RESUMEN

Hormonal protocols based on progestogens and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) are efficient for estrus and ovulation synchronization in ewes. Although eCG is indispensable during seasonal anestrus, it may not be necessary during the breeding season. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that GnRH is effective in replacing eCG during the breeding season allowing satisfactory ovulation rate, luteal function and conception rates after timed artificial insemination (TAI). Ewes (n = 134) with a minimum body condition score of 2.5 (0-5 scale) were treated with intravaginal devices (IVD) containing 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for seven days and received 0.26 mg of sodium cloprostenol at the time of IVD removal. In Exp. 1, at IVD removal, ewes (n = 29) were allocated to three groups: eCG (200 IU at IVD removal; n = 10); eCG+GnRH (200 IU eCG at IVD removal and 4 µg of buserelin 36 h later; n = 10); or GnRH (buserelin 36 h after IVD removal; n = 9). Blood samples were collected 2, 6 and 12 days after TAI moment (54 h after IVD removal), for progesterone (P4) analysis. In Exp 2, the ewes were allocated to eCG (n = 10) or GnRH (n = 10) groups, as above described, and ovulation moment was evaluated 54, 66 and 78 h after IVD removal. In Exp 3, TAI was performed in ewes from eCG (n = 45) and GnRH (n = 40) groups using 100 × 106 motile spermatozoa from a pool of semen collected from four rams. In Exp. 1, based on P4 levels, we confirmed that all the ewes ovulated (29/29) and there was no significant effect of group (P = 0.89) or group x day (P = 0.18) on P4 concentration, being observed a significant effect of day (P = 0.0001). In Exp. 2, the maximum DF diameter (P = 0.26) and ovulation moment (P = 0.69) did not differ between groups. In Exp. 3, pregnancy rate was significantly lower (P = 0.02) in GnRH (22.5 %; 9/40) compared to eCG (46.7 %; 21/45). The results indicate that, although ovulation and luteal function were not altered after eCG, eCG+GnRH or GnRH treatment, GnRH alone before TAI cannot be used to replace eCG treatment during the breeding season.

Asunto(s)

Gonadotropina Coriónica , Sincronización del Estro , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina , Inseminación Artificial , Animales , Femenino , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/farmacología , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/administración & dosificación , Ovinos/fisiología , Gonadotropina Coriónica/farmacología , Gonadotropina Coriónica/administración & dosificación , Embarazo , Sincronización del Estro/métodos , Progesterona/sangre , Progesterona/farmacología , Progesterona/administración & dosificación , Estaciones del Año , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/administración & dosificación , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/farmacología , Ovulación/efectos de los fármacos , Ovulación/fisiología , Gonadotropinas Equinas/farmacología , Gonadotropinas Equinas/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

Batch spawner fishes develop successive clutches of oocytes which allows them to participate in many reproductive cycles during their adult life (iteroparous) and spawn in multiple events within each breeding cycle. Here, ovarian follicular development was morpho-functionally analyzed in females of the iteroparous batch spawner fish Gymnocorymbus ternetzi. To obtain better insights into the reproductive morpho-physiology in batch spawners, the objective of this research was to analyze the dynamics of the follicular development, with its hormonal regulation between two active reproduction events. We found that over 16 days, follicles progressed asynchronously to chromatin nucleolus, Primary and Secondary growth stages of oogenesis with progressive secretion of 17ß-estradiol (E2). During the end of secondary growth, the increase in 17α,20ß-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20ß-p) was measured relative to the maturation process of the ovarian follicles (e.g., nuclear migration and its rupture during the resumption of meiosis). Interestingly, an additional increase in E2 was observed after fish reproduction, probably related to the recruitment of new batch follicles for secondary growth. We also measured the high values of multiple condition factor post-reproduction measurements, reflecting more energy invested during the pre-reproductive process. We also quantified high concentrations of 17,20ß-p, probably related to the recruitment of a new batch of oogonia to meiosis, presumably secreted by post-ovulatory follicles, after fish reproduction. We finally found that fish without exposure to reproductive stimulus developed a regression phase at day 24, characterized by massive follicle atresia, that allow them to recycle energy and constitutive materials of the follicles invested during oogenesis for another reproductive cycle.

