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BACKGROUND: The influence of birth mode on redox balance is unknown in dogs. We aimed to compare antioxidant activity and oxidative stress of puppies born by elective c-section or vaginal delivery. METHODS: Twenty-one bitches were elected for spontaneous vaginal delivery (n = 10) and elective cesarean section (n = 11) groups, considering only the first and last puppies born. Neonatal oxygen saturation, lactatemia, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity; marker of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) and protein oxidation were analysed at birth, 1 h, 12 h, 24 h and 72 h. RESULTS: C-section newborns had lower oximetry at birth and 1 h. Lactatemia was higher in the last vaginal delivery puppies and higher at birth, and 1 h. Regardless of birth mode, last puppies had hyperlactatemia at birth. Vaginal delivery puppies had higher TBARS, while protein oxidation was higher in c-section, mostly in last puppies. C-section puppies had higher GPx activity, whereas GSH concentration decreased overtime. Surgically born puppies had lowering SOD between 12 h and 72 h. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal delivery enhances lipid peroxidation, counteracted mostly by GPx. Conversely, c-section triggers protein oxidation, acutely scavenged by SOD and GSH, thus puppies are less exposed to the negative consequences of oxidative stress.

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The aim of this study was (i) to evaluate the relationship of climatic factors with gestational length (GL) and (ii) to evaluate the relationship of sire, foal gender and maternal factors with GL in mares. Retrospective data from 470 gestations of 202 respective mares were collected from a Criollo breeding farm in the southern hemisphere. GL was considered as the interval between ovulation and parturition. Climatic and environmental data (temperature, relative humidity, daily sunshine hours, precipitation, temperature humidity index - THI) were obtained daily and the mean values for foaling month and season were calculated. A multiple factor analysis of variance was performed to determine the relationship of the independent variables and interactions related to the mare, foal gender and stallion, and those related to the weather in each season of the year with GL as the dependent variable. The mean ± standard error (SE) of GL for the 470 gestations was 337 ± 0.4 days with a range of 311-363 days. Young-primiparous mares (340±0.9) had longer gestations (P < .001) than young-multiparous (336 ± 0.7) and mature-multiparous (334 ± 0.7) mares. Foal gender had no effect on GL. Gestational length was found to be affected by the stallion. Mares which experienced an autumn and winter gestational period with less daily sunshine hours had an increased GL (P < .05). In conclusion, environmental and climatic factors during pregnancy influenced the GL in mares, specifically, daily sunshine hours, precipitation and THI presented a negative correlation with GL. Young-primiparous Criollo mares presented longer gestational lengths than young or mature multiparous mares.

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Elastography is an actual imaging method used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the elastic properties of tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare uterine tissue biometry and stiffness during post-partum period in brachycephalic bitches (n = 12) after c-section (GCS; n = 8) or normal delivery (GNB; n = 4). These animals were evaluated daily by abdominal ultrasound from the day of delivery until the 10th day post-partum; measuring uterine diameter, myometrial and endometrial thickness (mm) and shear wave velocity (SWV; m/s), by B-mode and ARFI (acoustic radiation force impulse) elastography, respectively. Uterine diameter was higher (p = .012) in animals submitted to c-section (15.26 ± 4.73 mm) than in normal birth (12.53 ± 2.64 mm) during the first 7 days post-partum. Uterine thickness gradually involuted in both groups (p < .0001), the myometrium during the first 9 days (p = .005) and the endometrium during the first 6 days (p = .003). The myometrial and endometrial SWVs were similar between types of delivery (p = .7846 and .8273) and presented a gradual increase (p = .411; .0043, respectively), during the first 10 days post-partum. It was concluded that bitches with normal delivery had smaller uterine thickness and faster puerperal involution than submitted to c-section, while uterine tissue stiffness was similar between delivery types and increased gradually during post-partum.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of duration of calving and obstetric assistance on retained placenta incidence of high milk production Holstein cows. Experimental groups were determined according to the duration of the expulsive phase of calving: 2 h (n = 16), 2-4 h (n = 16) and >4 h (n = 12), and additionally allocated in two sub-groups: spontaneous calving (n = 22) and intervention calving (n = 22). Diagnosis of retained placenta was considered with a threshold of 8 h after the expulsive phase. Cows without obstetric intervention, with labor duration of 2 h, presented reduced time needed for placental release, in comparison to those with obstetric assistance. In the 2-4 h group and >4 h, there was no statistical difference. The 2 h and 2-4 h groups with intervention and the spontaneous >4 h group were considered retained placenta groups. On the other hand, performing obstetric intervention when calving period was superior to 4 h nulled the occurrence of retention of fetal membranes. As a conclusion, obstetric assistance predisposes placental retention to calving with <2 h of duration in dairy cows. Conversely, when calving is more than 4 h, performing fetal extraction has a beneficial influence on preventing retained placenta.

