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PURPOSE: This prospective, randomized, unmasked, clinical trial aimed to report the visual outcomes of cataract surgery on both eyes versus cataract surgery on one eye in Brazilian patients. METHODS: This study included patients with bilateral cataracts and binocular visual acuity worse than or equal to 0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. The patients were randomly assigned to undergo surgery on one (Control Group) or both eyes (one eye at a time; Intervention Group). Postoperatively, self-reported visual function using Catquest-9SF (primary outcome measure), binocular visual acuity, stereopsis, and ocular dominance (secondary outcome measures) were compared. RESULTS: A total of 151 patients (77 and 148 eyes in the Control and Intervention Groups, respectively) completed the follow-up. Patients who underwent surgery on both eyes exhibited significantly better self-reported visual function (p=0.036) and stereopsis (p=0.026) than those who underwent surgery on one eye. Binocular visual acuity and ocular dominance did not affect the group comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery on both eyes resulted in significantly better self-reported visual function and stereopsis than surgery on one eye.
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Extracción de Catarata , Percepción de Profundidad , Visión Binocular , Agudeza Visual , Humanos , Visión Binocular/fisiología , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Percepción de Profundidad/fisiología , Extracción de Catarata/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Predominio Ocular/fisiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Catarata/fisiopatología , Periodo PosoperatorioRESUMEN
Objetivo: Determinar los resultados de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva en pacientes con estrabismos horizontales. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo de una serie de 19 pacientes (16 ojos derechos, 17 izquierdos) atendidos en el Servicio de Oftalmología Pediátrica del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", en el periodo comprendido entre junio de 2018 y julio de 2019, a quienes se les realizó cirugía mínimamente invasiva de estrabismo y fueron seguidos por 6 meses. Se evaluaron las variables: tipo de desviación, agudeza visual, signos posoperatorios, ángulo de desviación pre- y posquirúrgico, éxito quirúrgico, fusión, estereopsis y complicaciones. Resultados: El 73,7 por ciento de los pacientes presentaba esotropías; la media de agudeza visual pre- y posoperatoria entre los dos ojos fue muy similar; el signo posoperatorio más frecuente fue la hiperemia conjuntival ligera (75 por ciento ojos derechos y 64,5 por ciento ojos izquierdos) a las 24 horas. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas (p < 0,001) en el ángulo de desviación horizontal en dioptrías prismáticas, pre- y poscirugía, con el 84,2 por ciento de éxito quirúrgico. El 78,6 y el 80 por ciento de los pacientes con esotropía y exotropías alcanzaron fusión, pero solo lograron estereopsis el 28,5 y el 60 por ciento de ellos respectivamente. La frecuencia de complicaciones ocurrió en el 15,8 por ciento de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Se alcanzaron buenos resultados motores, así como aceptables en los sensoriales en pacientes operados de estrabismos horizontales por cirugía mínimamente invasiva(AU)
Objective: Determine the results of minimally invasive surgery in patients with horizontal strabismus. Methods: A prospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted of a series of 19 patients (16 right eyes, 17 left eyes) attending the Pediatric Ophthalmology Service at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from June 2018 to July 2019. These patients underwent minimally invasive strabismus surgery and were followed up for six months. The variables considered were deviation type, visual acuity, postoperative signs, pre- and postoperative angle of deviation, surgical success, fusion, stereopsis and complications. Results: Of the patients studied, 73.7 percent presented esotropias; mean pre- and postoperative visual acuity was very similar in the two eyes; the most common postoperative sign was slight conjunctival hyperemia (75 percent right eyes and 64.5 percent left eyes) at 24 hours. Statistical differences (p < 0.001) were found in the horizontal angle of deviation in pre- and postoperative prism diopters, with 84.2 percent surgical success. 78.6 percent and 80 percent of the patients with esotropia and exotropia achieved fusion, but only 28.5 and 60 percent of them, respectively, achieved stereopsis. Complications occurred in 15.8 percent of the patients. Conclusions: Good motor results were obtained, as well as acceptable sensory results in patients undergoing minimally invasive horizontal strabismus surgery(AU)
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Humanos , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Esotropía/etiología , Estrabismo/etiología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/métodos , Percepción de Profundidad , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios LongitudinalesRESUMEN
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar as funções visuais dos idosos e a relação com a visão funcional e quedas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caráter transversal, realizado no município de Anápolis-GO com 46 idosos de idade ≥ a 60 anos, que cumpriram com todos os requisitos de inclusão. Estes foram avaliados quanto a visão funcional, funções visuais, funcionalidade global e autorrelato de quedas. Foi realizada análise estatística para verificar a correlação entre caidores e não caidores com as funções visuais e a visão funcional. Resultados: Houve uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o autorrelato de quedas e a estereopsia em idosos (p=0,05). Do mesmo modo, foi encontrado uma relação entre a visão funcional e a acuidade visual (p=0,023). O medo de novas quedas afetou a grande maioria dos idosos. Todavia, não houve correlação entre o autorrelato da visão e as quedas. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados evidenciam que há correlação entre a estereopsia e a incidência de quedas, sugerindo que a visão de profundidade pode estar diretamente relacionada ao risco de quedas. Houve também, correlação entre a visão funcional e a acuidade visual, sugerindo que a capacidade do olho em distinguir detalhes, contornos e formas pode influenciar na qualidade das atividades que envolvem a visão.
