian area. The dog was a 2-year-old pug imported from Brazil to French Guiana. Initially seen for a pruriginous lesion on the muzzle which healed after treatment, the dog was in a deteriorated condition and had sublingual, foreleg and eye ulcers, one month later. A visceral leishmaniasis was suspected by the veterinarian. The dog was hospitalized awaiting results, which revealed the presence of L. infantum. However, the dog succumbed suddenly before the results were returned. Few imported and scarce autochthonous canine VL cases have been previously reported in French Guiana, raising the need for local epidemiological surveillance, considering the possibility of unusual transmission routes of the parasite.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniasis Visceral , Animales , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Leishmaniasis Visceral/diagnóstico , Leishmaniasis Visceral/parasitología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/tratamiento farmacológico , Perros , Guyana Francesa , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Leishmania infantum/aislamiento & purificación , Resultado Fatal , Brasil , Masculino , Enfermedades Transmisibles Importadas/parasitología , Enfermedades Transmisibles Importadas/veterinaria , Enfermedades Transmisibles Importadas/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Zoonotic sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis has become the main subcutaneous mycosis in Brazil. Minas Gerais (MG) is located in southeast Brazil and since 2015 has experienced an epidemic of zoonotic sporotrichosis. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to reconstruct the epidemiological scenario of sporotrichosis from S. brasiliensis in recent epizooty in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH), MG. METHODS: A total of 95 Sporothrix spp. isolates (Sporothirx brasiliensis n = 74, S. schenckii n = 11 and S. globosa n = 10) were subjected to Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping and mating-type analysis to determine genetic diversity and population structure. Of these, 46 S. brasiliensis isolates were recovered from animals (cats n = 41 and dogs n = 5) from MRBH. RESULTS: Our study describes the high interspecific differentiation power of AFLP-based genotyping between the main phylogenetic Sporothrix groups. S. brasiliensis presents high genetic variability and pronounced population structure with geographically focused outbreaks in Brazil. The genetic groups include older genotypes from the prolonged epidemic in Southeast (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo), South (Rio Grande do Sul), Northeast (Pernambuco) and new genotypes from the MRBH. Furthermore, we provide evidence of heterothallism mating strategy in pathogenic Sporothrix species. Genotypes originating in Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco carry the predominant MAT1-2 idiomorph as opposed to genotypes from Rio Grande do Sul, which have the MAT1-1 idiomorph. We observed an overwhelming occurrence of MAT1-1 among MRBH isolates. CONCLUSION: Our study provides clear evidence of the predominance of a genetic group profile circulating in animals in Minas Gerais, independent of that disseminated from Rio de Janeiro. Our data can help us understand the genetic population processes that drive the evolution of this fungus in Minas Gerais and contribute to future mitigation actions for this ongoing epidemic.
Asunto(s)
Análisis del Polimorfismo de Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Epidemias , Variación Genética , Genotipo , Sporothrix , Esporotricosis , Esporotricosis/epidemiología , Esporotricosis/microbiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Sporothrix/genética , Sporothrix/clasificación , Sporothrix/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Gatos , Perros , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Zoonosis/microbiología , Filogenia , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , HumanosRESUMEN
Antibiotic resistance constitutes a significant public health challenge, with diverse reservoirs of resistant bacteria playing pivotal roles in their dissemination. Among these reservoirs, pets are carrying antibiotic-resistant strains. The objective of this study was to assess the resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, and the prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli strains in dogs and cats from Tamaulipas, Mexico. A total of 300 stool samples (150 dogs and 150 cats) from healthy pets were subjected to analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and the identification of ESBLs were carried out by disc diffusion method. The presence of resistance genes, class 1, 2, and 3 integrons (intI1, intI2, and intI3) and phylogroups was determined by PCR analysis. The findings reveal that 42.6% (128/300) of the strains exhibited resistance to at least one of the eight antibiotics assessed, and 18.6% (56/300) demonstrated multidrug resistance (MDR), that distributed across 69 distinct resistance patterns. Altogether 2.6% of E. coli strains (8/300) were confirmed as TEM and CTX-M type ESBL producers. These outcomes underscore the roles of dogs and cats in Tamaulipas as reservoirs for the dissemination of MDR and/or ESBL strains. The results underscore the necessity for conducting prevalence studies on ESBL-producing E. coli, forming a foundation for comprehending the present scenario and formulating strategies for the control and mitigation of this issue.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Escherichia coli , Heces , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Mascotas , beta-Lactamasas , Animales , Perros/microbiología , México , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Gatos/microbiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Mascotas/microbiología , beta-Lactamasas/genética , Heces/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Integrones , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Canine dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria immitis, is prevalent worldwide. However, the frequency of canine infection in the state of Alagoas, Brazil is scarcely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of D. immitis infection in dogs from the coastal municipalities of Alagoas and analyze the risk factors associated with the infection. A cross-sectional study was performed using 426 dogs of different breeds and sex distributed across 15 coastal municipalities in the state of Alagoas. Blood samples were collected from each dog and analyzed for circulating microfilariae and free D. immitis antigens. To investigate the risk factors associated with D. immitis infection, we collected information on dog environments using an epidemiological questionnaire. The results revealed that 12.7% of dogs tested positive for D. immitis. Dogs with travel history were 3.52 times more likely to be infected. Thus, infected dogs in the coastal region of Alagoas should be regularly monitored and the public health system should plan strategies to control this zoonotic disease.
