RESUMEN
Barbering poses risks of HIV transmission if it is not conducted in a hygienic manner. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and prevention practices regarding HIV transmission among barbers in the Ho Municipality, Ghana. A cross-sectional design was employed in Ho Municipality, and data were collected from 121 participants and analysed using Stata version 13.0 at the significance level of 0.05. Knowledge was low (63.6%) and was associated with attitude [COR=4.37 (95% CI: 1.98-9.62); p<0.001] and with level of education [COR=4.92 (95% CI: 1.70-14.21); p=0.003]. Attitude was inadequate (58.7%) and was associated with level of education [COR=3.47 (95% CI: 1.18-10.14); p=0.023]. Poor prevention practice was high (87.6%) and was associated with work experience [COR=20.72 (95% CI: 3.86-111.05); p<0.001] and location of operation [COR=4.92 (95% CI: 1.60-15.14); p=0.006]. Programmes aimed at improving knowledge, attitudes and practices should focus on Barbers in urban communities, those without any formal education, and those with less than five years work experience.
Asunto(s)
Peluquería , Contaminación de Equipos/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa de Profesional a Paciente/prevención & control , Exposición Profesional/prevención & control , Adulto , Peluquería/instrumentación , Peluquería/normas , Estudios Transversales , Escolaridad , Femenino , Ghana/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Salud Laboral , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Background. Bleeding from the popular clean-shave 'chiskop' haircut was recently reported as prevalent in South Africa (SA), a country with 6.9 million HIV-infected people.Objectives. To investigate the prevalence of barber hair clipper contamination with blood and HIV and hepatitis B viruses.Methods. Fifty barbers from three townships in Cape Town, SA, were invited to participate. One clipper from each barber was collected immediately after it had been used for a clean-shave haircut. Each clipper was rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline and then submerged in viral medium. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the blood-specific RNA marker haemoglobin beta (HBB), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV.Results. The clean-shave haircut was the most common haircut requested by clients (78%). Of the clippers collected, 42% were positive for HBB, confirming detection of blood, none were positive for HIV, and 4 (8%) were positive for HBV. Two clippers (clippers 16 and 20) were positive on qualitative HBV PCR. HBV DNA from clipper 16 clustered with genotype A sequences from SA, India, Brazil and Martinique, while clipper 20 clustered with SA genotype D sequences. The clipper 20 sequence was identical to a subtype D sequence (GenBank accession AY233291) from Gauteng, SA.Conclusions. This study confirms that there is significant contamination of barber hair clippers with blood and blood-borne viruses. Hepatitis B was detected with enough DNA copies to pose a risk of transmitting infection. Although HIV was not detected in this small study, the risk of transmission should be quantified. Further studies to investigate barber clipper sterilisation practices and whether the clean-shave hairstyle is an independent risk factor for HIV, HBV and hepatitis C virus infections are warranted. Public education on individual clipper ownership (as is the case with a toothbrush) should be advocated for clean-shave and blade-fade haircuts
Asunto(s)
Peluquería/instrumentación , Peluquería/métodos , Peluquería/normas , Sangre , Infecciones por VIH , Cabello , Virus de la Hepatitis B , SudáfricaAsunto(s)
Peluquería , Contaminación de Equipos/prevención & control , Saneamiento/normas , Enfermedades de la Piel , Peluquería/instrumentación , Peluquería/métodos , Peluquería/normas , Humanos , Salud Pública , Enfermedades de la Piel/etiología , Enfermedades de la Piel/prevención & control , SudáfricaRESUMEN
El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los indicadores del proceso de Rasurado en cirugías limpias, en un hospital universitario del Centro-Oeste brasileño. Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, de corte transversal, analítico. Se analizaron 700 historias clínicas de pacientes sometidos a cirugía limpia, de 2008 a 2010. Evidenció que, 27% (189) los pacientes fueron rasurados y 15,9% desarrolló infección del sitio quirúrgico, dato mayor que el encontrado en la literatura, se asume una tasa de entre 1 y 5%. Entre los indicadores de proceso relacionados al rasurado, 82,5% se realizaron hasta 2 horas antes de la incisión de la piel, 16,9% usaron una cuchilla de afeitar, el método estándar que se utiliza en el servicio y 83,1% de los registros, no había constancia del método utilizado para este procedimento. Se concluyó que el método de eliminación del vello mostró desacuerdo con los principios de funcionamiento seguro, siendo este un fuerte predictor de la tasa de infección encontrada en el estudio (AU)
The study is aimed at analyzing the indicators of the process of Trichotomy in clean surgeries in a teaching hospital in Central Brazil. This is a cross-sectional retrospective study, of analytical nature.700 medical records of patients submitted to clean surgeries from 2008 to 2010 were analyzed. It was shown that 27% (189) of the patients were trichotomized and 15.9% developed surgical site infection, given higher than that found in the literature, which admits a rate between 1 and 5%. Among the indicators of the process related to tricotomy, it became evident that 82,5% performed it until 2 hours before the skin incision, 16.9% used the razor blade, the standard method used in the service and 83.1% of the records, there was no reported the method used for this procedure. It was concluded that the method of hair removal disagreed with the principles of safe surgery, being a strong predictor of the rate of infection found in this study (AU)