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the visual functions of the elderly and the relationship with functional vision and falls. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the municipality of Anápolis-GO with 46 elderly aged ≥ 60 years, who met all inclusion requirements. These were evaluated for functional vision, visual functions, overall functionality and self-reported falls. Statistical analysis was performed to verify the correlation between fallers and nonfallers with visual functions and functional vision. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between self-reported falls and stereopsis in the elderly (p=0.05). Similarly, a relationship was found between functional vision and visual acuity (p=0.023). Fear of further falls affected the vast majority of the elderly. However, there was no correlation between self-reported vision and falls. Conclusion: The results show that there is a correlation between stereopsis and the incidence of falls, suggesting that deep vision may be directly related to the risk of falls. There was also a correlation between functional vision and visual acuity, suggesting that the ability of the eye to distinguish details, contours and shapes may influence the quality of activities involving vision.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Visión Ocular , Accidentes por Caídas , Agudeza Visual , Percepción de Profundidad , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
Purpose: To evaluate the initial experience of four experienced vitreoretinal surgeons, in France, with a three-dimensional (3-D) system, and to explore the potential advantages and disadvantages of this technology. We also report anatomical surgical outcomes of full-thickness idiopathic macular holes (MH) and primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), by using traditional microscopy and heads-up method. Methods: Four French retinal surgeons performed several types of ophthalmic surgeries with this new technology. To compare the 3-D system with ocular viewing, ergonomics, educational value, image sharpness, depth perception, field of view, technical feasibility, advantages and disadvantages, and expectations for the future, were assessed using a questionnaire. We also compared the same questionnaire with the answers of six Brazilian experienced vitreoretinal surgeons. For treating MHs, the surgeons performed 88 surgeries (44 with microscopy and 44 with 3-D). They performed 100 PPV for treating primary RRD (50 with ocular viewing and 50 with 3-D). The visualization method for each patient, as well as the assignment of each surgeon for a specific patient, were all randomly selected. Results: On the questionnaire, 3-D was preferred to traditional microscopy, except for technical feasibility; the type of surgery benefitting most from the 3-D was macula surgery and the least was anterior segment surgery; the most used by all is the black and white filter in patients with atrophic RPE during ILM peeling. Eighty-one (92.1%) MHs was successfully closed with one surgery and out of the 100 eyes with a primary RRD, the anatomical success after 3 months of follow-up was 91%, with no statistical significance between 3-D and ocular viewing. Conclusions: The surgeons in this study preferred 3-D to ocular viewing. Vitrectomy surgery to treat MHs and RRDs can be performed using the 3-D with the same efficiency as microscopy. Digital integration of 3-D and iOCT can be useful in some cases. With continuous refinement to improve the ability to visualize inside of the eye, this promising technology may enhance what we do as surgeons.
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Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Desprendimiento de Retina/cirugía , Perforaciones de la Retina/cirugía , Cirugía Vitreorretiniana/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Percepción de Profundidad/fisiología , Femenino , Francia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oftalmólogos/psicología , Desprendimiento de Retina/diagnóstico por imagen , Desprendimiento de Retina/fisiopatología , Perforaciones de la Retina/diagnóstico por imagen , Perforaciones de la Retina/fisiopatología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , VitrectomíaRESUMEN
Resumo Objetivos: Comparar a aniseiconia e a estereopsia em escolares anisometropes do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental corrigidos com lentes oftálmicas de estoque com curvas-base selecionadas para minimizar a diferença de tamanho interocular das imagens retínicas e com lentes iseicônicas sugeridas pelo software Aniseikonia Inspector 3 e verificar a preferência dos escolares por uma destas formas de correção. Métodos: Dezenove escolares com anisometropia ≥ 1,5 D em meridianos correspondentes no uso de óculos com lentes oftálmicas de estoque e com lentes iseicônicas foram avaliados para aniseiconia (software Aniseikonia Inspector 3) e estereopsia (teste Stereo Fly test com símbolos LEA. A preferência por uma das formas de correção foi verificada após 40-50 dias de uso dos óculos. Resultados: As médias e os desvios-padrão das aniseiconias vertical e horizontal no uso de óculos com lentes oftálmicas de estoque e com lentes iseicônicas foram, respectivamente, -1,05% ± 2,20% e -1,37% ± 2,36% (p=0,82739) e -0,895% ± 2,23% e -1,16% ± 2,03% (p=0,77018). 31,6% dos escolares corrigidos com lentes iseicônicas e 21,1% dos escolares corrigidos com lentes oftálmicas de estoque identificaram os optotipos que sugerem estereopsia < 100 segundos de arco (p= 0,475). Em relação à preferência, 4/15 (26,7%) escolheram os óculos com lentes iseicônicas, 2/15 (13,3%) escolheram os óculos com lentes oftálmicas de estoque e para 9/15 (60%) a escolha foi indiferente. Conclusão: A aniseiconia induzida nos escolares anisometropes corrigidos com lentes iseicônicas sugeridas pelo software Aniseikonia Inspector 3 foi similar ao obtido na correção com lentes oftálmicas de estoque com curvas-base selecionadas para minimizar a diferença de tamanho interocular das imagens retínicas.
Abstract Objectives: To compare the aniseikonia and the stereopsis in school children anisometropes of the first-year of elementary school corrected with stock ophthalmic lenses with base curve selected to minimize the interocular size difference of retinal images and with size lenses suggested by the software Aniseikonia Inspector 3, and to check the preference of them for one of these forms of correction. Methods: Nineteen school children with anisometropia ≥ 1.5 D in corresponding meridians, in the use of glasses with stock ophthalmic lenses and with size lenses were evaluated for aniseikonia (software Aniseikonia Inspector 3) and stereopsis (Stereo Fly test with LEA symbols). The preference for one of the forms of correction was verified after 40-50 days of wearing glasses. Results: The mean and standard deviations of the vertical and horizontal aniseikonia in the use of glasses with stock ophthalmic lenses and with size lenses were, respectively, -1.05% ± 2.20% and-1.37% ± 2.36% (p = 0,82739) and -0.895% ± 2.23% and -1.16% ± 2.03% (p = 0,77018). 31.6% of the school children corrected with size lenses and 21.1% of the students corrected with stock ophthalmic lenses identified the optotypes that suggest stereopsis less than 100 seconds of arc (p = 0.475). Regarding the preference, 4/15 (26.7%) of the students chose the glasses with size lenses, 2/15 (13.3%) chose the glasses with stock ophthalmic lenses, and for 9/15 (60%) the choice was indifferent. Conclusion: The induced aniseikonia in school children with anisometropia corrected with size lenses suggested by the software Aniseikonia Inspector 3 was similar to that obtained in the correction with stock ophthalmic lenses with base curves selected to minimize the difference of interocular size of retinal images.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Anisometropía/terapia , Aniseiconia/terapia , Estudiantes , Salud del Estudiante , Estudios Prospectivos , Percepción de Profundidad , Anteojos , LentesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report a case of a child with strabismus and delayed discovery of a metallic intraocular foreign body with good recovery of visual acuity and stereopsis with 36-month follow-up. METHODS: A 4-year-old girl was evaluated due to exotropia of right eye initiated 9 months before with progressive worsening. Visual acuity was 1.00 logMAR (20/200) in the right eye and 0.00 logMAR (20/20) in the left eye. Anterior segment evidenced a small paracentral corneal leukoma, posterior synechia and mild lens opacity in the temporal quadrant only in the right eye. Fundus examination in the right eye identified the presence of an intraocular foreign body, with appearance of metallic components surrounded by retinal pigmented endothelial cells atrophy. Full-field electroretinography (ERG) showed reduced amplitudes and delayed implicit times for both rods and cones in the affected eye. All tests were normal in the fellow eye. RESULTS: Pars plana vitrectomy was promptly performed in the right eye, followed by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation 4 months later due to worsening of the lens opacification. The full-field ERG was repeated after the surgical procedures. The ERG showed mild worsening of all responses in the right eye. After 36 months of follow-up, visual acuity was 0.20 logMAR (20/32) with improvement of the ocular misalignment and with 60 s of arc stereopsis with ERG responses unchanged. CONCLUSION: In this young girl perforating ocular trauma with metallic material was lately diagnosed with strabismus as a sign of alert. Prompt surgical intervention and proper management were essential to provide reasonable visual function including some degree of stereopsis, even though retinal dysfunction characterized by ERG was persistent.