Asunto(s)

Estradiol , Folículo Ovárico , Ovulación , Animales , Femenino , Folículo Ovárico/fisiología , Estradiol/metabolismo , Ovulación/fisiología , Oogénesis/fisiología , Reproducción , Hidroxiprogesteronas

RESUMEN

Ovarian puncture has been widely used in assisted reproduction, but there are still gaps about its effects on ovarian morphophysiology, as well as the relationship between inflammation caused by this procedure and the follicular growth and fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ovarian puncture on folliculogenesis and fertility. Mice (n = 24) were divided into two groups: (1) SHAM-both ovaries were exposed and repositioned and (2) Punctured-ovaries were exposed, punctured, and repositioned. After 96 h of surgery, ovaries were collected for morphofunctional analysis. New females were used for the superovulation (n = 10) and fertility assays (n = 10). Increased volumetric density of inflammatory cells-p = 0.0005, p = 0.0013; hemorrhagic foci-p < 0.0001; and inflammatory exudate-p < 0.0001 could be noticed on the punctured group, compared to SHAM. The percentage of primordial follicles was lower on the punctured ovaries (p = 0.00294). Ovarian puncture has also induced an increase in the proliferation of granulosa cells of primary (p = 0.0321) and antral follicles (p = 0.0395), and an increased apoptotic index of antral follicles (p = 0.0100). There was no influence on expression of some genes related to inflammation, collagen deposition and folliculogenesis progression. The reproductive aspects (oocyte retrieval and number of fetuses per female) were not altered (p > 0.05). Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that ovarian puncture results in a local inflammation that affects follicular growth and atresia. However, it does not affect female fertility, which strengthens the safety of this procedure.

Asunto(s)

Fertilidad , Inflamación , Folículo Ovárico , Ovulación , Punciones , Femenino , Animales , Folículo Ovárico/patología , Ratones , Inflamación/patología , Ovario/patología , Apoptosis

RESUMEN

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 200 and 300 IU) administered at the end of a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) treatment protocol on ovulation, pregnancy, and twin rates in Bos taurus beef heifers. In addition, pregnancy losses in heifers with singleton and twin pregnancies were determined. A total of 2382 Angus heifers treated with a 6-day estradiol/progesterone-based protocol for FTAI (J-Synch protocol) were randomly allocated to two experimental groups to receive 200 or 300 IU of eCG administered intramuscularly at the time of intravaginal progesterone device removal; FTAI was performed from 60 to 72 h after device removal. The pregnancy rate did not differ (P = 0.89) between the 200 and 300 IU eCG groups. The number of corpus luteum induced by both eCG doses was determined by ultrasonographic examination 14 days after insemination and those treated with 300 IU of eCG had a greater double ovulation rate (P < 0.05). In addition, 300 IU eCG treated heifers had a higher twinning rate on day 30 of gestation (P < 0.05) and parturition (P < 0.05). Pregnancy losses from 30 days of gestation to calving did not differ between heifers treated with 200 and 300 IU of eCG (P = 0.70). However, regardless of the experimental group, heifers bearing twins had greater pregnancy losses than heifers with singletons (P < 0.05). In conclusion, reducing the dose of eCG from 300 to 200 IU under FTAI treatment protocol decreases double ovulation and twinning rates, maintaining a similar pregnancy rate in heifers. Nulliparous cows carrying two fetuses suffer greater pregnancy losses than cows with singletons.

Asunto(s)

Gonadotropinas Equinas , Inseminación Artificial , Ovulación , Animales , Femenino , Embarazo , Bovinos/fisiología , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria , Ovulación/efectos de los fármacos , Gonadotropinas Equinas/farmacología , Gonadotropinas Equinas/administración & dosificación , Gonadotropina Coriónica/farmacología , Gonadotropina Coriónica/administración & dosificación , Aborto Veterinario , Embarazo Gemelar , Progesterona/administración & dosificación , Progesterona/farmacología , Índice de Embarazo

RESUMEN

This study evaluated the efficiency of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) to hasten ovulation in weaned sows. In experiment I, weaned sows detected in estrus (0 h) received: no hormone (Control; n = 56); 0.5 mg PGF IM at 0 h and 2 h (PGF0; n = 56); or 0.5 mg PGF IM at 24 h and 26 h (PGF24; n = 55). In experiment II, weaned sows that did not express estrus signs until 72 h after weaning (0 h) were assigned to: no hormone (Control; n = 45); 10 µg buserelin acetate IM at 0 h (Buserelin; n = 43); 0.5 mg PGF IM at 34 h and 36 h (PGF; n = 44); or 10 µg buserelin acetate IM at 0 h plus 0.5 mg PGF IM at 34 h and 36 h (Buserelin + PGF; n = 45). In experiment I, no effect of PGF on the interval treatment onset to ovulation was observed (P > 0.05), and no treatment effect was observed on the relative or cumulative proportion of females that ovulated post-treatment onset (P > 0.05). In experiment II, treatment onset to ovulation interval was shorter for Buserelin group than for PGF group (P < 0.05), and a higher cumulative percentage of Buserelin treated sows ovulated up to 48 h compared to PGF and Control groups (P < 0.01), with no differences from Buserelin + PGF. Treatments did not affect total number of piglets born in both experiments (P > 0.05). In conclusion, PGF did not hasten ovulation timing or affect litter size in weaned sows.