O estudo objetivou analisar o indicador de processo Tricotomia em cirurgias limpas em um hospital de ensino do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo do tipo transversal, de natureza analítica. Analisou-se 700 prontuários de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia limpa, de 2008 a 2010. Evidenciou-se que, 27% (189) dos pacientes foram tricotomizados e 15,9% desenvolveram infecção do sítio cirúrgico, dado superior ao encontrado na literatura, que se admite uma taxa entre 1 e 5%. Dentre os indicadores de processo relacionados à tricotomia, 82,5% foi realizada até 2 horas antes da incisão da pele, 16,9% usaram a lâmina de barbear, método padrão empregado no serviço e 83,1% dos prontuários, não havia o registro do método utilizado para esse procedimento. Concluiu-se que, o método da tricotomia, demonstrou inconformidade com os princípios da cirurgia segura, sendo este, forte preditor da taxa de infecção encontrada no estudo
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Seguridad del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Seguridad del Paciente/normas , Cuidados Preoperatorios/enfermería , /tendencias , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/organización & administración , Indicadores de Calidad de la Atención de Salud/organización & administración , Indicadores de Calidad de la Atención de Salud/normas , Enfermería Perioperatoria/normas , Enfermería Perioperatoria , Cuidados Preoperatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Cuidados Preoperatorios/normas , Dehiscencia de la Herida Operatoria/enfermería , Dehiscencia de la Herida Operatoria/prevención & control , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/enfermería , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Peluquería/normas , Enfermería Perioperatoria/métodos , Enfermería Perioperatoria/organización & administración , Enfermería Perioperatoria/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is a growing concern that barbering procedures could create opportunities for HIV transmission. However, little is known about Nigerian barbers' practices relating to the prevention of HIV. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the precautionary measures for the prevention of HIV among commercial barbers in Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS: Data were collected using validated checklist to directly observe ninety barbering procedures in forty-five barber shops randomly selected from three communities that have been categorized as inner-core, transitory and peripheral. RESULTS: Respondents were all males with mean age of 36(±10.2) years. Ninety-eight percent had at least primary school education and all of them learnt barbering through apprenticeship. The instruments used were razor blades (11.1%), manual clippers (8.9%) and electric clippers (80%). Clippers were sterilized in 10% and disinfected in 72.5%, while no decontamination was carried out in 17.5% of the sessions. Fifty two percent of the disinfections involved the use of kerosene, a disinfectant not recommended for HIV inactivation; 48.3% of the disinfectants were not in the original containers while 53.4% of the sessions involved the use of same brush for cleaning clipper and brushing hair. Hand-held flame and Ultra-violet light sterilizer were used in 50% of the sterilization process. Barbers in the high-class peripheral communities were more likely to practice appropriate equipment decontamination than those from lower-class inner-core communities. There was blade-to-skin contact in all and accidental cuts occurred in three of the sessions and none was properly managed. CONCLUSION: The risk of transmitting HIV is high in the barbershops in the study area. Health education strategies such as training, supportive supervision and peer education are needed to facilitate the adoption of effective precautionary measures against HIV infection among barbers.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Trabajo/prevención & control , Peluquería , Contaminación de Equipos/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Accidentes de Trabajo/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Peluquería/instrumentación , Peluquería/métodos , Peluquería/normas , Estudios Transversales , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nigeria , Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Barbers are important professionals of the community which are still owned, cared and financed by the community especially the rural one. Barbers besides performing duties in social events like marriage, circumcision etc is also responsible for hair and nail cutting. In urban settings they have developed their profession by incorporating facial massage and make-up. It is the need of their profession to utilize instruments like knife, blades etc. The objective of the study was to assess awareness among barbers regarding health hazards related to their profession and to identify professional practices linked with infection transmission. METHODS: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Kharian