Asunto(s)
Dirofilaria immitis , Dirofilariasis , Enfermedades de los Perros , Animales , Perros , Dirofilariasis/epidemiología , Dirofilariasis/diagnóstico , Dirofilariasis/parasitología , Brasil/epidemiología , Dirofilaria immitis/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Factores de Riesgo , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
An evaluation was made of the larvicidal efficacy of lotilaner (Credeli®) in the treatment of dogs naturally infested with Dermatobia hominis larvae. A total of 12 dogs presenting at least three live D. hominis larvae were medicated. The animals were medicated orally with a single dose of no less than 20 mg/kg lotilaner. After drug administration, the animals remained at their homes, and observations were made to verify the larvicidal effect 6 hours after treatment. Live larvae were considered any parasite that exhibited motility after removal. For each animal was using the formula: 100 x [(total of live larvae before treatment - total live larvae after treatment) /total of live larvae before treatment] as criteria for evaluating lotilaner efficacy. A total of 98 larvae were counted in 12 dogs, with an average of 8.1 larvae per animal. The effectiveness of lotilaner was 80.6%. Nineteen larvae were found alive, albeit presenting hypomobility and lethargic behavior. However, note that the evaluation was performed just six hours after administration of the drug. Lotilaner administered orally in a single dose of 20 mg/kg showed 80.6% efficacy six hours after treating dogs naturally infested with D. hominis.
Asunto(s)
Dípteros , Enfermedades de los Perros , Miasis , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Miasis/veterinaria , Miasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Miasis/diagnóstico , Miasis/parasitología , Dípteros/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Masculino , Femenino , Insecticidas/administración & dosificación , Oxazoles , TiofenosRESUMEN
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cryopreserving canine ovarian tissue using vitrification and slow freezing methods while investigating potential differences in cryotolerance based on follicular type and cryopreservation technique. Twenty-eight ovaries were collected from 14 anoestrus bitches of various breeds, aged between 2 and 5 years, and undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. The ovaries were sectioned into small fragments and randomly assigned to three groups: vitrification, slow freezing, and a control group (fresh tissue). Vitrification was performed using cryotubes containing DAP 213 solution (2M DMSO, 1M acetamide, 3M propylene glycol) in two stages, while slow freezing involved cryotubes with 1.5M DMSO solution inserted into a programmable machine. The effects of cryopreservation were evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry (cleaved caspase-3), to determine the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. Histological examination revealed that the slow freezing group exhibited a significantly higher percentage of intact follicles (45.75 %) compared to those subjected to vitrification (38.17 %; P = 0.01). Immunohistochemical evaluation further indicated that 84.21 % of the follicles in the slow freezing group did not express caspase-3, suggesting the absence of apoptosis. Conversely, vitrified samples exhibited significantly more apoptotic cells compared to other groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, early antral follicles displayed a higher susceptibility to degeneration regardless of the cryopreservation method employed. Nevertheless, when comparing the cryopreserved groups, early antral follicles showed greater degeneration in slow freezing group, while preantral follicles were the most affected in the vitrification group. In conclusion, slow freezing demonstrated superior preservation of viable follicles compared to vitrification and emerged as the preferred technique for cryopreserving canine ovarian tissue. These findings contribute valuable insights into optimizing cryopreservation methods for canine ovarian tissue, potentially benefiting reproductive technologies and fertility preservation in canines.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Criopreservación , Congelación , Folículo Ovárico , Vitrificación , Animales , Femenino , Perros/fisiología , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Criopreservación/métodos , Folículo Ovárico/fisiología , Ovario/fisiología , Crioprotectores/farmacologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Evaluate and compare the retention time on the canine ocular surface of crosslinked hyaluronic acid (X-HA), linear hyaluronic acid (L-HA) and saline solution using fluorescent compounds (fluorescein sodium salt, Alexa Fluor 488 cadaverine and Alexa Fluor 488 maleimide). METHODS: 0.9% saline solution (SAL) was combined with fluorescein sodium salt. X-HA and L-HA were covalently modified using Alexa Fluor 488 reactive moieties. Eye drops were applied to 70 eyes of 35 dogs that were previously assessed and determined to have a normal ocular surface. Employing a blue light filter (450-490 nm), digital images were captured from instillation to 180 min. Images were analyzed to assess the percent of the total ocular area covered with green fluorescence at various time points. RESULTS: X-HA exhibited a dual phase behavior: A broad microgel coverage first, followed by accumulation in tear film meniscus and medial canthus in the second phase, remaining in contact with the ocular surface up to 180 min. Coverage with L-HA and SAL eye drops quickly migrated to the tear meniscus. No traces of the fluorescent compounds were observed by 45 min in eyes treated with SAL solution compound and, by 120 min, eyes treated with L-HA. CONCLUSIONS: X-HA exhibited a significantly increased ocular surface contact time with the ocular surface compared with L-HA and SAL. Not only could this indicate extended lubrication time but also supports the potential use of this compound as a method for topical sustained-release drug application.