Asunto(s)

Buserelina , Dinoprost , Ovulación , Animales , Femenino , Dinoprost/farmacología , Dinoprost/administración & dosificación , Porcinos/fisiología , Ovulación/efectos de los fármacos , Ovulación/fisiología , Buserelina/farmacología , Buserelina/administración & dosificación , Destete , Inducción de la Ovulación/veterinaria , Inducción de la Ovulación/métodos

RESUMEN

This study evaluated the efficacy of the administration of different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 0 IU, 200 IU, or 300 IU) at the time of the progesterone device removal in 2-year-old Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers synchronized for fixed-timed artificial insemination (FTAI). On day 0 (D0), a total of 398 heifers received 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate i.m., 0.53 mg of cloprostenol i.m., and an eight-day previously used (second use) intravaginal device containing 1 g of progesterone (P4). Eight days later (D8), simultaneous with the P4 device removal, 0.5 mg of oestradiol cypionate i.m. and 0.53 mg of cloprostenol i.m. were administered. At the same time, heifers were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: G-0 IU (n = 141; no eCG treatment), G-200 IU (n = 132; treated with 200 IU of eCG), and G-300 IU (n = 125; treated with 300 IU of eCG). FTAI was performed 48 h after the P4 device removal (D10). Ultrasonographic evaluations were performed at D0, D10, and D17. Heifers were scanned to measure the size of the largest follicle (LF), the presence, number, and size of the corpus luteum (CL), and the ovulation rate. Subsequently, at D40, the heifers underwent scanning to determine the pregnancy rate and identify any twin pregnancies. Additionally, at D70, scans were performed to assess pregnancy loss (PG). Data were analysed by orthogonal contrasts [C1 (eCG effect): control x (200 IU + 300 IU) and C2 (eCG dose effect): 200 IU × 300 IU]. On D0, CL presence was similar between the groups [G-0 IU = 65.2% (92/141), G-200 IU = 55.3% (73/132), and G-300 IU = 63.2% (79/125); p = .16]. No interactions between the presence of CL on D0 and eCG treatment were found for any of the variables (p > .05). The diameter of the LF at FTAI (D10) was not influenced by eCG treatment (p = .22) or eCG dose (p = .18). However, treatment with eCG increased the diameter of the CL at D17 (G-0 IU = 15.7 ± 0.3 mmb , G-200 IU = 16.6 ± 0.2 mma , and G-300 IU = 16.6 ± 0.3 mma ; p = .001), regardless of the dose used (p = .94). The ovulation rate was higher in heifers treated with eCG [G-0 IU = 79.4%b (112/141), G-200 IU = 90.2%a (119/132), and G-300 IU = 93.6%a (117/125); p = .002], but there was no effect of eCG dose (p = .36). Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) on D40 [G-0 IU = 32.6%b (46/141), G-200 IU = 42.4%a (56/132), and G-300 IU = 42.4%a (53/125); P = 0.05] and D70 [G-0 IU = 29.1%b (41/141), G-200 IU = 40.9%a (54/132), and G-300 IU = 40.8%a (51/125); p = .02] were higher on heifers that received eCG; however, no dose effect was observed for P/AI on D40 (p = .89) nor D70 (p = .98). Pregnancy loss between D40 and D70 tended to reduce (p = .07) in eCG-treated heifers without dose effect (p = .91). Heifers with CL at D0 presented a greater follicle diameter (LF) on D10 (With CL = 11.2 ± 0.2 mm and Without CL = 10.2 ± 0.2 mm; p = .05), CL diameter on D17 (With CL = 15.8 ± 0.03 mm and Without CL = 11.8 ± 0.6 mm; p = .01), and ovulation rate [With CL = 95.5% (233/244) and Without CL = 74.7% (115/154); p = .01]. However, no difference in pregnancy rate at D40 (p = .52) and D70 (p = .84) was found. In conclusion, eCG treatment increases ovulation and pregnancy rates of heifers submitted to a FTAI protocol. Furthermore, eCG treatment increases the diameter of the CL after FTAI and reduces pregnancy losses. No dose effect was observed, suggesting Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers respond to 200 IU of eCG treatment for FTAI.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Embarazo , Bovinos , Animales , Femenino , Caballos , Progesterona/farmacología , Aborto Veterinario , Ovulación , Estradiol/farmacología , Cloprostenol/farmacología , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria , Inseminación Artificial/métodos , Sincronización del Estro/métodos

