RESUMEN
Vitrification of oocyte has become an important component of assisted reproductive technology and has important implications for animal reproduction and the preservation of biodiversity. However, vitrification adversely affects mitochondrial function and oocyte developmental potential, mainly because of oxidative damage. Rutin is a highly effective antioxidant, but no information is available to the effect of rutin on the mitochondrial function and development in vitrified oocytes. Therefore, we studied the effects of rutin supplementation of vitrification solution on mitochondrial function and developmental competence of ovine germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes post vitrification. The results showed that supplementation of vitrification solution with 0.6 mM rutin significantly increased the cleavage rate (71.6 % vs. 59.3 %) and blastocyst rate (18.9 % vs. 6.8 %) compared to GV-stage oocytes in the vitrified group. Then, we analyzed the reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial activity and membrane potential (ΔΨm), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+, and annexin V (AV) of vitrified sheep GV-stage oocytes. Vitrified sheep oocytes exhibited increased levels of ROS and Ca2+, higher rate of AV-positive oocytes, and decreased mitochondrial activity, GSH and ΔΨm levels. However, rutin supplementation in vitrification solution decreased the levels of ROS, Ca2+ and AV-positive oocytes rate, and increased the GSH and ΔΨm levels in vitrified oocytes. Results revealed that rutin restored mitochondrial function, regulated Ca2+ homeostasis and decreased apoptosis potentially caused by mitophagy in oocytes. To understand the mechanism of rutin functions in vitrified GV-stage oocytes in sheep, we analyzed the transcriptome and found that rutin mediated oocytes development and mitochondrial function, mainly by affecting oxidative phosphorylation and the mitophagy pathways. In conclusion, supplementing with 0.6 mM rutin in vitrification solution significantly enhanced developmental potential through improving mitochondrial function and decreased apoptosis potentially caused by mitophagy after vitrification of ovine GV-stage oocytes.
Asunto(s)
Criopreservación , Mitocondrias , Oocitos , Rutina , Vitrificación , Animales , Rutina/farmacología , Oocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Oocitos/fisiología , Ovinos/fisiología , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Vitrificación/efectos de los fármacos , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Femenino , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas de Maduración In Vitro de los Oocitos/veterinaria , Técnicas de Maduración In Vitro de los Oocitos/métodos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Desarrollo Embrionario/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Subtilase exhibits strong cytotoxicity that was first described in O113:H21 strain in Australia as a plasmid- encoded cytotoxin (subAB1). Subsequently, chromosomal variants including subAB2-1, subAB2-2, and subAB2-3 were described. We aimed to investigate the presence of subAB genes in a collection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains (n=101) isolated from different sources in Iran. A collection of 101 archived STEC strains isolated from cattle (n=50), goats (n=25), sheep (n=15), wild captive animals (n=8: persian fallow deer, n=3; caspian pony, n=1; Macaca mulatta, n=4), and humans (n=3) during 2007-2016 were analyzed for the detection of different genes encoding the Subtilase variants, plasmidic and chromosomal virulence genes, phylogroups and serogroups. Overall, 57 isolates (56.4%) carried at least one variant of subAB. Most strains from small ruminants including 93% of sheep and 96% of caprine isolates carried at least one chromosomally encoded variant (subAB-2-1 and/or subAb2-2). In contrast, 12 cattle isolates (24%) only harbored the plasmid encoded variant (subAB1). STEC strains from other sources, including deer, pony and humans were positive for subAB-2-1 and/or subAb2-2. Our results reveal the presence of potentially pathogenic genotypes among locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-negative isolates, and some host specificity related to Subtilase variants and other virulence markers that may aid in source tracking of STEC during outbreak investigations.
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Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli Shiga-Toxigénica , Subtilisinas , Escherichia coli Shiga-Toxigénica/genética , Escherichia coli Shiga-Toxigénica/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Irán/epidemiología , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Subtilisinas/genética , Ovinos/microbiología , Humanos , BovinosRESUMEN
Sheep farming has been growing in Brazil, driven by an expanding consumer market due to greater acceptance of its meat and derivatives. There are several factors that limit sheep production, and one of them is infestation by ectoparasites, which cause stress in animals, weight loss, poor development, low productivity, low quality wool and reduced fertility. Chrysomya albiceps is a species of blowfly belonging to the Calliphoridae family that occurs in neotropical regions, where it causes secondary myiasis. We identified here a rare case of cutaneous myiasis with the presence of tissue lesions caused by C. albiceps in sheep in southern Brazil. We highlight the need to carry out more in-depth studies regarding the biology of these insects, with the aim of proving this atypical behavior for Brazil.