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Cuerpos Extraños en el Ojo/diagnóstico , Lesiones Oculares Penetrantes/diagnóstico , Metales , Retina/lesiones , Atrofia , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Tardío , Percepción de Profundidad/fisiología , Electrorretinografía , Exotropía/diagnóstico , Cuerpos Extraños en el Ojo/fisiopatología , Cuerpos Extraños en el Ojo/cirugía , Lesiones Oculares Penetrantes/fisiopatología , Lesiones Oculares Penetrantes/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares , Facoemulsificación , Refracción Ocular/fisiología , Retina/fisiopatología , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/patología , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , VitrectomíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the initial experiences of several vitreoretinal surgeons in Brazil, both experienced and beginners, with a three-dimensional (3D) system, and to report the advantages and disadvantages of this technology. We also report surgical manipulations performed using the heads-up method in porcine eyes. For full-thickness idiopathic macular holes (MHs), we analyzed the times required for pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) rhexis by using traditional microscopy and 3D system, and to evaluate anatomical surgical results. METHODS: During experimental vitreoretinal surgery on porcine eyes, two retinal surgeons applied the heads-up method. In clinical surgery, 14 retinal surgeons performed almost all types of vitreoretinal surgeries in association with facectomy, Ahmed glaucoma valve implant, or minimally invasive glaucoma surgery using an iStent®. The Ngenuity® 3D Visualization System was digitally integrated with intraoperative optical coherence tomography, the Verion™ Image-Guided System, and an endoscope (with a modified GoPro® camera). To compare the 3D system with traditional microscopy, ergonomics, educational value, image sharpness, depth perception, field of view, advantages and disadvantages, and technical feasibility were assessed using a questionnaire. One year later, the 14 surgeons answered the same questionnaire again, in order to assess whether they became more comfortable or not with 3D. For treating MHs, four surgeons (surgeon 1, fellows 1, 2, 3) performed the total of 40 surgeries. Each one performed 10 surgeries (5 with traditional microscopy and 5 with 3D visualization). The completion time for PPV and ILM rhexis were determined by using both methods. RESULTS: In porcine eyes, disabling the color channels allowed better visualization of the ILM, either with Brilliant Blue G (BBG), indocyanine green chorioangiography (ICG), or açai dye; transillumination through the sclera was also better without a color channel, but visualization of the peripheral vitreous was better with a blue channel. Regarding clinical experience, the questionnaire responses showed that the respondents generally favored the heads-up method compared with traditional microscopy (p < 0.05); however, despite a slightly higher average score, the 3D system was not statistically significantly preferred in terms of technical feasibility (p = 0.1814). Answering again the same questionnaire 1 year later, the 14 surgeons felt more comfortable with 3D (p < 0.05). The type of surgery benefitting most from the 3D system was peeling of the ILM or epiretinal membrane (p < 0.001), and that receiving the least benefit was anterior segment surgery (p < 0.001). In addition, surgeons did not report benefits of color channels, preferring to disable it (p < 0.001). Comparisons between the average time for full PPV and ILM rhexis by using the two methods were non-significant, neither in each individual case of 3D surgery for each surgeon. Surgeon 1 had always been faster than his fellows. Thirty-six (90%) full-thickness MHs were successfully closed with one surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D system was preferred to traditional microscopy. The 3D system was especially helpful for certain specific types of surgeries and served as an educational tool, having reduced illumination and allowing precise focusing. Concerning MH surgery, heads-up method was similar to traditional microscopy regarding length of time and anatomical surgical results. As a digital platform, it will be amenable to constant upgrades and may ultimately become the new standard for ophthalmic surgery.
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Competencia Clínica , Edema Macular/cirugía , Posicionamiento del Paciente/métodos , Cirujanos/normas , Cirugía Asistida por Computador/métodos , Cirugía Vitreorretiniana/métodos , Animales , Brasil , Percepción de Profundidad/fisiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Estudios de Factibilidad , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Porcinos , Cirugía Vitreorretiniana/normasRESUMEN
Introducción: los pacientes con estrabismo comúnmente tiene algún grado de compromiso en la estereopsis, y existe evidencia clara que el tratamiento de la ambliopía severa mejora este compromiso; sin embargo, no hay datos que reporten grados de estereopsis en pacientes con ambliopía en ausencia de estrabismo. Objetivo: determinar y comparar el grado de estereopsis en pacientes sin ambliopía, con ambliopía leve y moderada en ausencia de estrabismo, que asistieron a consulta de oft almología pediátrica en el Hospital de San José entre Enero de 2015 y Agosto de 2017. Diseño del estudio: estudio de tipo transversal. Método: pacientes entre 5 y 15 años. Se utilizó el Random Dot Test para la evaluación de estereopsis. Se comparó el grado de estereopsis entre los distintos niveles de ambliopía por medio de una prueba de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: se incluyeron 119 niños, 64 no tuvieron ambliopía y 55 tuvieron ambliopía, de los cuales el 67.3% fue leve (n=37) y el 32.7% fue moderada (n=18). La principal causa fue la refractiva; en el grupo de ambliopía leve 64.9% y moderada 77.8%. Los pacientes entre 5 y 10 años presentaron una mediana de estereopsis de 40 segundos de arco independientemente de si tenían o no ambliopía, a diferencia de los pacientes mayores de 10 años en quienes a medida que aumentó el grado de ambliopía, disminuyó la estereopsis. Conclusión: de observó una tendencia al empeoramiento del grado de estereopsis según el grado de ambliopía aunque no se alcanzó significancia estadística. El diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno de la ambliopía durante los primeros años son fundamentales para garantizar un desarrollo visual adecuado de la población pediátrica.