RESUMEN

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of estradiol valerate administered at the beginning of the ovulation synchronization protocol on the pregnancy rate of Bos indicus cows. In the experiments, the following products from MSD, Sao Paulo, Brazil were used: estradiol valerate (EV), estradiol benzoate (EB), intravaginal progesterone device (P4), estradiol cypionate (EC), equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and cloprostenol (PGF). In Experiment 1, Bos indicus cows (n=899) with a body condition score (BCS) of 2.76 ± 0.01 were included in a 3 (device) × 2 (protocol: 5 mg of EV or 2 mg of EB) factorial design. There were three types of P4 devices: a new device (New), a device previously used for 9 days (1×), and a device previously used for 18 days (2×). Nine days later (D9), the P4 device was removed, and cows received 300 IU of eCG. In addition, cows in the EB group received 1 mg of EC and 265 µg of PGF. Timed artificial insemination (TAI) was performed 48 h after P4 device removal in the EB group (TAI48) and 54 h after P4 device removal in the EV group (TAI54). In Experiment 2, Bos indicus cows (n=434) with a BCS of 2.62 ± 0.01 received a new P4 device or one previously used for 9 days and 5 mg of EV. On D9, all cows received 300 IU of eCG, and the P4 devices were removed and distributed in TAI48 and TAI54 cows. In Experiment 3, Bos indicus cows (n=429) with a BCS of 2.80 ± 0.01 were divided into the control and EV/EC groups. All cows received a P4 device. In addition, cows in the control group received 2 mg of EB, and cows in the EV/EC group received 5 mg of EV on D0. On D9, all cows received 1 mg of EC and 300 IU of eCG, and the P4 devices were removed. Cows in the control group also received 265 µg of PGF. All cows were inseminated 48 h after the removal of the P4 device. In Experiment 1, there was no effect of the interaction between protocol and P4 device on the occurrence of estrus (P=0.45) or on the pregnancy per artificial insemination ratio (P/AI; P=0.30). In addition, the occurrence of estrus and P/AI were not different between in the two estradiol groups (P=0.12 and P=0.82) and across the types of intravaginal P4 device (P=0.91 and P=0.47). In Experiment 2, the pregnancy rate was lower (tendency) in TAI48 cows (P=0.07). In Experiment 3, the estrus rate (P=0.12) and P/AI (P=0.56) were similar between the experimental groups. In summary, protocols using estradiol valerate without exogenous ovulation induction require adjustments in the timing of AI from 48 to 54 h after P4 device removal. However, a combination of estradiol valerate at the beginning of the protocol and estradiol cypionate nine days later successfully induced ovulation in Bos indicus cows inseminated 48 h after P4 device removal.

Asunto(s)

Estradiol , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Progesterona , Embarazo , Femenino , Bovinos , Animales , Caballos , Brasil , Estradiol/farmacología , Progesterona/farmacología , Ovulación , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria , Inseminación Artificial/métodos , Sincronización del Estro/métodos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: hCG is commonly used as an ovulation trigger in IVF. Its usage is associated with OHSS. GnRH agonist is an alternative to hCG and is associated with reduced incidence of OHSS. This study compared the cycle outcomes of GnRH agonists with hCG as an ovulation trigger in IVF cycles. METHODS: The medical notes of 209 IVF cycles receiving GnRH agonist and hCG as ovulation trigger over 18 months were reviewed in this retrospective study. The number and quality of mature oocytes, the number and quality of embryos, pregnancy rates, and outcomes were compared using Independent T-test or One-way ANOVA for normal distribution. The Mann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis test was used for not normally distributed. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The cycle outcomes of 107 GnRH agonist-trigger and 102 hCG-trigger were compared. The MII oocytes retrieved and 2PN count was significantly higher in the GnRH agonist trigger group (p<0.001). Clinical pregnancy rate and ongoing pregnancy were higher in the GnRH agonist trigger group but were not statistically significant. The GnRH agonist trigger group was associated with low OHSS than the hCG trigger group (n=2(1.9%) and n=12(11.8%) respectively, p=0.004). CONCLUSION: GnRH agonist trigger is an option as a final maturation trigger in high-responder women undergoing IVF or ICSI cycles.

Asunto(s)

Síndrome de Hiperestimulación Ovárica , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Gonadotropina Coriónica/uso terapéutico , Fertilización , Fertilización In Vitro , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina , Malasia/epidemiología , Oocitos , Síndrome de Hiperestimulación Ovárica/epidemiología , Síndrome de Hiperestimulación Ovárica/prevención & control , Ovulación , Inducción de la Ovulación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Centros de Atención Terciaria

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To analyze if partial premature ovulation (PPO) detection during oocyte pick-up (OPU) impairs the quality of the retrieved oocyte cohort. METHODS: The PPO concept refers to the situation when premature ovulation happens only in some of the follicles and it is detected during OPU. This study constitutes a retrospective analysis performed in an infertility clinic (Spain) during 2016-2021 with patients undergoing OPU after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for an in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Study code: 2110-VLC-091- VG, registered on December 9 2021. Data from women with PPO (n=111) were compared to a matched control sample of cycles without PPO (n=333) at a proportion of 1:3. RESULTS: Cycles were matched for age, body mass index (BMI), treatment year, embryo genetic analysis and stimulation protocol type. The mean numbers of oocytes (6.1 vs. 11.2), mature oocytes (4.7 vs. 8.8), correctly fertilized oocytes (3.6 vs. 6.6) and top-quality blastocysts (0.9 vs. 1.8) were significantly lower in the PPO group than the nonPPO group (p<0.05). However, maturation, fertilization, top-quality blastocyst and pregnancy rates were statistically comparable among groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cycles with PPO have fewer available oocytes and, thus, fewer available embryos for transfer, al though their quality is intact, and still offer chances of pregnancy in these cases. Hence cycle cancellation may not be worth associated money, time and morale losses once PPO is detected.