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The aim of this paper is to describe the series of gynecological and obstetric clinical care in cats at theanimal hospital. Data were obtained during the sessions from March to August 2014 2015. In this work were217 cases in dogs that were verified with the help of abdominal palpation and ultrasound and biopsy materialcollection were made possible the diagnosis. It was noted that during obstetric and gynecological diagnoses thedogs met presented cases of gestation (29.49%), Pseudociese (12.44%), fetal Maceration (11.05%), fetalMummification (0.46%) of all cases. Distorcias cases were diagnosed (8.29%), physiological (2.76%) andpuerperal eclampsia (1.38%). Among physiological Diagnostics was found 1 case of anestrus and 1 of estrus.This study reinforces the lack of information regarding the use of contraception is one of the main reasons forthe occurrence of these cases described above.

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The aim of this paper is to describe the series of gynecological and obstetric clinical care in cats at theanimal hospital. Data were obtained during the sessions from March to August 2014 2015. In this work were217 cases in dogs that were verified with the help of abdominal palpation and ultrasound and biopsy materialcollection were made possible the diagnosis. It was noted that during obstetric and gynecological diagnoses thedogs met presented cases of gestation (29.49%), Pseudociese (12.44%), fetal Maceration (11.05%), fetalMummification (0.46%) of all cases. Distorcias cases were diagnosed (8.29%), physiological (2.76%) andpuerperal eclampsia (1.38%). Among physiological Diagnostics was found 1 case of anestrus and 1 of estrus.This study reinforces the lack of information regarding the use of contraception is one of the main reasons forthe occurrence of these cases described above.(AU)

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The objective of this study is to report a case of indigestion caused by the mango intake by a dairy cow in late gestation, created in the city of Itaporanga Dajuda, state of Sergipe, Brazil. It was reported that the animal had recurring bloat, followed by bilateral nasal seromucous secretion. At the Large Animal Clinic on the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty Pio Décimo, the animal was submitted to a cesarean section with calf birth at term, followed by rumenotomy, whereby were removed 174 mango pits. The rumen content was acidotic (pH 5.0). The systemic involvement was evident in hematological tests, presenting leukocytosis by neutrophilia with left desviation and change in values for liver and kidney function. After six hours of surgery the animal died. In the autopsy observed ruminal mucosa detachment, and the presence of another mango pit. Histologically, hepatic and kidney congestion. The rumen mucous layer presented also multifocal areas of perivascular neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate layer.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de indigestão causado pela ingestão de manga por uma vaca leiteira, em final de gestação, criado no município de Itaporanga Dajuda-SE. Foi relatado que o animal apresentou timpanismo recidivante, seguido de secreção nasal bilateral seromucosa. Na Clínica de Grandes Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade Pio Décimo, o mesmo foi submetido a cesariana, com nascimento de bezerro a termo, seguida de rumenotomia onde foram retirados 174 caroços de manga. O conteúdo ruminal encontrava-se acidótico (pH 5,0). O comprometimento sistêmico ficou evidente nos exames hematológicos, diante de um quadro de leucocitose por neutrofilia com desvio à esquerda, e alteração nos valores referentes a função hepática e renal. Após seis horas do procedimento cirúrgico o animal veio a óbito. No exame necroscópico observou-se hiperemia de mucosa ruminal, além da presença de mais um caroço. Histologicamente observou-se congestão hepática e renal e rúmen com áreas multifocais de infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico perivascular na camada mucosa.(AU)