city of district Gujrat, located almost mid-way between Lahore and Islamabad, from June 2003 to September 2003. Sample of 50 barbers were selected by simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire and a checklist. Data was analyzed using SPSS 10. RESULTS: The mean age of barbers interviewed was 33.3 years with SD +/- 8.3. It was found that 29 (58%) barbers denied about any health hazards associated with their profession whereas 21 (42%) had knew about hepatitis, AIDS; they also described the role of contaminated blades, clips, towels, apron, and combs in causing skin problems. It was observed that 90% of barbers did not wash hands, 80% did not change the apron, 66% did not change towel during barbering services to different customers. Besides 7 (14%) barbers were also performing minor surgeries like circumcision, in growing toe nail excision and abscess drainage. There was significant difference in level of awareness among barbers in respect of age; educational status and duration of working. Age group (15-25) had better knowledge about the health hazards than barbers in age group (26-50). There is a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the awareness of those who got formal education. As for the effect of media on the knowledge of these workers, it was observed that 78% of them had the access to TV and out of these 69% had significant knowledge about health hazards related to barbering profession. CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge among barbers about health hazards associated with their profession is very poor. Majority of them do not have any perception of unhealthy working practices in barbering. Awareness about threat of receiving hazardous infection from their customers is also unsatisfactory.
Asunto(s)
Concienciación , Peluquería , Educación en Salud , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Salud Laboral , Accidentes de Trabajo/prevención & control , Accidentes de Trabajo/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Peluquería/instrumentación , Peluquería/normas , Estudios Transversales , Contaminación de Equipos , Desinfección de las Manos , Humanos , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa de Profesional a Paciente/prevención & control , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Persona de Mediana Edad , Exposición Profesional , Pakistán , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio es determinar, mediante un ensayo clínico aleatorio controlado, si se produce algún aumento en el número de bacteriurias postoperatorias de un grupo de pacientes sometidos a cirugía urológica endoscópica, a los que no se rasura la región púbica (práctica inhabitual en la preparación quirúrgica actual). MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: El estudio se realizó distribuyendo a los pacientes que iban a ser intervenidos mediante cirugía urológica endoscópica de forma aleatoria en dos grupos. A un grupo se le rasuró la región púbica, según las técnicas habituales, mientras que al otro grupo no se le rasuró dicha región; el resto de la preparación fue igual para ambos grupos. Se recogieron muestras de orina para su cultivo antes de la administración del antibiótico profiláctico y se volvieron a tomar a la semana de retirar la sonda vesical, ya sin tratamiento antibiótico. Se prestó especial atención a las incidencias del postoperatorio, sobre todo, a las de naturaleza infecciosa. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron un total de 449 pacientes, de los cuales 149 fueron retirados del estudio por diferentes causas. De estos, 149 fueron rasurados y 151 no lo fueron. En el grupo de pacientes no rasurados se observó una tasa de bacteriuria postoperatoria del 19,5%, mientras que en el otro grupo fue del 16,6%, no observándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas. CONCLUSIÓN: La conclusión a la que se llegó es que no se produce un aumento de bacteriurias postoperatorias en los pacientes sometidos a cirugía urológica endoscópica, a los que no se les rasura la región púbica, en comparación con el grupo de pacientes que son rasurados con cuchillas desechables
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the effects of preoperative shaving of the pubic region on postoperative bacteriuria after endoscopic urological surgery. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study was carried out distributing the patients undergoing endoscopic urological surgery in a controlled randomized way in two groups. In a group the pubic region was shaved, according to the habitual techniques, while the other group was not shaved; the rest of the preparation was the same for both groups. Urine samples were collected for their culture before the administration of the prophylactic antibiotic and a week after the removal of the Foley catheter, yet without antibiotic treatment. Special attention was paid to the postoperative incidences, mainly, those of infectious nature. RESULTS: They were included a total of 449 patients, of which 149 were removed from the study by different causes. Of these, 149 were shaved and 151 were not it. In the group of unshaved patients a 19,5% of postoperative bacteriurias was observed, while in the other group it was of 16,6%. Differences in both groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there is no an increase of postoperative bacteriurias in the unshaved patients undergoing endoscopic urological surgery, compared with the group of patients shaved with disposable bladders