Asunto(s)

Fertilización In Vitro , Recuperación del Oocito , Inducción de la Ovulación , Ovulación , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Fertilización In Vitro/métodos , Ovulación/fisiología , Inducción de la Ovulación/métodos , Oocitos/fisiología , Embarazo , Folículo Ovárico

RESUMEN

Naproxen reduces the production of prostaglandins via inhibition of the cyclooxygenase. Studies have shown that its administration in women can be related to failed ovulation. Therefore, preclinical investigations must be performed in order to investigate its effects in experimental models. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of naproxen on murine folliculogenesis, ovulation, and female fertility. Female C57BL/6 mice (n = 128 - 6 weeks old) were divided into Control, low (10 mg/kg), and high naproxen (50 mg/kg) groups, who were treated for 8 days and directed to morphofunctional analyses. Follicular quantification showed a reduced percentage of antral follicles in naproxen-treated animals. These treated animals also showed smaller oocytes included in secondary and antral follicles, and the diameter of secondary and antral follicles was also reduced. A reduction in the percentage of Ki67-positive granulosa cells was observed in treated animals that also showed down-regulation of Igf1r compared to control. After an ovarian stimulation protocol, naproxen-treated animals showed a reduction in the percentage of secondary and antral follicles, a reduced number of ovulated oocytes and, corpora lutea, and an increased number of failed ovulations. Finally, naproxen-treated animals also showed a reduction in mating index and pregnancy rate. Our findings suggested that, in mice, naproxen administration (eight days treatment) negatively affects molecular and morphological aspects related to late folliculogenesis, ovulation, and fertility.

Asunto(s)

Naproxeno , Ovulación , Humanos , Femenino , Ratones , Animales , Naproxeno/toxicidad , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Oocitos , Proliferación Celular

RESUMEN

This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of Nellore suckled cows inseminated 55 (n = 304) or 65 (n = 296) h after progesterone (P4) removal in a 7-d protocol. The protocol consisted of the insertion of a device with 2 g of P4 and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate on d 0, with the device remaining in the cows for 7 d. Cows in the 55-h treatment had the P4 device removed in the morning, while cows in the 65-h treatment had the P4 device removed in the afternoon. At P4 removal, cows received intramuscularly 300 IU of eCG, 0.6 mg of estradiol cypionate and 0.52 mg cloprostenol sodium. Artificial insemination was performed according to treatments (55 vs. 65 h after P4 removal). The results of the study showed that the estrus detection rate (69% vs 65%) and pregnancy per AI (P/AI; 49% vs 49%) did no differ in cows inseminated 55 or 65 h after P4 removal, respectively. Furthermore, ovulation rate, the diameter of the largest follicle at the time of AI, and P4 concentration after AI were not affected by treatments. The probability of P/AI was not affected by parity, BCS, age, diameter of largest follicle at AI, days postpartum, BW and time to AI. This study suggests that performing AI from 55 to 65 h after the P4 removal in the 7-d-P4 protocol did not affect the reproductive performance in Nellore cows, and opens the possibility for producers to take more time to perform AI of cows in the field without affecting P/AI.

Asunto(s)

Remoción de Dispositivos , Progesterona , Embarazo , Femenino , Bovinos , Animales , Remoción de Dispositivos/veterinaria , Reproducción , Estradiol , Ovulación , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria , Inseminación Artificial/métodos , Sincronización del Estro/métodos

RESUMEN

Many reproductive physiological processes, such as folliculogenesis, ovulation, implantation, and fertilization, require the synthesis, remodeling, and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs) family genes code for key metalloproteinases in the remodeling process of different ECM. Several genes of this family encode for proteins with important functions in reproductive processes; in particular, ADAMTS1, 4, 5 and 9 are genes that are differentially expressed in cell types and the physiological stages of reproductive tissues. ADAMTS enzymes degrade proteoglycans in the ECM of the follicles so that the oocytes can be released and regulate follicle development during folliculogenesis, favoring the action of essential growth factors, such as FGF-2, FGF-7 and GDF-9. The transcriptional regulation of ADAMTS1 and 9 in preovulatory follicles occurs because of the gonadotropin surge in preovulatory follicles, via the progesterone/progesterone receptor complex. In addition, in the case of ADAMTS1, pathways involving protein kinase A (PKA), extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) might contribute to ECM regulation. Different Omic studies indicate the importance of genes of the ADAMTS family from a reproductive aspect. ADAMTS genes could serve as biomarkers for genetic improvement and contribute to enhance fertility and animal reproduction; however, more research related to these genes, the synthesis of proteins encoded by these genes, and regulation in farm animals is needed.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas ADAM , Proteínas ADAMTS , Femenino , Animales , Proteínas ADAMTS/genética , Proteínas ADAM/genética , Proteínas ADAM/metabolismo , Ovulación/genética , Oocitos/metabolismo , Progesterona