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The objective of this study is to report a case of indigestion caused by the mango intake by a dairy cow in late gestation, created in the city of Itaporanga Dajuda, state of Sergipe, Brazil. It was reported that the animal had recurring bloat, followed by bilateral nasal seromucous secretion. At the Large Animal Clinic on the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty Pio Décimo, the animal was submitted to a cesarean section with calf birth at term, followed by rumenotomy, whereby were removed 174 mango pits. The rumen content was acidotic (pH 5.0). The systemic involvement was evident in hematological tests, presenting leukocytosis by neutrophilia with left desviation and change in values for liver and kidney function. After six hours of surgery the animal died. In the autopsy observed ruminal mucosa detachment, and the presence of another mango pit. Histologically, hepatic and kidney congestion. The rumen mucous layer presented also multifocal areas of perivascular neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate layer.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de indigestão causado pela ingestão de manga por uma vaca leiteira, em final de gestação, criado no município de Itaporanga Dajuda-SE. Foi relatado que o animal apresentou timpanismo recidivante, seguido de secreção nasal bilateral seromucosa. Na Clínica de Grandes Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade Pio Décimo, o mesmo foi submetido a cesariana, com nascimento de bezerro a termo, seguida de rumenotomia onde foram retirados 174 caroços de manga. O conteúdo ruminal encontrava-se acidótico (pH 5,0). O comprometimento sistêmico ficou evidente nos exames hematológicos, diante de um quadro de leucocitose por neutrofilia com desvio à esquerda, e alteração nos valores referentes a função hepática e renal. Após seis horas do procedimento cirúrgico o animal veio a óbito. No exame necroscópico observou-se hiperemia de mucosa ruminal, além da presença de mais um caroço. Histologicamente observou-se congestão hepática e renal e rúmen com áreas multifocais de infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico perivascular na camada mucosa.

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Na medicina veterinária, protocolos anestésicos de cirurgias cesarianas devem sercuidadosamente avaliados a fim de evitar o comprometimento vital de mães e neonatos. Protocolosanestésicos inalatórios, utilizando isofluorano e sevofluorano, assim como a anestesia epidural comlidocaína ou bupivacaína, são prioritariamente recomendados em cesarianas caninas e felinas, porcausarem mínimos efeitos depressivos, não comprometendo a viabilidade e sobrevivência fetal. Por suavez, protocolos injetáveis utilizando tiopental, xilazina, prilocaína e mepivacaína são os menosrecomendados por causarem maiores efeitos depressivos. Assim, objetivou-se abordar uma revisão deliteratura comparativa dos diferentes efeitos anestésicos sobre os fetos caninos e felinos nascidos decesarianas.

In veterinary medicine, anesthetic protocols for cesarean should be carefully evaluated inorder to avoid health issues for mothers and newborns. Inhalational anesthetic protocols using sevofluraneand isoflurane, and epidural anesthesia with lidocaine or bupivacaine are primarily recommended forcesarean sections in dogs and cats by causing minimal depressive effects while doesn´t commits theviability and fetal survival. On the other hand, dissociative protocols using thiopental, xylazine,mepivacaine and prilocaine are less recommended for causing major depressive effects. Thus, this studyaimed to address a comparative literature review of different anesthetic effects on canines and felinesfetuses born from cesarean.