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Calliphoridae , Miasis , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Animales , Miasis/veterinaria , Miasis/parasitología , Miasis/diagnóstico , Brasil , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Ovinos , Femenino , Dípteros/clasificación , MasculinoRESUMEN
Growth and reproductive performance traits are important economic indicators for analyzing the overall performance of breeding systems. This study aims to evaluate the comparative performance of two Algerian sheep (Rumbi and Hamra) in terms of growth and reproductive performance, and the effect of factors such as breed, season of birth, mode of birth and age of the mother on this performance in a semi-intensive breeding system. The reproductive performance of 577 Rumbi ewes and 1328 Hamra ewes bred at the Tiaret and Saïda experimental stations respectively, was analyzed using performance monitoring data. Fertility rates for the Rumbi and Hamra breeds of 87.14% and 78.8% respectively were practically similar (p > 0,05). Litter size at birth and weaning was significantly higher in the Hamra breed than in the Rumbi breed (p < 0,05). Weaning mortality was significantly higher in the Hamra breed than in the Rumbi breed, with an average of 22.60% versus 14.94% (p < 0,05). The effect of factors showed that there was a highly significant effect of the mother's age and season of birth on the reproductive performance of the Hamra and Rumbi breeds with a p < 0.0001 on fertility, litter size at birth, litter size at weaning and fertility. There was a significant effect of the year factor on reproductive performance with p = 0,013 for the Hamra breed and p = 0,031 for the Rumbi breed. The results of this study showed that Rumbi lambs were heavier at birth than Hamra lambs. The values observed were 4,86 kg versus 3,10 kg for the Hamra breed, with a highly significant difference (p < 0,0001), so that the average daily pre-weaning weight gains of Rumbi lambs were higher than those of Hamra lambs, at 0,195 kg/day versus 0,113 kg/day for Hamra lambs, with a high significance (p < 0,0001). The effect of factors showed that there was a significant effect of the mother's age on the ADGs (0-30), (30-70) and (70-90) of the Hamra and Rumbi breeds with a p = 0,034 and p = 0,02 respectively. There was also a highly significant effect of the birth mode effect on ADGs (0-30), (30-70) and (70-90) only for the Hamra breed with a p = 0,004. The effect of the birth weight on ADGs was not significant for both Hamra and Rumbi breeds with a p > 0,05. According to the findings of this study, the Hamra breed had superior reproductive potential and the Rumbi breed had superior growth. The Hamra breed showed better maternal skills in terms of fertility and prolificacy, while the Rumbi breed showed better lamb growth performance. Consequently, these results could be used for selective sheep breeding, taking into account the random effects of the environment and the potential of each breed.
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Tamaño de la Camada , Reproducción , Animales , Femenino , Argelia , Cruzamiento , Fertilidad , Oveja Doméstica/crecimiento & desarrollo , Oveja Doméstica/genética , Oveja Doméstica/fisiología , Estaciones del Año , Destete , Embarazo , Ovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ovinos/fisiología , Ovinos/genéticaRESUMEN
Ovarian reserve is a reflection of the overall female reproductive potential. Vitamin D status has been suspected to influence fetal development and female fertility. As maternal diet during pregnancy can affect fetal development and future fertility, we hypothesised that periconceptional and gestational Vitamin D restriction could affect folliculogenesis and AMH secretion in the offspring. Nineteen sexually mature Welsh mountain ewes were randomly assigned to Vitamin D3 deficient (VDD, n = 10) and Vitamin D3 control (VDC, n = 9) diets from 17 days (d) before mating, up to 127-130 days of gestation, when fetal ovaries were collected (3 from VDC and 6 from VDD). Serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were lower in VDD compared with VDC (p < 0.05). Relative to total follicle number, the percentage of primordial follicles was higher (p < 0.05), while the percentage of primary follicles was lower (p < 0.05) in VDD group compared with VDC group fetal ovaries. The integrated density value and percentage of affected area in TUNEL staining in VDD group did not vary from VDC group fetal ovaries (p > 0.05). Relative expression of AMH mRNA and AMH protein in VDD fetal ovaries were not statistically different compared with controls (p > 0.05). The relative expression of VDR mRNA were lower in VDD compared with VDC group fetal ovaries (p < 0.05). These data indicate that maternal Vitamin D dietary restriction is associated with ovarian tissue stemness and increased primordial follicle number but does not promote normal follicle recruitment or development in sheep fetal ovaries.
