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Recently, fucoidan has been proposed as a potential prebiotic agent for functional food and pharmaceutical development. However, while previous studies illustrated favorable modulations of gut microbiota by fucoidan, changes in the overall microbial structure remain elusive. In the present study, modulations of gut microbiota by different fucoidans were studied using high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. We found that at the expense of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria such as Peptococcus, the abundance of beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus and Ruminococcaceae was significantly increased in response to fucoidan treatment. Besides, by maintaining a more balanced composition of gut microbiota, dietary fucoidan also significantly reduced the antigen load and the inflammatory response in the host as evidenced by the decreased serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels. Collectively, our results indicate that fucoidan can be used as a gut microbiota modulator for health promotion and treatment of intestinal dysbiosis.

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En este estudio se hace una descripción de la flora anaerobia (estrictos y facultativos) presente en treinta dientes, de pacientes que ingresaron a la Facultad de Odontología de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, previo diagnóstico clínico y radiográfico de necrosis pulpar. Del mismo modo se relacionaron variables como edad del paciente y tipo de sintomatología manifestada (dolor, inflamación y presencia de fístula), con el aislamiento de determinado tipo de microorganismo anaerobio. Los resultados mostraron que de ochenta y nueve cepas aisladas, cincuenta y una correspondían a anaerobios estrictos (57.3 por ciento) y treinta y ocho a anaerobios facultativos (42.7 por ciento). De los estrictos, el Bacteroides melaninogenicus y el Fusobacterium nucleatum fueron los microorganismos predominantes, seguidos por el Peptococo y el Peptoestreptococo. Se encontró que en la mayoría de pacientes con sintomatología aguda se aislaron principalmente anaerobios estrictos, mientras que los pacientes asintomáticos predominaron los facultativos. Finalmente, no se encontró una influencia directa entre la edad del paciente, ni de la presencia o ausencia de fístula, con ningún tipo de microorganismo específico aislado

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The first case of infective endocarditis caused by the anaerobe Staphylococcus saccharolyticus is reported. The infection occurred in a previously healthy 61-year-old male with no known predisposing valvular heart disease. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of 2 g of nafcillin every 4 h and 90 mg of gentamicin every 8 h for 6 weeks.

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The pathogenicity of 20 strains belonging to nine bacterial species isolated from acute dentoalveolar abscesses was assessed individually and in two species combinations by subcutaneous inoculation of mice. Infections were produced by all the bacteria although variations were seen both in the type of lesion produced and the subsequent recovery of viable bacteria. Anaerobic gram-negative bacilli were recovered more often (p less than 0.05) at high concentrations (10(6)-10(9) cfu/ml) and produced a localised abscess with peripheral necrosis more frequently (p less than 0.001) than either Streptococcus milleri or anaerobic gram-positive cocci. Lesions induced by a combination of bacteria comprising anaerobic gram-negative bacillus and any other species yielded both strains at high concentration more often (p less than 0.001) than a combination comprising anaerobic gram-positive cocci and S. milleri. It is concluded that anaerobic gram-negative bacilli are major pathogens in acute dentoalveolar abscesses.

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A case of bacteremia caused by Peptococcus prevotii in an immunocompromised patient is described. A specific antibiotic therapy was successful. Details of the isolation procedures, biochemical pattern and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) related to the pathogen strain are reported.

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The pathogenicity of 20 strains of facultative or anaerobic gram-positive cocci (AGPC) was investigated by injecting them alone or mixed with other flora into mice, utilizing the subcutaneous abscess model. Abscesses induced by a mixture of two organisms were uniformly larger than those induced by single organisms. The relationships among seven AGPC strains, eight aerobes, and two Bacteroides spp. were determined by treating the infected animals with antibiotics and observing the effect of therapy directed against one or both organisms present in the abscess. A total of 70 different combinations were tested. As judged by their responses to antimicrobial therapy, facultative cocci or AGPC were relatively more important than the other species in 6 combinations, equally important in 35 combinations, and less important in 29 combinations. The AGPC most often found to be equal to or more important than the other bacteria were Peptococcus magnus, Streptococcus constellatus, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were frequently found to be of more importance than the AGPC.

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The utility of an experimental animal model is dependent on its ability to simulate the actual clinical situation. With a stereotaxic injection procedure, the susceptibility of rat brain to the spectrum of organisms commonly associated with human brain abscess was determined. Two strains of Escherichia coli were more infective than Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Even between the E. coli strains it was possible to document significant differences in degree of infectivity. The E. coli strain with the K-1 capsular polysaccharide was significantly more infective than the E. coli strain without the capsular polysaccharide. The brain was also susceptible to Candida albicans, but at a level higher than any of the aerobic bacteria examined. Brain infection could not be created when microaerophilic or obligately anaerobic organisms alone were injected.

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Peptococcus magnus was recovered from 10% of anaerobic cultures collected from suspected clinical infections over a 3.5-year period. It was the commonest species of anaerobic gram-positive cocci isolated (30%). To evaluate the clinical significance of this organism, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 222 patients from whom P. magnus was isolated. Twenty-five patients had no evidence of infection, 151 had mixed infections, and 32 had infections from which only P. magnus was isolated (pure cultures). Mixed infections involved the following sites: bone and joint (32 cases), soft tissue (57 cases), foot ulcers (29 cases), abdominal cavity (16 cases), and miscellaneous (17 cases). The average number of organisms was four (2.5 facultatives and 1.5 anaerobes). Eighteen patients with pure cultures of P. magnus had bone or joint infections, and foreign bodies were present in 15 of these. Other pure cultures of P magnus infections included 12 soft tissue, one vascular graft, and one infected sternotomy with persistent bacteremia. Pure culture infections were usually chronic, and serious sequelae often resulted. Peptococcus magnus is frequently isolated from significant infections and seems particularly pathogenic in infections of bones and joints or in association with the presence of foreign bodies, or both.

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