RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Türkiye is a country in the world ranking in terms of sheep breeding. Hamdani crossbred sheep breed is one of the sheep breeds that can adapt to the difficult conditions in our country. In addition, the sentence may be corrected as 'Especially in the southeastern part of the Türkiye, crossbreeding is preferred by breeders to increase the yield characteristics of sheep'. OBJECTIVES: In our study, it was aimed to perform a pelvimetric analysis of Hamdani crossbred sheep fetuses in the second and third trimesters by three-dimensional modelling method. METHODS: For this purpose, a total of 40 second-trimester (10 females, 10 males) and third-trimester (10 females, 10 males) fetuses were used. The pelvises of the fetuses were imaged with CT and 3D models were created. Sixteen pelvimetric measurements were performed from the models. The results obtained were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: The study found statistically significant differences between male and female fetuses in terms of vertical diameter (VD) and foramen obturatum width (FOW) measurement parameters in the second trimester. In the third trimester, there were statistically significant differences between genders in acetabulum (AC) (p < 0.01), medial ischial tuberosities (MIT), and ischiatic arch (IA) (p < 0.05) parameters. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was determined that the pelvis length (PL) measurement parameter was positively correlated with different parameters in varying degrees in both periods, while the IA parameter did not show significant correlations with the other parameter in the last two periods of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the data obtained will be useful in pelvimetric evaluations of human and animal fetuses, anatomy education, zooarchaeology and taxonomy studies.
Asunto(s)
Pelvis , Oveja Doméstica , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Pelvis/diagnóstico por imagen , Pelvis/embriología , Pelvis/anatomía & histología , Oveja Doméstica/embriología , Feto/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagenología Tridimensional/veterinaria , Embarazo , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Desarrollo Fetal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the pelvimetric values obtained from radiographic pelvis images of budgerigars in terms of sexual dimorphism. The objectives included determining linear osteometric and angle measurements of the pelvis, as well as calculating the length-to-width ratios among different pelvimetric measurements. Additionally, the study aimed to reveal the correlations between age and body weight with both the pelvimetric measurements and ratio measurements in these animals. METHODS: In this study, measurements of linear distance, angle and length-to-width ratios were obtained from ventrodorsal images of the pelvis in a sample of 60 budgerigars, consisting of 30 males and 30 females. Subsequently, the statistical analysis of the obtained measurement values was performed. RESULTS: When analysing the morphometric measurement values based on sex, it was observed that all linear measurements (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9, L10 and L11) were higher in males, whereas the angle measurements (A1, LA2 and RA2) were found to be significantly greater in females (p < 0.05). Additionally, both male and female budgerigars exhibited a greater pre-acetabular length of the ilium compared to the post-acetabular length. Moreover, there were mostly positive significant correlations between age and body weight with the pelvic measurement values in both sexes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The obtained biometric measurement values from pelvimetric X-ray images in budgerigars were analysed to assess sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, this study presents fundamental morphometric data that can be valuable for clinical, taxonomic, phylogenetic, ornithological, allometric and characterization studies of budgerigars.
Asunto(s)
Melopsittacus , Pelvimetría , Masculino , Femenino , Animales , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Filogenia , Peso CorporalRESUMEN
The aim of the study was to establish the pattern of the agouti pelvis by obtaining external and radiographic internal pelvimetric values. Forty-three agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha), females and males bred in under human care were used. The parameters measured were the external biiliac diameter; the external biischiatic diameter; right and left external ilioischiatic diameters and radiographic internal measurements (true conjugated, the diagonal conjugated; the vertical, the sacral, sagittal, coxal tuberosity, upper biiliac, lower biiliac, and biischiatic diameter. The inlet pelvic area and the outlet pelvic area were calculated, as well the height/width ratios of the entrance area of the pelvis and the pelvic outlet area were calculated. The mean values for each body measurement of females and males were: weight 1.91kg and 2.04kg, external biiliac diameter 6.32cm and 6.30cm, external biischiatic diameter 4.34cm and 4.28cm, right external ilioischiatic diameter 9.01cm and 9.33cm, left external ilioischiatic diameter 9.13cm and 9.30cm, true conjugated 3.90cm and 3.68cm, diagonal conjugated 7.13cm and 6.91cm, vertical diameter 2.59cm and 2.45cm, sacral diameter 2.63cm and 2.44cm, sagittal diameter 3.30cm and 3.09cm, coxal tuberosity diameter 2.52cm and 2.43cm, upper biiliac diameter 6.28cm and 6.24cm, lower biiliac diameter 2.98cm and 2.58cm, biischiatic diameter 2.60cm and 2.70cm, height/width ratio - vertical/ lower biiliac diameter 0.88cm and 0.95cm, sagital/coxal tuberosity diameter 1.32cm and 1.28cm, inlet pelvic area 82.38cm and 77.83cm and outlet pelvic area 24.76cm and 20.07cm. Agouti are dolichopelvic animals, demonstrating the existence of a discrete sexual dimorphism in adults and low intensity correlations between the external and internal measures studied.