Background: patients with strabismus usually have some degree of disturbance in stereopsis, and there is clear evidence that the treatment of severe amblyopia improves it. However, there are no data reporting grades of stereopsis in patients with amblyopia in absence of strabismus. Objective: to determine and compare the degree of stereopsis in patients without amblyopia, with mild and moderate amblyopia in absence of strabismus who the attended pediatric ophthalmology clinic at Hospital de San José between January 2015 and August of 2017. Study design: cross sectional study. Method: study design: cross-sectional study. Participants: Patients between 5 and 15 years. Process: The Random Dot Test was used for stereopsis evaluation. The degree of stereopsis between the different levels of amblyopia was compared by means of a Kruskal Wallis test. Results: 119 children were included, 64 did not have amblyopia and 55 had amblyopia. 67.3% were mild (n = 37) and 32.7% were moderate (n = 18). The principal cause was refractive, mild amblyopia 64.9% and moderate 77.8%. Patients between 5 and 10 years had a median stereopsis of 40 seconds of arc regardless of whether they had amblyopia or not, unlike patients older than 10 years in whom as the degree of amblyopia increased, stereopsis decreased. Conclusion: It was observed a tendency to worsen the degree of stereopsis according to the degree of amblyopia although statistical signifi cance was not reached. Th e early diagnosis and timely treatment of amblyopia during the fi rst years are fundamental to guarantee an adequate visual development of the pediatric population.
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Ambliopía/terapia , Trastornos de la Visión/diagnóstico , Estrabismo/terapia , Percepción de ProfundidadRESUMEN
Purpose: A group of keratoconus subjects (KG) and a control group (CG) were evaluated for sensory and motor status. We tried to clarify the factors (best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA]), heterophorias, fusional amplitude, anisometropia, astigmatism) that may be associated with a binocular disturbance. Methods: BCVA (logMAR) was measured. Binocular vision was checked using cover tests, striate Maddox, and a 6Δ base-down prism (simultaneous perception), a prism bar (fusion and fusional convergence break point), and Titmus Fly Test (stereopsis). Results: Fifty-four subjects of the KG, 27 men (median 16 years), and 29 of the CG, 15 men (median 20 years), were evaluated. In the KG, 8 (15%) subjects had strabismus. Those whose BCVA in the worse eye was logMAR ≥0.7 had a significantly higher frequency of strabismus and absence of simultaneous perception. Spherical equivalent anisometropia ≥ 1.0 diopter (D) was significantly different in both groups as was the frequency of gross stereopsis. In comparing fine and gross stereopsis in both the KG and the CG, there was a significant difference in the frontal astigmatism between eyes in the KG (P = 0.03) and CG (P = 0.01). Conclusions: In our study, the KG presented a higher frequency of strabismus and impaired binocular vision. Frontal astigmatism was different between groups with gross and fine stereopsis, in both the CG and KG. Future studies are needed to elucidate or reinforce the factors associated with the loss of binocularity in keratoconus. Testing for stereopsis may be helpful to consider in the treatment guidelines for keratoconus.
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Percepción de Profundidad/fisiología , Queratocono/fisiopatología , Músculos Oculomotores/fisiopatología , Trastornos de la Visión/fisiopatología , Visión Binocular/fisiología , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anisometropía/fisiopatología , Astigmatismo/fisiopatología , Niño , Movimientos Oculares/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estrabismo/fisiopatología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Paintings produced spontaneously by patients with neurological lesions represent a fascinating opportunity to analyze some aspects of the underlying disease and involved brain mechanisms. Many cases of artists who have suffered spatial neglect following a neurological disease have been reported in the literature. However, only a few studies evaluating the different subtypes of graphic neglect and aspects related to the construction of perspective (three dimensionality) in works of art have been published. In the present article, we present the case of an artist who, after resection of a central neurocytoma that affected the right thalamo-parietal connections, suffered an impairment of the ability to create perspective in his paintings and involuntary omission of only shapes in the left side of his paintings, although colors and contours were preserved.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirugía , Percepción de Profundidad/fisiología , Percepción de Forma/fisiología , Neurocitoma/cirugía , Pinturas , Trastornos de la Percepción/fisiopatología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/fisiopatología , Adulto , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos , Trastornos de la Percepción/diagnóstico por imagen , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Este estudo objetiva analisar textos produzidos por um sujeito de 10 anos de idade, do sexo masculino, diagnosticado com Síndrome de Irlen (SI). Trata-se de um relato de um estudo de caso, pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho sócio-histórico. Priorizou-se a análise de aspectos discursivos e notacionais das produções escritas, relacionadas a quatro gêneros discursivos: uma carta (para um ídolo, para um familiar ou para um amigo), regras de um jogo, um conto infantil e um cartaz. Em relação aos aspectos discursivos, o participante da pesquisa conseguiu operar sobre vários aspectos que caracterizam as condições de produção dos gêneros requeridos, evidenciando pertinência em relação às temáticas propostas, à finalidade e ao contexto de circulação do texto. Quanto aos aspectos notacionais, o sujeito apresentou estratégias e hipóteses distantes do padrão ortográfico da língua, tais como: trocas, omissões e acréscimo de letras e segmentação indevida. Os resultados evidenciam que crianças com esse diagnóstico podem apresentar estratégias singulares em suas produções, inerentes ao processo de apropriação da linguagem escrita. Diante da análise realizada, sugere-se o implemento de estudos acerca da referida síndrome que ofereçam elementos para que profissionais da saúde e educação, envolvidos com sujeitos acometidos pela mesma, possam em suas práticas clínicas e escolares desenvolver um trabalho que priorize os processos e as diferentes dimensões envolvidas com a apropriação da leitura e da escrita.