Asunto(s)
Fluorofotometría , Ácido Hialurónico , Soluciones Oftálmicas , Animales , Ácido Hialurónico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Hialurónico/química , Perros , Soluciones Oftálmicas/química , Fluorofotometría/veterinaria , Fluorofotometría/métodos , Ojo/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , FemeninoRESUMEN
Thyroid tumors occur in many domestic species, but are most common in the dog, in which they are classified as follicular or medullary. During 2012-2016, we received tissue specimens or whole carcasses of 4 dogs with variable enlargement of the thyroid glands. The 2 males and 2 females were of mixed (mongrel) inbreeding, 3-4.5-y-old. All tumors had lobulated architecture forming follicular structures variably containing colloid. On immunohistochemistry of the tumors from 3 of the dogs, 2 were thyroglobulin positive, and all 3 were negative for calcitonin, confirming follicular thyroid carcinoma in 2 of the dogs. Thyroid carcinomas have not been reported previously in related mongrel dogs, to our knowledge.
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Adenocarcinoma Folicular , Enfermedades de los Perros , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Enfermedades de los Perros/genética , Masculino , Femenino , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/veterinaria , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/patología , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/genética , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/veterinaria , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/genética , Trinidad y TobagoRESUMEN
Platelet concentrates undergo progressive changes during storage, such as a decrease in pH. Additionally, pH and lactate production showed the strongest correlation with platelet survival in posttransfusion viability studies. pH measurement is a straightforward method for evaluating the quality control of blood components in blood bank practice. Our aim was to compare three pH assessment methods for canine platelet concentrates. The pH values of the canine platelet concentrates were assessed on the first day of storage using a calibrated pH meter, a portable gas analyzer and pH-indicator strips. The results from the pH meter and portable gas analyzer measurements were similar. The pH indicator strips presented higher average values compared to the other more reliable methods evaluated, which could result in the use of inadequate blood components. In conclusion, it is recommended to implement pH measurements using a pH meter for quality control in veterinary blood banks.
Asunto(s)
Bancos de Sangre , Plaquetas , Control de Calidad , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Animales , Perros/sangre , Plaquetas/química , Plaquetas/fisiología , Bancos de Sangre/normas , Conservación de la Sangre/veterinaria , Conservación de la Sangre/métodos , Conservación de la Sangre/normasRESUMEN
The aim of this work was to develop a real-time PCR assay with a TaqMan® probe that detects a species-specific part of the 16S rDNA gene of Ehrlichia canis. Canine blood samples (n = 207), collected and tested by a conventional PCR assay within a study conducted by De Salvo et al., were simultaneously analyzed with the novel designed real-time PCR, and the results of both assays were compared. The agreement between the two methods was 97.6 % with a kappa value of 0.92186. Hereby, the standard error was 0.034416 and the 95 % confidence interval from 0.8544 to 0.98931. While the conventional PCR assay showed false negative results (2.42 %; 5/207), the real-time PCR assays showed a specificity of 100 %. The results of the current study showed that the developed assay presents sensitivity and specificity for the detection of E. canis in blood samples, adding a new tool for the diagnosis of this pathogen.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Ehrlichia canis , Ehrlichiosis , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Ehrlichia canis/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/normas , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Especificidad de la Especie , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Ehrlichiosis/diagnóstico , Ehrlichiosis/veterinaria , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Animales , Perros , Garrapatas/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) transmission primarily occurs through the bite of phlebotomine sand flies infected with Leishmania infantum, alternative routes may exist. METHODS: Thirty-four dogs diagnosed with CVL were sampled for parasitological investigation in tissues from the reproductive tract. RESULTS: Amastigotes of Leishmania sp. were present in 79% (27/34) of the reproductive system samples, with distinct infection rates depending on the tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirms that alternative routes, such as horizontal and vertical transmissions, should be considered in the epidemiological chain of CVL.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Leishmaniasis Visceral , Animales , Perros , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Leishmaniasis Visceral/transmisión , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Femenino , Masculino , Leishmania infantum/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