RESUMEN

In this study, we aimed to propose changes in the protocol of cultured Astyanax altiparanae hypophysation to increase the maximum ovulation rate of 60% registered previously. To that two consecutive experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, three carp pituitary homogenate (CPH) doses (3, 6, and 9 mg/kg) were administered in a single injection, while in the second experiment, the 6 mg/kg CPH dose was tested either in single or double injections. In the first experiment, a single injection of 3 mg/kg CPH did not induce final oocyte maturation or spawning, while a dose of 6 mg/kg CPH resulted in an increase in the plasma level of prostaglandin (PGF2α) at ovulation. The single higher dose of 9 mg/kg CPH did not improve reproductive performance and even though anticipated the resumption of meiosis it was detrimental to the spawning rate. In the second experiment, the dose of 6 mg/kg CPH fractionated into two injections led to a higher spawning rate, spawning volume per female body mass, frequency of post-ovulatory complexes, and PGF2α concentration at ovulation compared to the single injection. The most effective treatment remained the 6 mg/kg of CPH fractionated into two injections, but still providing very low proportion of ovulated females (∼40 %). Overall, this study indicates that the spawning protocols for this species need to be improved to induce ovulation in a larger number of females and be more potent in those females that respond positively.

Asunto(s)

Carpas , Dinoprost , Femenino , Animales , Dinoprost/farmacología , Oocitos , Reproducción , Ovulación , Oogénesis , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/farmacología

RESUMEN

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica es una respuesta exagerada del ovario a los tratamientos hormonales para estimular la formación de óvulos. OBJETIVO: Describir el caso clínico de una mujer con síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica; revisar el abordaje, manejo, tratamiento y cómo prevenirlo. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente femenina de 37 años, multigesta, en tratamiento con metformina por Síndrome de ovario poliquístico , que presenta infertilidad secundaria a factor tubárico, que desarrolló un cuadro moderado de síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica como consecuencia de la aplicación de las técnicas de fertilización in vitro (Folitropina alfa humana recombinante (GONAL-F®) y Cetrolerelix (CETROTIDE®); al cuarto día del procedimiento de aspiración folicular presenta dolor pélvico intenso, disuria, deposiciones diarreicas, ecografía abdominal y vaginal evidencia líquido libre en cavidad alrededor de 1000cc, además de ovarios tanto derecho e izquierdo con volumen de 102 mL y 189 mL respectivamente. Paciente es ingresada para realizar tratamiento hidratación parenteral, Enoxaparina 40mg subcutánea, Cabergolina 0.5mg vía oral, alta a las 72 horas. DISCUSIÓN: Las claves para la prevención del síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica son la experiencia con la terapia de inducción de la ovulación y el reconocimiento de los factores de riesgo para el síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica. Los regímenes de inducción de la ovulación deberían ser altamente individualizados, monitorizados cuidadosamente y usando dosis y duración mínimas del tratamiento con gonadotropinas para conseguir la meta terapéutica. CONCLUSIONES: El síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica constituye la complicación más temida durante el uso de inductores de la ovulación; el conocimiento de factores de riesgo, puede prevenir o evitar que llegue a ser de un caso severo, lo cual puede causar mayor morbilidad o hasta mortalidad. La vitrificación se convierte en la técnica que permite prevenir el síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica, junto con esta técnica hay 2 alternativas: la inducción con análogo de la hormona liberadora de gonadotropina o el uso de agonistas dopaminérgicos.

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INTRODUCTION: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is an exaggerated response of the ovary to hormonal treatments to stimulate egg formation. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical case of a woman with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome; to review the approach, management, treatment and how to prevent it. CLINICAL CASE: 37-year-old female patient, multigestation, under treatment with metformin for polycystic ovary syndrome, presenting infertility secondary to tubal factor, who developed a moderate picture of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome as a consequence of the application of in vitro fertilization techniques (recombinant human follitropin alfa (GONAL-F®) and Cetrolerelix (CETROTIDE®); On the fourth day of the follicular aspiration procedure she presents intense pelvic pain, dysuria, diarrheic stools, abdominal and vaginal ultrasound shows free fluid in the cavity of about 1000cc, in addition to right and left ovaries with a volume of 102 mL and 189 mL respectively. Patient was admitted for parenteral hydration treatment, Enoxaparin 40mg subcutaneous, Cabergoline 0.5mg orally, discharged after 72 hours. DISCUSSION: The keys to prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome are experience with ovulation induction therapy and recognition of risk factors for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Ovulation induction regimens should be highly individualized, carefully monitored, and using minimal doses and duration of gonadotropin therapy to achieve the therapeutic goal. CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome constitutes the most feared complication during the use of ovulation inducers; knowledge of risk factors, may prevent or avoid it from becoming a severe case, which may cause increased morbidity or even mortality. Vitrification becomes the technique that allows preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, along with this technique there are 2 alternatives: induction with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog or the use of dopaminergic agonists.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Fertilización In Vitro , Síndrome de Hiperestimulación Ovárica , Dolor Pélvico , Hormona Folículo Estimulante , Gonadotropinas , Folículo Ovárico , Ovulación , Inducción de la Ovulación , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Embarazo , Técnicas Reproductivas Asistidas , Ecuador , Disuria , Ginecología , Obstetricia