The objective of this study was to analyze different texts produced by a 10-year-old male individual diagnosed with Irlen Syndrome (IS). This is a case report; a socio-historical qualitative study. The analysis focused on the discursive and notational aspects of the production of four different writing genres: a letter (to an idol, a family member, or a friend), the rules of a game, a children's story, and a poster. Regarding the discursive aspects, the participant was able to adequately operate the various aspects that characterize the production of the required genres, showing relevance concerning the proposed themes, objectives, and context flow. As for the notational aspects, the subject presented hypotheses and strategies that were distant from the orthographic pattern of the target language, such as changes, omissions, increase of letters and undue segmentation. The results show that children diagnosed with IS may have unique strategies, inherent to the appropriation process of written language. Based on the analysis, it is suggested that studies on IS are conducted, so that they may offer elements for health and education professionals involved with these individuals in their clinical and school practices to conduct their jobs prioritizing the processes and different dimensions involved with the appropriation of reading and writing skills.
Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar producciones escritas por un sujeto de 10 años de edad, de sexo masculino, diagnosticado con el Síndrome de Irlen (SI). Se trata un estudio de caso, investigación cualitativa, de carácter socio-histórico. Se ha priorizado el análisis de los aspectos discursivos y notacionales de las producciones escritas relacionadas con cuatro géneros discursivos: Una carta (a su ídolo, a un miembro de la familia o a un amigo), reglas de un juego, un cuento infantil y un póster. En cuanto a los aspectos discursivos, el participante de la investigación consiguió operar bajo diversos aspectos que caracterizan las condiciones de producción de los géneros requeridos, evidenciando pertinencia para los temas propuestos, la finalidad y el contexto de circulación del texto. En cuanto a los aspectos notacionales, el sujeto presentó estrategias y hipótesis distantes de la ortografía estandarizada, tales como: cambios, omisiones y adición de letras y segmentación inadecuada. Los resultados indican que los niños con este diagnóstico pueden desarrollar estrategias únicas en sus producciones, inherentes al proceso de apropiación de la lengua escrita. Ante el análisis realizado, se sugiere el implemento de estudios acerca del síndrome que ofrezcan elementos con los cuales profesionales de la salud y educación, involucrados con los individuos afectados, puedan en sus prácticas clínicas y escolares desarrollar un trabajo que da prioridad a los procesos y a las diferentes dimensiones relacionadas con la apropiación de la lectura y escritura.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Niño , Astenopía , Percepción de Profundidad , Lenguaje , Trastornos del Lenguaje , Fotofobia , FonoaudiologíaRESUMEN
Investigou-se a percepção monocular da profundidade ou relevo de máscaras policromadas objetivas côncava e convexa. Participaram do estudo 40 estudantes, que julgaram a profundidade ou relevo da máscara côncava e da máscara convexa. Mais da metade dos observadores, 67%, realizaram ou tenderam a realizar a inversão monocular da profundidade. Quando solicitados a avaliar em centímetros a distância da ponta do nariz da máscara à sua base, as maiores extensões foram designadas à máscara convexa, comparativamente à côncava. Porém, a inversão visual da profundidade de concavidades não foi afetada pela posição de apresentação das máscaras (vertical ou invertida) ou pela direção da fonte de iluminação incidente sobre elas (de cima ou por baixo). Os resultados confirmam que, na percepção de faces, o processo de alta ordem se sobrepõe ao processo de baixa ordem e que a ilusão da máscara côncava é um instrumento eficaz na verificação da percepção de profundidade.
It was investigated the monocular perception of depth or relief of objective concave and convex masks. The study included 40 students, who judge the depth or relief of a concave and a convex mask. More than half of observers, 67%, performed the monocular depth inversion. When asked to evaluate the distance in centimeters from the tip of the nose to the base of the mask, the major extensions were appointed to the convex mask, compared to concave. However, the visual inversion of depth of the concavities was not affected by the position of the masks (vertical or inverted) or by the direction of the light source incident on them (from top or bottom). The results confirm that in the face perception, the top-down process overlaps the bottom-up process and that the hollow-face illusion is an effective instrument in depth perception verification.
Se investigó la percepción monocular de profundidad o relieve de máscaras huecas y convexas objetivas. En el estudio participaron 40 estudiantes que juzgaron la profundidad o relieve de máscaras huecas y convexas. Más de la mitad de los observadores, el 67%, realizó la inversión monocular de la profundidad. Cuando se les pidió para evaluaren la distancia en centímetros desde la punta de la nariz hasta la base de la máscara, las más grandes extensiones fueron nombradas a la máscara convexa, en comparación con la máscara hueca. Sin embargo, la visual inversión de la profundidad de los huecos no ha sido afectada por la posición de presentación de las máscaras (vertical o invertida) o por la dirección de la fuente de luz incidente sobre ellas (desde arriba o abajo). Los resultados confirman que la percepción de las caras, los procesos de orden superior se superponen los procesos de orden inferior y la ilusión de la máscara hueca es una herramienta eficaz en la verificación de la percepción de profundidad.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Percepción Visual , Agudeza Visual , Percepción de Profundidad , Máscaras Faciales , Estudiantes/psicología , Brasil , Análisis de VarianzaRESUMEN
Objetivo: determinar los resultados quirúrgicos y la obtención de fusión y estereopsis en adultos operados de estrabismo adquirido y si el tiempo transcurrido entre la aparición de la desviación y la cirugía influyó en la obtención de fusión y estereopsis.Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, de corte longitudinal y prospectivo, en adultos operados de estrabismo adquirido, quienes acudieron a la consulta de Oftalmología Pediátrica y Estrabismo del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer de enero a diciembre del año 2013. Se analizaron las variables edad, sexo, edad de inicio del estrabismo, tiempo de evolución, diagnóstico, sentido de la desviación, agudeza visual, síntomas y signos, alineamiento ocular, fusión y estereopsis posoperatoria. Resultados: las causas más frecuentes fueron la parálisis o paresias de músculos extraoculares y la exotropía, ambas con 37,7 por ciento. El 34 por ciento de los casos sobrepasaban los tres años de evolución. Se logró el alineamiento ocular y la fusión en el 73,6 por ciento, y se recuperó la estereopsis en el 52,8 por ciento. El 90,9 por ciento de los pacientes que estuvieron desviados menos de un año alcanzaron fusión y estereopsis. Conclusiones: la cirugía de estrabismo de adulto permite recuperar el alineamiento ocular, la fusión y la estereopsis, con más posibilidades de recuperación funcional cuando se realiza con menor tiempo de evolución(AU)