In the Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal of San Ángel, located in the south of Mexico City, Mexico, free-roaming dogs and cats coexist with 148 bird, 33 of mammal, 23 of reptile and seven amphibian species, that represent a remnant of the original fauna of the Mexican Plateau. The negative impact that dogs and cats have on local fauna is unobjectionable, however, the role that these introduced vertebrates play as potential transmitters of infectious diseases for native fauna and humans, is much less understood. Information about parasitic infections in native and introduced animals in this location is scarce. In order to ameliorate this lack of information, the objective of this study is to characterize the helminth fauna of the free-ranging dogs and cats of the ecological reserve. Between 2018 and 2023, 36 Felis silvestris catus and 7 Canis lupus familiaris were studied from the helminthological perspective. Endoparasites were obtained from the digestive tract and were identified to the species level using morphological and molecular evidence. Hosts were parasitized by eight species of helminths: in cats the cestodes Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Mesocestoides sp., Taenia rileyi and the nematode Toxocara cati were recorded, while in dogs, the cestode Taenia pisiformis and the nematodes Ancylostoma caninum, and Uncinaria stenocephala were found. The only species shared between cats and dogs was the cestode Dipylidium caninum. These free-ranging animals act as definitive hosts of 5 species known to have zoonotic potential; their presence in the area may generate a public and animal health problem if programs of dog and cat population control are not continued.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Helmintiasis Animal , Helmintos , Zoonosis , Animales , Perros/parasitología , Gatos/parasitología , México/epidemiología , Helmintos/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Zoonosis/parasitología , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Helmintiasis Animal/epidemiología , Helmintiasis Animal/parasitología , Humanos , Masculino , FemeninoRESUMEN
Although diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable disease, numerous cases are still reported around the world, as well as outbreaks in countries, including European ones. Species of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae complex are potentially toxigenic and, therefore, must be considered given the possible consequences, such as the circulation of clones and transmission of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Recently, Corynebacterium rouxii was characterized and included among the valid species of the complex. Therefore, two cases of C. rouxii infection arising from infections in domestic animals are presented here. We provide molecular characterization, phylogenetic analyses, genome sequencing, and CRISPR-Cas analyses to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular bases, pathogenesis, and epidemiological monitoring of this species, which is still little studied. We confirmed its taxonomic position with genome sequencing and in silico analysis and identified the ST-918 for both strains. The clinical isolates were sensitive resistance to benzylpenicillin and rifampin. Antimicrobial resistance genes, including tetB, rpoB2, and rbpA genes, were predicted. The bla and ampC genes were not found. Several virulence factors were also detected, including adhesion, iron uptake systems, gene regulation (dtxR), and post-translational modification (MdbA). Finally, one prophage and the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas system were identified.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Infecciones por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium , Enfermedades de los Perros , Filogenia , Rifampin , Animales , Corynebacterium/genética , Corynebacterium/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Perros , Rifampin/farmacología , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/veterinaria , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/microbiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Genoma Bacteriano , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Penicilinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The effectiveness of a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) control strategy based on the application of 4 % deltamethrin impregnated collars (DIC) exclusively in seropositive dogs was assessed between 2018 and 2019, through a prospective study. The effectiveness of DIC-collaring was evaluated by comparing the incidence rate of anti-leishmanial antibodies among dogs from two endemic districts in Brazil. In one of the areas, the conventional control measure which is based on the non-compulsory euthanasia of LV seropositive dogs, was practiced by the official healthy service as a regular procedure, whereas strategic collaring, conceived in this study, was carried out in the other. Results of serological tests applied to serum samples collected from all domiciled dogs were evaluated in three consecutive times, spaced by around 200 days. Incidence rates of VL seroreactivity were compared between districts in the same period of time as well as within the same district, in consecutive periods. Based on the results, the risk of infection in the population under conventional control measure was up to four times higher than the risk of infection where DIC-collaring was used. The strategic use of collar proposed here emerged as a promising measure for VL control in dogs from endemic areas. Strategic collaring does not rely on the euthanasia of infected animals, an extremely controversial procedure, and instead of being used in all dogs, as collaring is normally recommended; only seropositive dogs are intervened. Strategic use of DIC has the potential to drastically reduce costs, if compared to mass collaring canine population.