O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer o padrão da pelve de cutia, masculina e feminina, por meio da obtenção dos valores médios da pelvimetria externa e interna radiográfica. Foram utilizadas 43 cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha), fêmeas e machos criadas sob cuidados humanos. Os parâmetros medidos foram o diâmetro biilíaco externo; o diâmetro biisquiático externo; diâmetros ilioisquiáticos externos direito e esquerdo e medidas internas radiográficas (diâmetros conjugado verdadeiro, diagonal conjugado, vertical, sacral, sagital, tuberosidade coxal, biilíaco superior, biilíaco inferior e diâmetro biisquiático). A área pélvica de entrada e a área pélvica de saída foram calculadas , assim como foram calculadas as razões altura/largura da área de entrada da pelve e da área de saída da pelve. Os valores médios para as medidas das fêmeas e dos machos foram, respectivamente: peso 1,91kg e 2,04kg, diâmetro biilíaco externo 6,32cm e 6,30 cm, diâmetro ilioisquiático externo 4,34cm e 4,28cm, diâmetro ilioisquiático externo direito 9,01cm e 9,33cm, diâmetro ilioisquiático externo esquerdo 9,13cm e 9,30cm, diâmetro conjugado verdadeiro 3,90cm e 3,68cm, diâmetro conjugado diagonal 7,13cm e 6,91cm, diâmetro vertical 2,59cm e 2,45cm, diâmetro sacral 2,63cm e 2,44cm, diâmetro sagital 3,30cm e 3,09cm, tuberosidade coxal diâmetro 2,52cm e 2,43cm, diâmetro biilíaco superior 6,28cm e 6,24cm, diâmetro biilíaco inferior 2,98cm e 2,58cm, diâmetro biisquiático 2,60cm e 2,70cm, relação altura/largura - vertical/diâmetro biilíaco inferior 0,88cm e 0,95cm, diâmetro sagital/coxal tuberosidade 1,32cm e 1,28cm, área pélvica de entrada 82,38cm e 77,83 cm e área pélvica de saída 24,76cm e 20,07cm. As cutias são animais dolicopélvicos, demonstrando a existência de um discreto dimorfismo sexual em adultos e correlações de baixa intensidade entre as medidas externas e internas estudadas.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Pelvis/anatomía & histología , Radiografía/veterinaria , Caracteres Sexuales , Dasyproctidae/anatomía & histología , Anatomía Veterinaria/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Pelvis size plays an important role to prevent dystocia in cattle caused by the foeto-maternal disproportion in commonly primiparous females. The reproducibility and repeatability are two important aspects for the reliability of the measurements to use in the selection of cattle for culling. Pelvic measures were taken with a Rice pelvimeter from 224 young cattle (180 females and 44 males) of four beef breeds in South Africa. One experienced and two inexperienced observers each measured pelvic height and width twice. The proportion measurements with a maximum difference of 0.5 cm within animal compared with the first measurement by the experienced observer are around 80% and by the inexperienced observers around 50% for pelvic height and around 60% for pelvic width. Breed and sex do not affect the reliability of pelvimetry by an experienced observer. Under- and overestimation of pelvis size were observed in inexperienced observers, which seems to be unrelated to breed and sex.