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Na medicina veterinária, protocolos anestésicos de cirurgias cesarianas devem sercuidadosamente avaliados a fim de evitar o comprometimento vital de mães e neonatos. Protocolosanestésicos inalatórios, utilizando isofluorano e sevofluorano, assim como a anestesia epidural comlidocaína ou bupivacaína, são prioritariamente recomendados em cesarianas caninas e felinas, porcausarem mínimos efeitos depressivos, não comprometendo a viabilidade e sobrevivência fetal. Por suavez, protocolos injetáveis utilizando tiopental, xilazina, prilocaína e mepivacaína são os menosrecomendados por causarem maiores efeitos depressivos. Assim, objetivou-se abordar uma revisão deliteratura comparativa dos diferentes efeitos anestésicos sobre os fetos caninos e felinos nascidos decesarianas.(AU)

In veterinary medicine, anesthetic protocols for cesarean should be carefully evaluated inorder to avoid health issues for mothers and newborns. Inhalational anesthetic protocols using sevofluraneand isoflurane, and epidural anesthesia with lidocaine or bupivacaine are primarily recommended forcesarean sections in dogs and cats by causing minimal depressive effects while doesn´t commits theviability and fetal survival. On the other hand, dissociative protocols using thiopental, xylazine,mepivacaine and prilocaine are less recommended for causing major depressive effects. Thus, this studyaimed to address a comparative literature review of different anesthetic effects on canines and felinesfetuses born from cesarean.(AU)

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O presente trabalho visou avaliar a vitalidade e os níveis séricos de cortisol de bezerros neonatos, nascidos de partos eutócicos e auxiliados, bem como determinar os índices de partos distócicos em vacas receptoras de embriões nelores. Cerca de 310 bezerros foram avaliados. Observou-se a ocorrência de 38 partos distócicos (38/310) e de oito abortos (8/310). Os bezerros nascidos de partos distócicos mais duradouros, entre quatro e seis horas, apresentaram os maiores valores médios de frequência respiratória e dos níveis séricos de cortisol. A temperatura retal foi mais elevada em animais nascidos de partos laboriosos do que naqueles nascidos de partos normais. As taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em animais neonatos nelores foram de 77,93 por cento e 3,44 por cento, respectivamente. O emprego do escore APGAR, ao nascimento, demonstrou que 90 por cento dos bezerros apresentavam-se deprimidos, independente do tipo de nascimento.(AU)

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the vitality and the serum levels of cortisol from newborn calves by normal and laborious deliveries, and to obtain the distocia register in Nelore embryo recipient cows. Three hundred ten calves were evaluated. The register of 38 dystocic calvings (38/310) and 8 abortions (8/310) were observed. In newborn animals the morbity and mortality rates were 77.93 percent and 3.44 percent, respectively. Calves born after long dystocic calving, lasting 4-6 hours, showed the highest mean values of respiratory frequency and serum cortisol levels. Animals born after laborious calving presented higher rectal temperature than those born at normal calving. The APGAR score showed that 90 percent calves had signs of dullness independent of parturition type.(AU)

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O presente trabalho visou avaliar a vitalidade e os níveis séricos de cortisol de bezerros neonatos, nascidos de partos eutócicos e auxiliados, bem como determinar os índices de partos distócicos em vacas receptoras de embriões nelores. Cerca de 310 bezerros foram avaliados. Observou-se a ocorrência de 38 partos distócicos (38/310) e de oito abortos (8/310). Os bezerros nascidos de partos distócicos mais duradouros, entre quatro e seis horas, apresentaram os maiores valores médios de frequência respiratória e dos níveis séricos de cortisol. A temperatura retal foi mais elevada em animais nascidos de partos laboriosos do que naqueles nascidos de partos normais. As taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em animais neonatos nelores foram de 77,93 por cento e 3,44 por cento, respectivamente. O emprego do escore APGAR, ao nascimento, demonstrou que 90 por cento dos bezerros apresentavam-se deprimidos, independente do tipo de nascimento.

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the vitality and the serum levels of cortisol from newborn calves by normal and laborious deliveries, and to obtain the distocia register in Nelore embryo recipient cows. Three hundred ten calves were evaluated. The register of 38 dystocic calvings (38/310) and 8 abortions (8/310) were observed. In newborn animals the morbity and mortality rates were 77.93 percent and 3.44 percent, respectively. Calves born after long dystocic calving, lasting 4-6 hours, showed the highest mean values of respiratory frequency and serum cortisol levels. Animals born after laborious calving presented higher rectal temperature than those born at normal calving. The APGAR score showed that 90 percent calves had signs of dullness independent of parturition type.

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