Objective: to describe the surgical results and the fusion and stereopsis achieved in adults operated on for acquired strabismus, and to determine whether the time elapsed from the emergence of deviation to the time of surgery had an effect on fusion and stereopsis. Methods: prospective, longitudinal and descriptive research conducted in adults operated on for acquired strabismus, who had been seen at the Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus service of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January to December 2013. The analyzed variables were age, sex, the age at the onset of strabismus, time of progression, diagnosis, deviation angle, visual acuity, symptoms and signs, eye alignment and postoperative fusion and stereopsis.Results: the most frequent causes were extra ocular muscle palsy or paresis and exotropia, both accounting for 37.7 percent of cases. Over three years of progression was observed in 34 percent of patients. Eye alignment and fusion occurred in 73.6 percent whereas stereopsis was recovered in 52.8 percent of patients. In the study group, 90.9 percent of patients with deviation angle for less than one year reached fusion and stereopsis. Conclusions: strabismus surgery in adults allows recovering eye alignment, fusion and stereopsis, and the possibilities of functional recovery increase when the time of progression of disease is shorter(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Estrabismo/cirugía , Percepción de Profundidad , Exotropía/patología , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios LongitudinalesRESUMEN
Objetivo: determinar los resultados quirúrgicos y la obtención de fusión y estereopsis en adultos operados de estrabismo adquirido y si el tiempo transcurrido entre la aparición de la desviación y la cirugía influyó en la obtención de fusión y estereopsis. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, de corte longitudinal y prospectivo, en adultos operados de estrabismo adquirido, quienes acudieron a la consulta de Oftalmología Pediátrica y Estrabismo del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer de enero a diciembre del año 2013. Se analizaron las variables edad, sexo, edad de inicio del estrabismo, tiempo de evolución, diagnóstico, sentido de la desviación, agudeza visual, síntomas y signos, alineamiento ocular, fusión y estereopsis posoperatoria. Resultados: las causas más frecuentes fueron la parálisis o paresias de músculos extraoculares y la exotropía, ambas con 37,7 por ciento. El 34 por ciento de los casos sobrepasaban los tres años de evolución. Se logró el alineamiento ocular y la fusión en el 73,6 por ciento, y se recuperó la estereopsis en el 52,8 por cientot. El 90,9 por ciento de los pacientes que estuvieron desviados menos de un año alcanzaron fusión y estereopsis. Conclusiones: la cirugía de estrabismo de adulto permite recuperar el alineamiento ocular, la fusión y la estereopsis, con más posibilidades de recuperación funcional cuando se realiza con menor tiempo de evolución(AU)
Objective: to describe the surgical results and the fusion and stereopsis achieved in adults operated on for acquired strabismus, and to determine whether the time elapsed from the emergence of deviation to the time of surgery had an effect on fusion and stereopsis. Methods: prospective, longitudinal and descriptive research conducted in adults operated on for acquired strabismus, who had been seen at the Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus service of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January to December 2013. The analyzed variables were age, sex, the age at the onset of strabismus, time of progression, diagnosis, deviation angle, visual acuity, symptoms and signs, eye alignment and postoperative fusion and stereopsis. Results: the most frequent causes were extra ocular muscle palsy or paresis and exotropia, both accounting for 37.7 percent of cases. Over three years of progression was observed in 34 percent of patients. Eye alignment and fusion occurred in 73.6 percent whereas stereopsis was recovered in 52.8 percent of patients. In the study group, 90.9 percent of patients with deviation angle for less than one year reached fusion and stereopsis. Conclusions: strabismus surgery in adults allows recovering eye alignment, fusion and stereopsis, and the possibilities of functional recovery increase when the time of progression of disease is shorter(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Percepción de Profundidad , Exotropía/patología , Estrabismo/cirugía , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Longitudinales , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
La estereopsia es el grado máximo que nos brinda la binocularidad y se desarrolla en los niños entre los 3 y 6 meses. Objetivo: determinar la presencia de estereopsia en niños pseudofáquicos, así como los factores asociados a la presencia de estereopsia en estos pacientes. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo donde se incluyeron 25 niños mayores de 8 años previamente operados de catarata pediátrica en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer, que acudieron a la consulta entre junio y noviembre del año 2015. Se determinaron las variables estereopsia, lateralidad, origen de la catarata, edad de diagnóstico, edad de la cirugía y agudeza visual mejor corregida.Resultados: la estereopsia fina (60" o menos) se detectó en el 28 por ciento de los pacientes, y en el 68 por ciento algún grado de esta. Fue más frecuente en los pacientes con pseudofaquia bilateral y con cataratas traumáticas o del desarrollo, pero sin mostrar diferencias significativas. Todos los pacientes con estereopsia presentaron una agudeza visual mejor corregida mayor de 0,5 en su ojo de peor visión, y estadísticamente este resultado fue significativo.Conclusiones: la cirugía de catarata pediátrica permite desarrollar estereopsia. La agudeza visual posoperatoria es un factor determinante de esta(AU)
Stereopsis is the highest degree of binocularity and occurs in children aged 3 to 6 months of life. Objective: to determine stereopsis in pseudophakic children as well as the factors involved in stereopsis in these patients. Method: a retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study of 25 children older than 8 years, who had been previously operated on of pediatric cataract in the Ramon Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Opthalmology. They went to the hospital from June to November, 2015. The variables were stereopsis, laterality, origin of cataract, age at diagnosis, age at the time of surgery and best corrected visual acuity. Results: fine stereopsis (60" or less) was detected in 28 percent of the patients, and some degree of it in 68 percent of them. It was more frequent in patients with bilateral pseudophakia and with traumatic or developmental cataract, but differences were not significant. All the stereoscopic patients had best corrected visual acuity over 0.5 in its worst vision eye, being this result statistically significant. Conclusions: the pediatric cataract surgery allows developing stereopsis and the postoperative visual acuity is a determining factor(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Preescolar , Niño , Trastornos de la Percepción/diagnóstico , Percepción de Profundidad , Afaquia Poscatarata/terapia , Niño , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios LongitudinalesRESUMEN
La estereopsia es el grado máximo que nos brinda la binocularidad y se desarrolla en los niños entre los 3 y 6 meses. Objetivo: determinar la presencia de estereopsia en niños pseudofáquicos, así como los factores asociados a la presencia de estereopsia en estos pacientes. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo donde se incluyeron 25 niños mayores de 8 años previamente operados de catarata pediátrica en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer, que acudieron a la consulta entre junio y noviembre del año 2015. Se determinaron las variables estereopsia, lateralidad, origen de la catarata, edad de diagnóstico, edad de la cirugía y agudeza visual mejor corregida. Resultados: la estereopsia fina (60" o menos) se detectó en el 28 por ciento de los pacientes, y en el 68 por ciento algún grado de esta. Fue más frecuente en los pacientes con pseudofaquia bilateral y con cataratas traumáticas o del desarrollo, pero sin mostrar diferencias significativas. Todos los pacientes con estereopsia presentaron una agudeza visual mejor corregida mayor de 0,5 en su ojo de peor visión, y estadísticamente este resultado fue significativo. Conclusiones: la cirugía de catarata pediátrica permite desarrollar estereopsia. La agudeza visual posoperatoria es un factor determinante de esta(AU)
Stereopsis is the highest degree of binocularity and occurs in children aged 3 to 6 months of life. Objective: to determine stereopsis in pseudophakic children as well as the factors involved in stereopsis in these patients. Method: a retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study of 25 children older than 8 years, who had been previously operated on of pediatric cataract in the Ramon Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Opthalmology. They went to the hospital from June to November, 2015. The variables were stereopsis, laterality, origin of cataract, age at diagnosis, age at the time of surgery and best corrected visual acuity. Results: fine stereopsis (60" or less) was detected in 28 percent of the patients, and some degree of it in 68 percent of them. It was more frequent in patients with bilateral pseudophakia and with traumatic or developmental cataract, but differences were not significant. All the stereoscopic patients had best corrected visual acuity over 0.5 in its worst vision eye, being this result statistically significant. Conclusions: the pediatric cataract surgery allows developing stereopsis and the postoperative visual acuity is a determining factor(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Preescolar , Niño , Afaquia Poscatarata/terapia , Percepción de Profundidad , Trastornos de la Percepción/diagnóstico , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Longitudinales , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Objetivos: desarrollar un test 3D automatizado para valorar la estereopsis, test que podría ser ampliamente difundido con el actual auge de la tecnología 3D en video juegos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio comparativo, prospectivo, transversal, inicialmente se desarrolló el test 3D con Scratch versión 1.4 y posteriormente se realizó el mismo en 19 personas entre 15 y 40 años con agudeza visual de 20/20 ó 20/25, se compararon los resultados con los obtenidos con el Test de Titmus. Resultados: encontramos una Agudeza Visual Estereoscópica (AVE) media de 55,32 arcos por segundo con el test 3D automatizado, con el Test de Titmus encontramos una AVE media de 57,89. Realizamos el análisis estadístico con el programa SPSS, con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0,988 lo que indica que existe correlación entre los resultados obtenidos por ambos test. Conclusiones: consideramos que el test 3D automatizado es válido para su utilización en posteriores investigaciones y se constituye en una buena opción para valoración de estereopsis.
Objective: to develop a 3D automated test to assess stereopsis, test could be widely disseminated with the current boom of 3D technology in video games. Methods: a comparative, prospective, cross-sectional study, initially the 3D test was developed with Scratch version 1.4 and later it was performed in 19 people between 15 and 40 years with visual acuity of 20/20 or 20/25, were compared the results with those obtained with the Titmus test. Results: we found an average Stereoscopic Visual Acuity (AVE) of 55.32 arcs per second with automated 3D test with the Titmus test found a mean of 57.89 AVE. We performed statistical analysis using the SPSS program, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.988 indicating that there is a correlation between the results obtained by both tests. Conclusion: we believe that 3D automated test is valid for use in further research and constitutes a good choice for assessment of stereopsis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Percepción de Profundidad , Tecnología/instrumentación , ParpadeoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, and subjective visual performance of Acuvue® Oasys® for Presbyopia (AOP), Air Optix® Aqua Multifocal (AOMF), and Air Optix® Aqua Single Vision (AOSV) lenses in patients with presbyopia. METHODS: A single-blinded crossover trial was conducted. Twenty patients with mild presbyopia (add ≤+1.25 D) and 22 with moderate/severe presbyopia (add ≥+1.50 D) who wore lenses bilaterally for 1 h, with a minimum overnight washout period between the use of each lens. Measurements included high- and low-contrast visual acuity (HCVA and LCVA, respectively) at a distance, contrast sensitivity (CS) at a distance, HCVA at intermediate (70 cm) and near (50 cm & 40 cm) distances, stereopsis, and subjective questionnaires regarding vision clarity, ghosting, overall vision satisfaction, and comfort. The test variables were compared among the lens types using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Distance variables (HCVA, LCVA, and CS) were significantly worse with multifocal lens than with AOSV lens (p≤0.008), except for AOMF lens in the mild presbyopia group in which no significant difference was observed (p>0.05). Multifocal lenses had significantly greater HCVA at 40 cm than AOSV lens (p≤0.026). AOMF lens had greater intermediate HCVA than AOP lens (p<0.03). AOP lens demonstrated greater improvements in stereopsis than AOMF and AOSV lens in the moderate/severe presbyopia group (p≤0.03). Few significant differences in subjective variables were observed, with no significant difference in the overall vision satisfaction observed between lens types (p>0.05). The proportions of patients willing to buy AOSV, AOMF, and AOP lenses were 20%, 40%, and 50%, respectively, in the mild presbyopia group and 14%, 32%, and 23%, respectively, in the moderate/severe presbyopia group; however, these differences were not statistically significant (p≥0.159). CONCLUSIONS: Further development of multifocal lenses is required before significant advantages of multifocal lenses over single vision lens are observed in patients with presbyopia.