Asunto(s)
Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pelvimetría/métodos , Pelvis/anatomía & histología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
The pelvimetry consists of the metric determination of the pelvis dimensions and its use is directly related to the reproduction. The cartilage closure time of the ossification centers varies according to the bone, some closing already in the uterine life and others remaining present for many years. The objective was to evaluate, radiographically, the pelvic diameters by pelvimetry during the first 24 months of life in pacas, the second lagest Brazilian rodent and an animal that has shown big recent scientific interest, aiming the estimated age determination. Twelve pacas were used, which were monthly radiographed up from birth until 24 months old, with the animals anesthetized. The pacas are dolicopelvic animals and with pelvis presenting strong tendency to constant growth along the 12 first months of age, fact that can be useful in the approximated animals' age determination that do not have precise birth date, for example.(AU)
A pelvimetria consiste na determinação métrica das dimensões pélvicas, e sua utilização está diretamente relacionada à reprodução. O momento de fechamento da cartilagem dos centros de ossificação varia de acordo com o osso, algumas fechando já na vida uterina e outras permanecendo presentes por vários anos. Objetivou-se avaliar, radiograficamente, os diâmetros pélvicos, mediante pelvimetria, durante os 24 primeiros meses de vida de pacas, o segundo maior roedor brasileiro e sobre o qual tem havido grande interesse científico, para a determinação aproximada da idade. Foram utilizadas 12 pacas, as quais foram radiografadas mensalmente a partir do nascimento até 24 meses de idade, com os animais anestesiados. As pacas são animais dolicopélvicos e com pelve apresentando forte tendência ao crescimento constante durante os 12 primeiros meses de vida, o que pode ser útil na determinação aproximada da idade em animais que não possuem data precisa de nascimento, por exemplo.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Pelvis/anatomía & histología , Pelvis/diagnóstico por imagen , Pesos y Medidas Corporales/veterinaria , Cuniculidae , Pelvimetría/veterinariaRESUMEN
Pelvis is an osteoligamentous complex, which is classified as dolichopellic in ruminants. Impairments linked to incompatibility of pelvic canal and fetal size is directly related to pelvic anatomy and disposition. Heritability of pelvic area characteristics varies from moderate to high, demonstrating its importance for animal selection. Pelvimetry can be performed through direct and indirect methods that were accessed in this study aiming to establish a correlation between internal and external pelvic dimensions in multiparous Nellore cows (26 animals) at cycling and early puerperal (up to 30 days postpartum) reproductive stages. Pelvic dimensions measured by descriptive analysis were higher at early puerperal stage. Strong Pearson's correlation was determined between internal and external pelvic dimensions, between reproductive stages, and between pelvic girdle area and internal pelvic area. Significant Tukey's test differences between animals in internal and external dimensions were also found. According to the results, the pelvic anatomy of Nellore cows varies according to their reproductive stage. We detach that and provide data regarding the use of internal pelvic area for animal selection studies on this breed is determined and should be measured using the proposed formula, since it can confirm statistical differences in the areas of pelvic components between animals in the cycling and early puerperal stages.(AU)
A pelve é considerada um complexo osteoligamentoso, classificada como dolicopélvica em ruminantes. Prejuízos ligados à incompatibilidade canal pélvico/tamanho fetal relacionam-se diretamente à anatomia e disposição pélvica. A característica de área pélvica apresenta herdabilidade variando de moderada a alta, indicando sua importância na seleção animal. A pelvimetria inclui formas direta e indireta. Neste estudo utilizaram-se vinte e seis vacas multíparas, da raça Nelore, agrupadas de acordo com o estágio reprodutivo, cíclico e em início de estágio puerperal (até 30 dias pós-parto). Através deste, objetivou-se evidenciar a relação das medidas pélvicas internas e externas nos diferentes períodos reprodutivos e coletar obter dados referentes a utilização da área interna do hexágono no estudo pelvimétrico dessa espécie em estágio cíclico ou puerperal. Para tanto, realizou-se, a pelvimetria direta e indireta. Os resultados obtidos, pela análise descritiva, foram maiores para animais em início de estágio puerperal. Por meio da correlação de Pearson podem-se observar fortes correlações entre mensurações pélvicas internas e externas, também entre os grupos propostos, e forte correlação entre elipse pélvica e área interna do hexágono. Pelo teste Tukey diferenças significativas tanto em medidas internas e externas puderam ser demonstradas. Conclui-se que as condições anatômicas da pelve variam de acordo com o estágio reprodutivo do animal, que aferição da área pélvica utilizando a formula proposta para área do hexágono interno é relevante pois foi possível comprovar a diferenças estatísticas de áreas nas fases cíclica e puerperal.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Bovinos , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Bovinos/anatomía & histología , Periodo PospartoRESUMEN
