RESUMEN
The experiment describes for the first time the clinicopathological features of the co-infection of Peste des petit Ruminants (PPR) virus and Mannheimia haemolytica,in goats. Twenty clinically healthy goats, six months of age were used. 15 goats were infected by intratracheal inoculation of 1ml of pure cultured 106.5 TCID50 PPR virus grown in Baby hamster kidney cell lines, and a week later,1 ml of pure culture (109 CFU) of Mannheimia haemolytica (MH)A2 to study its clinico-pathological features and five goats served as controls. The clinical signs were observed and two goats were euthanized at predetermined intervals for gross examinations, bacteriological, virological and histopathological investigations on tissues collected using standard techniques. The clinical signs were severe and the order of manifestation was anorexia, pyrexia, dyspnea, oculo-nasal discharge, recumbency and death. The lesions observed were severe fibrinous bronchointerstitial pneumonia and pleurisy with thickened alveolar septa, edema and neutrophilic infiltrations of the interstitium with giant cells. There was also marked erosive stomatitis and acute enteritis. The average percentage lung consolidation for the infection was 7.01% and the right lung was more affected (p<0.05) while the overall mortality was 33.3%. MHA:2 and PPR virus were re-isolated from the lungs. The clinicopathological features observed showed that goats were susceptible to co- infection of PPR and Mannheimiosis which was severe and fatal. The data should help veterinarians and other medical experts to recognize cases of bacterial complicated viral infection and be informed of the approach to the treatment of such conditions.
Asunto(s)
Coinfección/patología , Cabras , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/patología , Peste de los Pequeños Rumiantes/patología , Peste de los Pequeños Rumiantes/veterinaria , Animales , Línea Celular , Coinfección/veterinaria , Coinfección/virología , Cricetinae , Femenino , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Mannheimia haemolytica , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/complicaciones , Peste de los Pequeños Rumiantes/complicaciones , Virus de la Peste de los Pequeños RumiantesRESUMEN
Sixteen 3-week-old calves were intratracheally inoculated with Mycoplasma bovis. Follow-up consisted of regular bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) and clinical examinations. Animals were slaughtered from 4 to 21 days after inoculation. Counts were made of the mycoplasmas and other bacteria systematically isolated from the BAL liquids and lung lobes after slaughter. On the 6th day, spectinomycin 20mg/kg was given intramuscularly in three repeated doses at 24h intervals to six randomly chosen calves. All animals had developed a persistent M. bovis infection with a maximum BAL count on the 6th day (start of treatment). Co-occuring Pasteurella multocida infection was found in most animals with a maximum rate on the 14th day. The extent of lung surface lesions varied widely (0-64%) but was greater in the later slaughtered calves. Average counts of M. bovis and P. multocida in the BAL liquids were lower in treated calves than in untreated ones but the difference was not statistically significant. However, M. bovis and P. multocida counts in the lungs of the treated group were significantly lower than in the untreated group (p=0.003 and 0.009, respectively).
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía por Mycoplasma/veterinaria , Espectinomicina/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Lavado Broncoalveolar/veterinaria , Bovinos , Inyecciones Intramusculares/veterinaria , Mycoplasma/efectos de los fármacos , Pasteurella multocida , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/complicaciones , Neumonía por Mycoplasma/complicaciones , Neumonía por Mycoplasma/tratamiento farmacológico , Espectinomicina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
A 4-mo-old free-ranging Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) from the Hells Canyon area (Washington, USA) was diagnosed with encephalitis associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection. The sheep had concurrent pneumonic pasteurellosis and resided in a geographic area with endemic Pasteurella-associated pneumonia and mortality in bighorn sheep. The brain had multifocal necrotizing and nonsuppurative encephalitis with intralesional protozoa. The protozoa were identified as T. gondii by immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. gondii infection in a Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep.