RESUMEN

Perfluoroalkyl substances are man-made chemicals with ample consumer and industrial applications. They are widely used and are resistant to environmental and metabolic degradation. Several studies have evaluated the effects of Perfluorohexane sulfonate on reproduction. However, there are few reports exploring the cell and molecular mechanisms of its toxicity in the ovary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PFHxS exposure on the estrous cycle, ovulation rate, and the underlying mechanisms of action in female mice in vivo. The animals received a single sub-lethal dose of PFHxS (25.1 mg/kg, 62.5 mg/kg) or vehicle and were stimulated to obtain immature cumulus cell-oocyte complexes (COCs) from the ovaries, or superovulated to develop mature COCs. To evaluate oocyte physiology, Gap-junction intercellular communication (GJIC) was analyzed in immature COCs and calcium homeostasis was evaluated in mature oocytes. PFHxS exposure prolonged the estrous cycle and decreased ovulation rate in female mice. Connexins, Cx43 and Cx37, were downregulated and GJIC was impaired in immature COCs, providing a possible mechanism for the alterations in the estrous cycle and ovulation. No morphological abnormalities were observed in the mature PFHxS-exposed oocytes, but calcium homeostasis was affected. This effect is probably due, at least partially, to deregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum calcium modulator, Stim1. These mechanisms of ovarian injury could explain the reported correlation among PFHxS levels and subfertility in women undergoing fertility treatments.

Asunto(s)

Calcio , Fluorocarburos , Femenino , Ratones , Animales , Calcio/metabolismo , Oocitos/fisiología , Fluorocarburos/toxicidad , Fluorocarburos/metabolismo , Ovulación , Alcanosulfonatos/metabolismo , Alcanosulfonatos/farmacología , Antagonistas de Hormonas/farmacología , Comunicación Celular/fisiología , Ciclo Estral , Homeostasis

RESUMEN

The aim of the present study was to evaluate if early administration of progesterone immediately after ovulation affects corpus luteum lifespan in llamas. Female llamas (n = 16) were induced to ovulate by Buserelin injection in the presence of an ovulatory follicle (Day 0). On Day 2, ovulation was confirmed and animals were randomly divided into two groups: treated animals (n = 8) received an intravaginal device containing 0.3 g of progesterone from Day 2 to Day 6 post-induction of ovulation and control group (n = 8) received a device with 0 g of progesterone. Blood samples were collected daily to determine plasma progesterone concentration and transrectal ultrasonographies were performed from Day 7 to Day 12 post-induction of ovulation. Mean maximum diameter of the corpus luteum was significantly lower and was reached before in the treated group than in the control group. The mean highest plasma progesterone concentration and the day that concentration was achieved were similar between groups. However, mean plasma progesterone concentration was significantly higher in the treated group than in the control group on Days 3 and 4 and lower on Days 8 and 9 post-induction of ovulation. The day that plasma progesterone concentration returns to 1 ng/ml differed between groups, occurring earlier in the treated group. In conclusion, the early increase of plasma progesterone concentration during the luteal phase, promoted the premature activation of the luteolytic process affecting corpus luteum function in llamas as it was previously reported in other species.

Asunto(s)

Camélidos del Nuevo Mundo , Progesterona , Femenino , Animales , Progesterona/farmacología , Camélidos del Nuevo Mundo/fisiología , Cuerpo Lúteo/fisiología , Folículo Ovárico/fisiología , Ovulación

RESUMEN

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a cytokine belonging to the interleukin-6 family that is important at the reproductive level in the uterine implantation process. However, there is very little evidence regarding its effect at the ovarian level. The aim of this work was to study the local involvement of the LIF/LIFRß system in follicular development and steroidogenesis in rat ovaries. To carry out this research, LIF/LIFR/GP130 transcript and protein levels were measured in fertile and sub-fertile rat ovaries, and in vitro experiments were performed to assess STAT3 activation. Then, in in vivo experiments, LIF was administered chronically and locally for 28 days to the ovaries of rats by means of an osmotic minipump to enable us to evaluate the effect on folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. It was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot that LIF and its receptors are present in fertile and sub-fertile ovaries and that LIF varies during the oestrous cycle, being higher during the oestrus and meta/dioestrus stages. In addition to this, it was found that LIF can activate STAT3 pathways and cause pSTAT3 formation. It was also observed that LIF decreases the number and size of preantral and antral follicles without altering the number of atretic antral follicles and can increase the number of corpora lutea, with a notable increase in the levels of progesterone (P4). It is therefore possible to infer that LIF exerts an important effect in vivo on folliculogenesis, ovulation and steroidogenesis, specifically the synthesis of P4.