Asunto(s)
Lentes de Contacto Hidrofílicos , Diseño de Equipo , Presbiopía/rehabilitación , Anciano , Sensibilidad de Contraste/fisiología , Estudios Cruzados , Percepción de Profundidad/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Satisfacción del Paciente , Presbiopía/clasificación , Estudios Prospectivos , Método Simple Ciego , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Pruebas de Visión , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, and subjective visual performance of Acuvue® Oasys® for Presbyopia (AOP), Air Optix® Aqua Multifocal (AOMF), and Air Optix® Aqua Single Vision (AOSV) lenses in patients with presbyopia. Methods: A single-blinded crossover trial was conducted. Twenty patients with mild presbyopia (add ≤+1.25 D) and 22 with moderate/severe presbyopia (add ≥+1.50 D) who wore lenses bilaterally for 1 h, with a minimum overnight washout period between the use of each lens. Measurements included high- and low-contrast visual acuity (HCVA and LCVA, respectively) at a distance, contrast sensitivity (CS) at a distance, HCVA at intermediate (70 cm) and near (50 cm & 40 cm) distances, stereopsis, and subjective questionnaires regarding vision clarity, ghosting, overall vision satisfaction, and comfort. The test variables were compared among the lens types using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: Distance variables (HCVA, LCVA, and CS) were significantly worse with multifocal lens than with AOSV lens (p≤0.008), except for AOMF lens in the mild presbyopia group in which no significant difference was observed (p>0.05). Multifocal lenses had significantly greater HCVA at 40 cm than AOSV lens (p≤0.026). AOMF lens had greater intermediate HCVA than AOP lens (p<0.03). AOP lens demonstrated greater improvements in stereopsis than AOMF and AOSV lens in the moderate/severe presbyopia group (p≤0.03). Few significant differences in subjective variables were observed, with no significant difference in the overall vision satisfaction observed between lens types (p>0.05). The proportions of patients willing to buy AOSV, AOMF, and AOP lenses were 20%, 40%, and 50%, respectively, in the mild presbyopia group and 14%, 32%, and 23%, respectively, in the moderate/severe presbyopia group; however, these differences were not statistically significant (p≥0.159). Conclusions: Further development of multifocal lenses is required before significant advantages of multifocal lenses over single vision lens are observed in patients with presbyopia.
RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a acuidade visual, sensibilidade ao contraste, estereopsia e desempenho visual subjetivo de présbitas usando lentes de contato Acuvue Oasys para presbiopia (AOP), Air Optix Aqua Multifocal (AOMF) e Air Optix Aqua Single Vision (AOSV). Método: Foi realizado estudo mascarado simples, cruzado. Vinte pacientes com presbiopia baixa (adição ≤+1,25 D) e 22 com presbiopia média/alta (adição ≥+1,50 D) usaram cada lente bilateralmente durante 1 hora, com descanso mínimo de uma noite entre as diferentes lentes. As medições incluíram acuidade visual para distância em alto e baixo contraste (HCVA, LCVA), sensibilidade ao contraste para distância (CS), HCVA para distância intermediária (70 cm) e para perto (50 cm e 40 cm), estereopsia e questionários subjetivos sobre nitidez visual, fantasmas, satisfação visão geral e conforto. As variáveis foram comparadas entre os tipos de lentes, utilizando medidas repetidas ANOVA. Resultados: As variáveis para distância (HCVA, LCVA, CS) foram significativamente piores com as multifocais em relação a AOSV (p≤0,008), exceto para AOMF no grupo de baixa adição, que não foi significativamente diferente (p>0,05). As multifocais foram significativamente melhores do que a AOSV para HCVA em 40 cm (p≤0,026). AOMF superou AOP para HCVA intermediária (p<0,03). AOP superou AOMF e AOSV em relação à estereopsia no grupo de presbiopia médio/alto (p≤0,03). Houve poucas diferenças significativas nas variáveis subjetivas, mas a satisfação visual global não foi significativamente diferente entre as lentes (p>0,05). A disposição para comprar lentes AOSV, AOMF e AOP foi: 20%, 40%, 50%, respectivamente, no grupo de presbiopia baixa; 14%, 32%, 23% no grupo de presbiopia média/alto, mas essas diferenças não foram estatisticamente significativas (p≥0,159). Conclusões: Melhorias futuras parecem ser necessárias para produção de uma lente multifocal que forneça aos présbitas uma vantagem significativa sobre a lente de visão única.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Presbiopía/rehabilitación , Lentes de Contacto Hidrofílicos , Diseño de Equipo , Presbiopía/clasificación , Pruebas de Visión , Sensibilidad de Contraste/fisiología , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Método Simple Ciego , Estudios Prospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Satisfacción del Paciente , Estudios Cruzados , Percepción de Profundidad/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Objetivo: describir los resultados quirúrgicos y la obtención de fusión y estereopsia en operados de esotropía congénita, después de cuatro años de seguimiento y su relación con el ángulo de desviación preoperatorio y la edad al momento de la primera cirugía. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo de una serie de casos, operados de esotropía congénita desde el año 2007 al 2010, seguidos durante cuatro años por consulta en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer. Se analizaron las variables edad al diagnóstico, ángulo de desviación preoperatorio y posoperatorio, edad al momento de la primera cirugía, presencia de fusión, estereopsia y desarrollo de ambliopía. Resultados: el ángulo de desviación preoperatorio promedio de los pacientes estudiados fue de 39,8 dioptrías y la media de la edad al momento de la primera cirugía fue 22,5 meses (DE 9,2). La media de supervivencia del alineamiento ocular fue de 39,3 meses, y fue superior en los pacientes con un ángulo de desviación preoperatorio menor de 40 dioptrías y con menos de 24 meses de edad al momento de la primera cirugía (p= 0,001). Presentaban fusión y estereopsia a los 4 años el 57,7 y el 26,9 por ciento de los pacientes. La media del número de cirugía fue de 1,42 (DE ± 0,504) a los 4 años. La causa más frecuente de segunda cirugía fue la hiperfunción del oblicuo inferior (19,2 por ciento). Conclusiones: la presencia de fusión y de estereopsia a los 4 años de evolución es mayor en aquellos pacientes con menor ángulo de desviación preoperatoria y con menos de 2 años de edad a la primera cirugía(AU)