Asunto(s)
Encefalitis/veterinaria , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/complicaciones , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Toxoplasma/patogenicidad , Toxoplasmosis Animal/complicaciones , Toxoplasmosis Cerebral/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Encéfalo/parasitología , Encéfalo/patología , Encefalitis/complicaciones , Encefalitis/patología , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Histocitoquímica , Pulmón/patología , Pasteurella/patogenicidad , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/patología , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/patología , Toxoplasma/citología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/parasitología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/patología , Toxoplasmosis Cerebral/complicaciones , Toxoplasmosis Cerebral/patología , WashingtónRESUMEN
In addition to the lipoprotein-deficient d > 1.25 fraction, haptoglobin was detected in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the very high-density lipoprotein (VHDL) fractions from sera of calves with experimental pneumonia and cows with naturally occurring fatty liver. It was not found in the chylomicrons, very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein fractions. Washing of the HDL fraction did not decrease the haptoglobin concentration. Transferrin and immunoglobulin G were immunoblotted to examine the possibility of contamination of the lipoprotein fractions by the d > 1.25 fraction. The two serum proteins were detected only in the d > 1.25 fraction, not in any lipoprotein fractions. The distribution pattern of haptoglobin in the lipoprotein fractions was distinct from that of serum albumin. Concentrations of haptoglobin in the HDL fractions from pneumonic sera were largely proportional to those in whole sera. Cholesteryl ester concentrations were decreased in sera from calves with pneumonia, as in cows with fatty liver. A protein immunologically related to hemoglobin was also detected in particular in the VHDL fractions from sera of both groups. These results suggest that haptoglobin or a complex with the hemoglobin-like protein may have a role or roles related to the lipid metabolism.
Asunto(s)
Hígado Graso/veterinaria , Haptoglobinas/análisis , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangre , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/sangre , Animales , Bovinos , Hígado Graso/sangre , Hígado Graso/complicaciones , Femenino , Técnicas de Inmunoadsorción/veterinaria , Masculino , Mannheimia haemolytica , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/complicacionesRESUMEN
Pasteurella multocida has been implicated as the cause of a variety of respiratory conditions (eg, bronchitis, pneumonia, lung abscess, empyema), but hemoptysis has been noted only in conjunction with other lung conditions. We report a case in which hemoptysis was the sole manifestation of Pasteurella infection. The patient was a middle-aged man with severe obstructive lung disease and exposure to cats. Diagnosis was made by bronchoscopy and high-dose penicillin was required for resolution.
Asunto(s)
Hemoptisis/etiología , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/diagnóstico , Animales , Gatos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/complicaciones , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/complicaciones , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , ZoonosisRESUMEN
The protective effect of an inactivated whole-virion bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) immunising inoculum, without adjuvant, against viral-bacterial respiratory disease was studied in three experimental treatment groups of five calves each. One group was boosted 14 days after the first vaccination and at this time the second group received their initial inoculation. Seven days later, calves were challenged with BHV-1 in aerosol and four days after this challenge all calves were exposed to Pasteurella haemolytica A1 in aerosol. Among the three groups, differences in rectal temperature responses four days after viral challenge (P less than 0.01) did not relate to protection. However the main response variable, viral-bacterial pneumonia, was reduced in boosted calves (P less than 0.05).
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Bacterianas , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/inmunología , Rinotraqueítis Infecciosa Bovina/inmunología , Mannheimia haemolytica/inmunología , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/prevención & control , Aerosoles , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/aislamiento & purificación , Inmunización Secundaria/veterinaria , Rinotraqueítis Infecciosa Bovina/complicaciones , Rinotraqueítis Infecciosa Bovina/prevención & control , Laringe/patología , Pulmón/microbiología , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Mannheimia haemolytica/aislamiento & purificación , Mucosa Nasal/microbiología , Tonsila Palatina/microbiología , Tonsila Palatina/patología , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/complicaciones , Organismos Libres de Patógenos Específicos , Tráquea/patología , Vacunación/veterinaria , Vacunas de Productos InactivadosRESUMEN
Seven yearling bulls were treated with stressful exercise and intrabronchial Pasteurella haemolytica A1. Group 1 bulls (nos. 1-4) underwent treadmill exercise and, 24 days later, intrabronchial instillation of P. haemolytica A1. Group 2 bulls (nos. 5-7) underwent treadmill exercise, followed 30 min later by intrabronchial P. haemolytica A1. Blood lactic acid values were raised (p less than 0.05) by treadmill exercise only, but plasma cortisol was raised (p less than 0.05) by treadmill exercise and by P. haemolytica A1 infection. Neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) differed from control values 24 h after treadmill exercise, and 1 h and 4 h after P. haemolytica A1 infection. Respiratory disease was more severe and the gross lung lesions were larger in group 2 bulls than in group 1 bulls. P. haemolytica A1 was recovered from the livers, spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes of group 2 but not group 1 bulls, suggesting that group 2 bulls had experienced bacteraemia. Decreased neutrophils in BAL fluid from group 2 bulls at 1 h and 4 h after infection suggests that exercise transiently inhibited neutrophil egress from the blood to the alveoli; BAL neutrophils peaked at 1 h and 4 h after infection in group 1 bulls but declined at 24 h. We conclude that group 2 bulls were made more susceptible to experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis by stressful exercise.