English bulldogs have been reported to have a high incidence of dystocia and caesarean section is often performed electively in this breed. A narrow pelvic canal is the major maternal factor contributing to obstructive dystocia. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the pelvic dimensions of 40 clinically healthy English bulldogs using computed tomography pelvimetry. A control group consisting of 30 non-brachycephalic dogs that underwent pelvic computed tomography was retrospectively collected from the patient archive system. Univariate analysis of variance was used to compare computed tomography pelvimetry of both groups and the effects of weight and gender on the measurements. In addition, ratios were obtained to address pelvic shape differences. A significantly (Pâ¯=â¯0.00) smaller pelvic size was found in English bulldogs compared to the control group for all computed tomography measurements: width and length of the pelvis, pelvic inlet and caudal pelvic aperture. The pelvic conformation was significantly different between the groups, English bulldogs had an overall shorter pelvis and pelvic canal and a narrower pelvic outlet. Weight had a significant effect on all measurements whereas gender that only had a significant effect on some (4/11) pelvic dimensions. Our findings prove that English bulldogs have a generally reduced pelvic size as well as a shorter pelvis and narrower pelvic outlet when compared to non-brachycephalic breeds. We suggest that some of our measurements may serve as a baseline for pelvic dimensions in English bulldogs and may be useful for future studies on dystocia in this breed.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Perros , Distocia/veterinaria , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Pelvis/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Animales , Peso Corporal , Estudios Transversales , Distocia/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Masculino , Pelvimetría/métodos , Embarazo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Especificidad de la Especie , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
The common marmoset is an important Neotropical primate for biomedical research. With the intention of providing pelvimetric values that allow the selection of animals with better characteristics for reproduction, we studied the X-ray of the pelvis, in ventro-dorsal projection of 12 adult animals, six males and six females, belonging to the National Center of Primates - CENP. The measurements were made to right diagonal diameters (RDD), left diagonal diameter (LDD), bi-iliac middle diameter (BIMD), bi-iliac upper diameter (BIUD), bi-iliac lower diameter (BILD), sacrum-pubic diameter (SPD), and the input area of the pelvis (IAP), which were compared in relation to sex and bodily correlated with the biometrics. The results of the means and standard deviations regarding pelvimetry (cm) were: for the RDD in males of 1.91±0.14 and in the females of 2.05±0.08; LDD in males of 1.85±0.16 and in females of 2.03± 0.08; BIMD in males of 1.46±0.12 and in the females of 1.5±0; BIUD showed in males 1.3±0.1 and in females of 1.3±0.06; BILD in males of 1.35±0.15 and in females of 1.25±0.08; SPD in males of 1.68±0.09 and in females of 1.93±0.13; IAP in males of 1.9±0.26 and in the females of 2.23±0.13. It was concluded that the pelvis of Callithrix jacchus could be classified as dolicopelvic type, there is sexual dimorphism in relation to the pelvis of adult animals and that the bodily measurements have low positive correlation with pelvic measurements.(AU)
O sagui-de-tufo-branco se destaca como um importante primata neotropical para as pesquisas biomédicas. Com o intuito de fornecer valores pelvimétricos que permitam a seleção de animais com melhores características para a reprodução, estudaram-se radiografias da pelve, em projeção ventrodorsal, de 12 animais, sendo seis machos e seis fêmeas, adultos, pertencentes ao Centro Nacional de Primatas - CENP. As mensurações realizadas foram referentes aos diâmetros diagonal direito (DDD), diagonal esquerdo (DDE), bi-ilíaco médio (DBIM), bi-ilíaco superior (DBIS), bi-ilíaco inferior (DBII), sacropúbico (DSP), além da área de entrada da pelve (AEP), os quais foram comparados em relação ao sexo e correlacionados com a biometria corpórea. Os resultados de médias e desvios-padrão com relação à pelvimetria (cm) foram: para o DDD nos machos de 1,91±0,14 e nas fêmeas de 2,05±0,08; DDE nos machos de 1,85±0,16 e nas fêmeas de 2,03±0,08; DBIM nos machos de 1,46±0,12 e nas fêmeas de 1,5±0; DBIS nos machos de 1,3±0,1 e nas fêmeas de 1,3±0,06; DBII nos machos de 1,35±0,15 e nas fêmeas de 1,25±0,08; DSP nos machos de 1,68±0,09 e nas fêmeas de 1,93±0,13; AEP nos machos de 1,9±0,26 e nas fêmeas de 2,23±0,13. Concluiu-se que a pelve de Callithrix jacchus pode ser classificada como do tipo dolicopélvica, existe dimorfismo sexual em relação às pelves de animais adultos e que as medidas corpóreas apresentam baixa correlação positiva com as medidas pélvicas.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Callitrichinae , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Pelvis , Primates , Radiografía/veterinaria , Biometría/métodos , Caracteres SexualesRESUMEN