Asunto(s)

Folículo Ovárico , Ovario , Femenino , Ratas , Animales , Factor Inhibidor de Leucemia/farmacología , Cuerpo Lúteo , Ovulación

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To determine whether using progesterone as a trigger of a gonadotropin surge will induce ovulation and a competent corpus luteum. METHODS: Patients were administered 5 or 10 mg of progesterone intramuscularly when the leading follicle reached preovulatory size. RESULTS: We demonstrate that progesterone injections result in classical ultrasonographic hallmarks of ovulation about 48 h later and the formation of a corpus luteum competent to support pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Our results support further exploration of using progesterone to trigger a gonadotropin surge in assisted human reproduction.

Asunto(s)

Hormona Luteinizante , Progesterona , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina , Ovulación , Cuerpo Lúteo

RESUMEN

Domestic felids (Felis catus) have been traditionally categorized as seasonal polyestrous with induced ovulation. Thus, the ability to augment or distribute the number of litters born throughout the year would offer a desirable advantage. Artificial-light regimens have been used to overcome seasonal variations in this species. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie photoperiodicity might enable the development of improved and sustainable breeding schemes. The aim of this article was therefore to summarize the present knowledge on the effect of artificial light on female-cat reproduction. To that end a systematic review of the literature from 1940 to the present was performed. International original articles and scientific abstracts were also included, and at the conclusion we emphasized areas that require further research.

Asunto(s)

Ovulación , Reproducción , Animales , Gatos , Femenino , Estaciones del Año

RESUMEN

This study was designed to evaluate whether the utilization of a second PGF2α treatment at the end of an estradiol/progesterone (E2/P4)-based protocol with or without GnRH at the beginning of the protocol would improve pregnancy rates of lactating Holstein cows assigned to timed embryo transfer. A total of 501 lactating Holstein cows in 5 farms were enrolled in the experiment. Within farm, cows were blocked by parity and, within block, were assigned randomly to (1) insertion of an intravaginal P4 device (controlled internal drug-releasing device; CIDR) and estradiol benzoate on d -11, PGF2α on d -4, CIDR withdrawal and an injection of estradiol cypionate on d -2, and timed embryo transfer on d 7 (1-PGF; n = 164); (2) the same treatments as 1-PGF, but with PGF2α administered on d -4 and -2 (2-PGF; n = 171); and (3) 2-PGF with the addition of a GnRH treatment on d -11 (GnRH+2-PGF; n = 166). Ovaries were scanned by transrectal ultrasonography on d -11, -4, and 7, and blood samples were collected on d -11, -4, 0, and 7 for P4 determination. Treatment comparisons were performed using contrasts. The proportion of cows with a new corpus luteum on d -4 was greater in GnRH+2-PGF cows. Cows in 1-PGF had a greater P4 concentration on d 0 but lesser P4 on d 7 compared with cows in the other groups. Cows assigned to receive 2-PGF (2-PGF and GnRH+2-PGF) had greater estrus expression, and a greater proportion of cows ovulated to estradiol cypionate. No further contrast effects were observed for follicle diameter, double ovulation rate, pregnancy per embryo transfer (P/ET) on d 32 and 60, or pregnancy loss. As P4 concentration on d -4 increased, P/ET on d 60 tended to increase. Cows with P4 ≥3.66 ng/mL on d -4 had greater P/ET on d 32 and 60 than those with P4 below that threshold. Regardless of treatment, cows with P4 concentration ≥3.66 ng/mL also had a greater pregnancy per synchronized protocol (P/SP) on d 60. Also, a P4 concentration on d -4 (low or high) × follicle diameter (continuous) interaction tendency was observed when evaluating P/ET. Although P/ET did not differ among cows with different follicles sizes with reduced P4 concentration on d -4 (<3.66 ng/mL), it increased in cows with larger follicles exposed to increased P4 concentration (≥3.66 ng/mL). When P4 on d 0 was evaluated, P/ET on d 32 and 60 was greater for cows with low (≤0.09 ng/mL) versus high (>0.21 ng/mL) P4; as P4 concentration on d 0 increased, P/ET linearly decreased. In summary, cows with increased P4 concentrations during growth of the ovulatory follicular wave had improved P/ET. Administering a second PGF2α dose reduced P4 concentration on d 0 and increased ovulatory response to the protocol, but no benefits were observed on P/ET or P/SP.

Asunto(s)

Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina , Progesterona , Embarazo , Femenino , Bovinos , Animales , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/farmacología , Lactancia , Dinoprost/farmacología , Sincronización del Estro/métodos , Estradiol , Ovulación , Transferencia de Embrión/veterinaria , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria