RESUMEN
The plant world represents an important source of potential therapeutic agents, but concomitant administration of herbal and conventional medications may result in interactions with subsequent beneficial or adverse effects. This study was designed to examine the analgesic effect of thyme tincture and thyme syrup, two commonly used thyme formulations, and their interactions with codeine, paracetamol, pentobarbital and diazepam in mice. The identification and quantification of thymol and carvacrol were carried out by GC/MS and GC/FID. The analgesic activity was studied using a hot plate method. Effects of thyme syrup on diazepam-induced motor coordination impairment in rotarod test and on pentobarbital-induced sleeping time were also determined. Thymol (175.3 µg/mL and 9.73 µg/mL) and carvacrol (10.54 µg/mL and 0.55 µg/mL) concentrations were measured in tincture and syrup, respectively. Thyme syrup and tincture exhibited effective analgesic activity in the hot plate pain model. Pretreatment with thyme formulations reduced analgesic activity of codeine, and potentiated the analgesic activity of paracetamol. Co-administration of thyme formulations has led to potentiation of diazepam and pentobarbital depressive central nervous system effects. Thyme formulations interacted with tested conventional drugs, probably through interference with their metabolic pathways and succeeding altered concentrations and pharmacological effects.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Ratones , Thymus (Planta)/efectos de los fármacos , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Analgésicos/efectos adversos , Pentobarbital/efectos adversos , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Diazepam/efectos adversos , Medicamento FitoterápicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the rates and types of complications associated with deep sedation in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and to explore potential risk factors. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of children with SCD and a comparison group of children without SCD who underwent magnetic resonance imaging with deep sedation. The rates of general and SCD-associated sedation complications were calculated, and potential associated clinical and laboratory variables were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 162 sedation records in 94 subjects with SCD and 324 sedation records in 321 subjects without SCD were assessed (mean age, 4.3 years in both groups). Pentobarbital, fentanyl, and midazolam were used in the majority of sedation episodes without routine presedation transfusion. Sedation-related complication rates did not differ significantly between the SCD and comparison groups. Within 1 month after the sedation procedure, 17 children (10%) experienced a vaso-occlusive pain episode (VOE), and 2 children (1.2%) developed acute chest syndrome. Preprocedure and postprocedure rates of these complications did not differ significantly. Subjects who developed VOE after sedation had a significantly higher VOE rate before sedation, but no other significant clinical or laboratory risk factors were identified. CONCLUSION: Deep sedation in young children with SCD using a standard protocol is safe, with a sedation-related complication rate comparable to that of the general pediatric population. The observed rate of VOE, although not significantly higher than expected, warrants further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Torácico Agudo/etiología , Anemia de Células Falciformes/fisiopatología , Sedación Profunda/métodos , Dolor/etiología , Adyuvantes Anestésicos/efectos adversos , Anemia de Células Falciformes/complicaciones , Niño , Preescolar , Sedación Profunda/efectos adversos , Femenino , Fentanilo/efectos adversos , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Midazolam/efectos adversos , Seguridad del Paciente , Pentobarbital/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Little research has been done with propofol in relation to renal function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuos infusion of propofol on renal function in dogs. Sixteen dogs, previously anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (30mg.Kg-1) for surgical preparation, catheterism and monitoring, were studied. The dogs were mechanically ventilated with air and received alcuronium (0.2mg.Kg-1 in bolus and 0.6mg.Kg-1 - maintenance). The following parameters were studied: heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), aortic blood flow (AoBF - by electromagnetic flowmeter installed in the ascending aortic), aortic vascular resistance index (AoVRI), renal plasma flow (ERPF - by para-aminohipurate clearance), glomerular filtration rate (GFR - by creatinine clearance), effective renal blood flow (ERBF = ERPF/1 - hematocrit), urinary volume (UV), renal vascular resistance (RVR = MAP.80/ERBF.10-3), urinary sodium excretion (UENa), fractionated sodim excretion (FENa), osmolar clearance (Cosm) and free water clearance (CH2o). These parameters were studied at 15 (M1), 30 (M2), 45 (M3) and 60 (M4) min after beginning pentobarbital sodium infusion (5mh.Kg-1.h-1). The dogs were allocated into two groups of eight animals each: G1 (control-pentobarbital sodium) and G2 (propofol). In G1, pentobarbital was given at the four times studied. G2 dogs received the same treatment as G1 dogs at M1 and M2; infusion of pentobarbital was substituted by propofol (3mg.Kg-1 bolus, followed by 12mg.Kg-1.h-1 continuous infusion) at M3 and M4. Profile Analysis was used to analyze the results statistically. In G1 (pentobarbital), there was a significant increase in RVR (M1