Pelvic measurements were carried out in cats with various cranial conformations to (1) determine pelvic morphometry, (2) compare any pelvic differences with cranial conformation and gender and (3) determine whether body biometrics can be used to predict pelvic measurements. Thirteen brachycephalic and 14 mesaticephalic female cats and 17 brachycephalic and nine mesaticephalic male cats were used. Body and external pelvic measurements, as well as pelvic radiographs, were performed. Brachycephalic females all had external pelvic and radiographic measurements that were significantly smaller than those of the mesaticephalic females, including smaller pelvic inlet and outlet areas and a smaller pelvic canal shape. Brachycephalic females had wider and flatter heads than do mesaticephalic females. Similarly, brachycephalic males all have radiographic pelvic measurements that are smaller than those of mesaticephalic males. Males had larger pelvis measurements than did their female counterparts for both cranial types, and indirect pelvimetry did not demonstrate good predictive value in determining the internal pelvic measurements. Thus, we conclude that pelvic differences exist between genders and between brachycephalic and mesaticephalic cats. Furthermore, body biometric measurements do not have good predictive value for determining internal pelvic measurements.
Asunto(s)
Gatos/anatomía & histología , Craneosinostosis/veterinaria , Pelvis/anatomía & histología , Animales , Craneosinostosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Masculino , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Pelvis/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Animal and management factors associated with first service conception in nulliparous dairy heifers were determined in 601 Holstein heifers from a dairy farm in north central Florida. Animal data collected included body weight, height at the withers and tail head, body condition score at 6 months of age and just prior to first artificial insemination (AI), and pelvimetry measurements taken just prior to first AI. Management data included season of first AI, inseminator, service sire, method of estrus detection, whether the estrus of first insemination was induced using prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)), and whether the heifer received a modified live virus (MLV) vaccine within 21 days of first insemination. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Heifers inseminated in the summer were more than four times less likely to become pregnant to first insemination than heifers bred during the rest of the year (odds ratio (OR)=0.24; 95% CI=0.14, 0.41). Using secondary signs for estrus detection instead of standing estrus resulted in significantly reduced odds of conception to first service (OR=0.37; 95% CI 0.13, 1.02). Also, heifers inseminated at estrus induced by PGF(2alpha) were approximately one-third less likely to conceive than those heifers inseminated to a naturally occurring estrus (OR=0.66; 95% CI 0.46, 0.95). An interaction between pelvic size and breeding season was found indicating that large pelvic size had a significant positive effect on fertility in the summer, but was not associated with conception to first service in the winter.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/fisiología , Fertilización/fisiología , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria , Pelvis/anatomía & histología , Preñez/fisiología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Peso Corporal , Cruzamiento , Bovinos/anatomía & histología , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Detección del Estro/métodos , Femenino , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/inmunología , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , Paridad , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Embarazo , Índice de Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos , Estaciones del Año , Vacunas Virales/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Pelvimetry was performed on a computed tomographic scanner using dorsal and lateral scout-view images of 10 adult German shepherd dogs. The vertical and transverse diameters of the pelvis were measured and the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet areas were also calculated. No significant correlations between the pelvic measurements and body weight, age and sex were found. Although the conjugata vera, diameter verticalis, diameter sacralis, sagittal diameter and the distance between the two medial tubera ischiadica were longer in females, no significant statistical difference was found between male and female animals for all measurements. It is proposed that the computed tomographic pelvimetry should be preferred for the sensitive measurements when the normal standards are determined for different animal species and the cost is reduced to an acceptable level.
Asunto(s)
Perros/anatomía & histología , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Pelvis/anatomía & histología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Factores de Edad , Animales , Peso Corporal , Femenino , Masculino , Pelvimetría/economía , Pelvimetría/métodos , Caracteres Sexuales , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To measure pelvic canal diameter in dogs from a ventrodorsal radiographic view of the pelvic region, to define a normal pelvic canal diameter, to evaluate risk factors associated with stenosis of the pelvic canal secondary to sacroiliac separation, and to determine clinical signs associated with pelvic canal stenosis. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 84 case-group and 46 control-group dogs. PROCEDURE: Medical records and radiographs of dogs with conditions unrelated to pelvic fracture (control group) and dogs with sacroiliac separation (case group) in which radiographs were obtained before surgery, after surgery, or after fracture healing were reviewed. Discriminant analysis was used to determine a normal pelvic canal diameter. An ANOVA and Dunnett's two-sided test were used to determine factors associated with pelvic canal stenosis. RESULTS: Pelvic canal diameter ratio determined from control-group dogs was > or = 1.1. Pelvic canal diameter ratios were significantly less for case-group dogs on radiographs obtained before surgery and after fracture healing than for control-group dogs, regardless of fracture type or treatment, except for dogs with ilial fractures treated conservatively. Pelvic canal diameter ratios did not differ for case-group dogs on radiographs obtained after surgery from those for control-group dogs, except when ilial fractures were surgically reduced. None of the dogs had clinical signs associated with pelvic canal stenosis. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Pelvic canal diameter in dogs can be determined from a ventrodorsal radiographic view of the pelvic region. Dogs with pelvic fractures that have a normal pelvic canal diameter before surgery tend to have a normal pelvic canal diameter after fracture healing.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Fracturas de Cadera/veterinaria , Luxaciones Articulares/veterinaria , Huesos Pélvicos/patología , Articulación Sacroiliaca/lesiones , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Constricción Patológica/epidemiología , Constricción Patológica/etiología , Constricción Patológica/veterinaria , Análisis Discriminante , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/etiología , Perros , Femenino , Curación de Fractura , Fracturas de Cadera/complicaciones , Luxaciones Articulares/complicaciones , Masculino , Huesos Pélvicos/diagnóstico por imagen , Huesos Pélvicos/lesiones , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Radiografía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Live mass, reproduction and pelvic dimensions (determined mainly by radiographic pelvimetry at more than 4 years of age) were obtained for ewes of the Langgewens Merino flock (n = 102), ewes of the Tygerhoek Merino flock (n = 434) and ewes of the Elsenburg SA Mutton Merino (n = 130) and Dormer flocks (n = 130). Ewes were classified as "good" or "poor" according to their rearing ability (ewes rearing/ewes lambed--Er/El) and rearing performance (lambs reared/lambs born--Lr/Lb) averaged over at least 4 lambings in 4 to 5 lambing opportunities. Good ewes tended to be lighter than poor ewes at 18 months (Merino) or weaning (SA Mutton Merino and Dormer). This tendency was also reflected in live mass at the time of radiography, being significant (P < or = 0.01) in Tygerhoek Merinos. Good and poor ewes were similar with regard to fecundity (lambs born/ewes lambed) and lambing percentage (lambs born/ewes joined), but differed (P < or = 0.01) markedly with regard to rearing percentage (lambs reared/ewes joined), Er/El and Lr/Lb. Poor ewes constituted 6.9 to 21.7% of the available ewes in the respective flocks, and were involved in 38.9 to 56.9% of all cases of rearing failure. Good ewes had smaller (P < or = 0.07) transverse pelvic diameters than poor ewes in the Langgewens Merino and Elsenburg Dormer flocks, while rearing performance was independent of transverse diameter in the other two flocks. Good ewes generally had larger conjugate pelvic diameters than poor ewes, significantly (P < or = 0.05) so in the case of the 2 Merino flocks.
Asunto(s)
Cruzamiento , Huesos Pélvicos/anatomía & histología , Pelvis/anatomía & histología , Ovinos/anatomía & histología , Animales , Peso Corporal , Femenino , Fertilidad , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Pelvis/diagnóstico por imagen , Embarazo , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Two trials were conducted to evaluate effects of Synovex C implants on replacement heifers, given at two different ages. Crossbred heifer calves (n = 370) were allotted to four treatments: 1) nonimplanted controls, 2) implanted at 2 mo, 3) implanted at 6 mo, and 4) implanted at both 2 and 6 mo of age. Heifers implanted at 2 mo gained 7 kg more (P = .01) by 6 mo than those not implanted at 2 mo. No differences were found in 22-mo weights. All implanted heifers had larger (P = .01) yearling pelvic area than controls. All heifers implanted at 6 mo continued to have larger (P = .01) pelvic area at 22 mo. All implanted heifers had higher (P = .05) occurrence of non-ovulatory estrus. No differences were found among treatments in percentage of heifers puberal before breeding, in estrus first 21 d of breeding, or in first-service conception rate. In only one trial, pregnancy first 21 d and total pregnancy in 63-d breeding season were decreased (P = .05) by implanting at 6 mo. At subsequent calving, an interaction existed between the effects of the 2- and the 6-mo implant for calf birth weight and pelvic area:birth weight ratio. A single implant at either 2 or 6 mo decreased (P = .01) calving difficulty score; and implanting at both 2 and 6 mo showed the greatest reduction in calving difficulty. Implants had no significant long-term effects on reproduction or calf production of 2-yr-old cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Huesos Pélvicos/efectos de los fármacos , Progesterona/farmacología , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Peso al Nacer/efectos de los fármacos , Bovinos/fisiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Combinación de Medicamentos , Implantes de Medicamentos , Distocia/prevención & control , Distocia/veterinaria , Estradiol/administración & dosificación , Estradiol/farmacología , Femenino , Fertilidad/efectos de los fármacos , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/efectos de los fármacos , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/crecimiento & desarrollo , Huesos Pélvicos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Embarazo , Progesterona/administración & dosificación , Distribución Aleatoria , Maduración Sexual/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
To elucidate reasons for failure of pelvimetry to predict dystocia, we collected data from 1146 heifers and 210 cows in five beef cow herds in Saskatchewan. We assessed the reliability of pelvic area measurements, the generalizability of findings, various modifications of the technique, and the statistical association between pelvic area measurements and dystocia. The repeatability (kappa) of pelvic area measurements between and within veterinarians for the Rice and Krautmann pelvimeters were low to moderate, indicating pelvic area measurements were imprecise. The positive predictive values and sensitivities of pelvic area measurements were consistently poor across herds, years of study, breeds of heifers, times of measurement, various pelvic area cut-off points, and sires. Various modifications of the technique, including pelvic area/calf birth weight ratios, pelvic area/heifer weight ratios, and Ko's calving prediction equation were also poor on-farm tests for predicting dystocia. Although the mean pelvic area in heifers with dystocia was smaller than those without dystocia, there was a large overlap in the distribution of their measurements. Far too many heifers with a small pelvic area had no dystocia (false positives) and far too many heifers with a large pelvic area had dystocia (false negatives) for pelvimetry to be useful. We conclude there is little evidence to justify the continued use of pelvimetry as an on-farm test to reduce dystocia in beef cattle.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/diagnóstico , Distocia/veterinaria , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Distocia/diagnóstico , Distocia/prevención & control , Femenino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Embarazo , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Investigations into ovine pelvic size and its relationship to repetitive rearing failure require accurate estimation of pelvic dimensions in live animals. Radiographic pelvimetry was used to estimate pelvic dimensions of 84 Merino, 21 Dormer and 20 S A Mutton Merino ewes. Transverse diameter and conjugate diameter were estimated; the area of the pelvic inlet was defined as the product of transverse and conjugate diameters. Dissected measurements obtained from all ewes after slaughter were regressed on estimated dimensions to obtain prediction equations for the correction of radiographic estimates. Prediction equations for the estimation of dissected pelvic dimensions from radiographs were accurate (r greater than or equal to 0.87), irrespective of dimension estimated or breed. Derived equations for estimation of dissected pelvic dimensions for the 3 breeds were not statistically different. It was concluded that pelvic dimensions of ewes could accurately be predicted by radiographic pelvimetry.
Asunto(s)
Pelvimetría/veterinaria , Pelvis/anatomía & histología , Ovinos/anatomía & histología , Animales , Femenino , Pelvimetría/métodos , Pelvis/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
Progeny of a diallel among Simmental, Limousin, Polled Hereford and Brahman breeds of cattle were evaluated over 5 yr for preweaning and postweaning growth, hip height and pelvic size. Calves from Brahman and Simmental dams had the highest preweaning gains and weaning weights, and those from Polled Hereford dams had the lowest (P less than .05). Differences in the availability of milk and postpartum compensatory gains in progeny of Brahman dams could have contributed to these results. However, calves from Simmental, Limousin and Polled Hereford dams had significantly greater feedlot daily gains than those from Brahman dams. Yearling hip height and pelvic area were lower for progeny of Polled Hereford dams, whereas calves from Simmental, Limousin and Brahman dams were not different for these traits. A series of linear comparisons among these four breeds using least-squares means to estimate general and specific combining ability and maternal effects found significant, negative maternal effects for Polled Hereford for preweaning gain and weaning weight. A positive maternal effect (P less than .05) for Limousin was found for feedlot gain. General combining ability and maternal estimates were significant and variable in most comparisons for yearling hip height and pelvic area. Heterosis estimates were positive and significant in all crosses with Brahman for preweaning gain, weaning weight, yearling weight, hip height and pelvic area. Significant, positive heterosis was also found in Polled Hereford crosses with Limousin and Simmental for preweaning gain, weaning weight and yearling weight.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Constitución Corporal , Peso Corporal , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cruzamientos Genéticos , Huesos Pélvicos/anatomía & histología , Animales , Bovinos/genética , Femenino , Masculino , Pelvimetría/veterinariaRESUMEN
Pelvic measurements, cow weights and cow ages were obtained on 703 Angus- and Hereford-sired cows from five Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station herds. Cows were either purebred or crossbred, ranging in age from 1 to 14 yr, and sired by 52 Angus and 63 Hereford bulls. All pelvic measurements were obtained via the rectum by the same technician. Paternal half-sib heritability estimates and genetic (rG) and phenotypic (rP) correlations were computed for pelvic height (PH), pelvic width (PW), pelvic area (PA-I; the product of PH X PW), the ratio of PH to PW and cow weight (CW). Pelvic area was also calculated as an ellipse using the formula PA-II = pi (PH/2)(PW/2). Mean PA-I was 298.5 cm2 while PA-II averaged 234.4 cm2. The pooled heritability estimate for PA-I was .68 +/- .34, indicating that pelvic area is a highly heritable trait and should respond to selection. The estimate for PA-II was similar (.66 +/- .34). The heritability of PW was higher than for PH or PA-I. The heritability of CW was .57 +/- .34 and CW was positively correlated (rG2 = .47 and rP = .40) with PA-I. Direct selection for PA-I was estimated to yield a response of 12.2 cm2 in one generation with a correlated response for CW of 12.5 kg. If change in CW was held at zero using a restricted selection index, about 90% as much increase in PA-I was estimated compared with ignoring CW in the index. Therefore, selection for increased pelvic area can be accomplished without causing large increases in cow size. This should aid in reducing calving difficulty.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/genética , Huesos Pélvicos/anatomía & histología , Animales , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/genética , Distocia/veterinaria , Femenino , Pelvimetría/veterinaria , EmbarazoRESUMEN
External pelvic measurements were made in 837 adult ewes of 21 different breeds, the majority of which were rare breeds. The pelvic measurements were the intertuber coxal diameter, the distance between the lateral tuber ischii and medial tuber ischii and the rump length. There was a considerable breed variation with the Soay ewes having the smallest and the Suffolk the largest pelvic dimensions. However when the relationship between pelvic size and ewe's bodyweight was compared, the ratio of the medial tuber ischii:bodyweight and sum of four pelvic dimensions:bodyweight of the Soay was over twice that of the Suffolk ewes. When the size of the pelvis was related to the lamb's birth weight the Soay's was relatively larger. Dystocia caused by feto-maternal disproportion occurred in 19 ewes, all with singletons. In 16 cases involving four different breeds the birth weights of the lambs were significantly larger than those lambs which were born normally.