Asunto(s)
Hormona Antimülleriana , Colecalciferol , Folículo Ovárico , Animales , Femenino , Hormona Antimülleriana/metabolismo , Hormona Antimülleriana/sangre , Embarazo , Oveja Doméstica , Dieta/veterinaria , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/veterinaria , Ovinos , Ovario/metabolismoRESUMEN
The chronic airway infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the major co-morbidity in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Within CF lungs, P. aeruginosa persists in the conducting airways together with human mucins as the most abundant structural component of its microenvironment. We investigated the adhesion of 41 serial CF airway P. aeruginosa isolates to airway mucin preparations from CF sputa. Mucins and bacteria were retrieved from five modulator-naïve patients with advanced CF lung disease. The P. aeruginosa isolates from CF airways and non-CF reference strains showed a strain-specific signature in their adhesion to ovine, porcine and bovine submaxillary mucins and CF airway mucins ranging from no or low to moderate and strong binding. Serial CF clonal isolates and colony morphotypes from the same sputum sample were as heterogeneous in their affinity to mucin as representatives of other clones thus making 'mucin binding' one of the most variable intraclonal phenotypic traits of P. aeruginosa known to date. Most P. aeruginosa CF airway isolates did not adhere more strongly to CF airway mucins than to plastic surfaces. The strong binders, however, exhibited a strain-specific affinity gradient to O-glycans, CF airway and mammalian submaxillary mucins.
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Adhesión Bacteriana , Fibrosis Quística , Mucinas , Infecciones por Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Esputo , Fibrosis Quística/microbiología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Mucinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Animales , Esputo/microbiología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/microbiología , Porcinos , Bovinos , OvinosRESUMEN
Anaplasma is an intracellular alphaproteobacteria that infects diverse blood cell types in animal hosts including small ruminants. Epidemiological and risk factors information on zoonotic anaplasmosis with respect to anaplasmosis in sheep and goats are scarce. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to estimate the prevalence, risk factors of anaplasmosis and phylogenetic investigation of A. capra in sheep and goats from Faisalabad district, Pakistan. Briefly, 384 blood samples were randomly collected from sheep and goats of Faisalabad district, Pakistan, during January to May 2022. The samples were processed for the detection of Anaplasma targeting 16S rRNA gene using PCR. The data regarding disease determinants were collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Out of 384 samples, 131 samples were found positive for Anaplasma spp. with a prevalence rate of 34.11%. The results indicated a significantly higher prevalence of anaplasmosis in goats (41.88%) compared to sheep (22.00%). In addition, the chi square indicated that housing type, tick infestation, gender, tick control practices, age, mix farming, and hygiene were significantly associated with the occurrence of disease. The analysis of multivariate logistic regression expressed gender as the significant risk factor (p = 0.0001, OR = 1.757, CI = 1.305-2.366). The acquired sequences revealed four novel isolates of A. capra (Genbank accession numbers ON834323, ON838209, ON838210, and ON838211). The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of A. capra revealed three distinct clusters with 99-100% homology with other isolates from different countries. Our isolates showed higher similarity with isolates from China (KM206273, KP314237, MT799937), Pakistan (ON238129, ON238130, ON238131), Angola (MT898988), India (MZ558066), Iran (MW692362), and Turkey (MT632469) isolated from human, sheep, ticks, goats, cattle, Gaddi goat, Persian Onager (Equus hemionus onager), and Turkish goats, respectively. In conclusion, A. capra is endemic in Punjab, Pakistan, there is a need to conduct large scale surveillance studies to assess the status of this pathogen at human-animal interface as well as to develop effective preventive and control strategies to reduce the economic losses associated with anaplasmosis in small ruminants.
Asunto(s)
Anaplasma , Anaplasmosis , Enfermedades de las Cabras , Cabras , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Animales , Pakistán/epidemiología , Anaplasmosis/epidemiología , Anaplasmosis/microbiología , Cabras/microbiología , Ovinos , Anaplasma/genética , Anaplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Enfermedades de las Cabras/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/microbiología , Masculino , Femenino , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Zoonosis/microbiología , HumanosRESUMEN
Dominant species occupy a pivotal role in plant community, influencing the structure and function of the ecosystem. The spatial distributions of dominant species can react to the effect of different grazing intensities, thereby reflecting their tolerance and adaptive strategies toward grazing. In this study, geostatistical methods were mainly used to study the spatial distribution characteristics of Stipa krylovii Roshev. and Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. species at two interval scales (quadrat size 5 m × 5 m, 10 m × 10 m) and two treatments (free grazing, FG, 1.66 sheep·ha- 1·a- 1; control, CK, 0 sheep·ha- 1·a- 1) in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia. A systematic sampling method was used in each 100 m × 100 m representative sample plots to obtain the height, coverage, and density of all species in the community. The results showed that grazing altered the concentrated distribution of S. krylovii and the spatial mosaic distribution pattern of S. krylovii and L. chinensis while having no effect on the spatial clumped distribution of L. chinensis. It also found that the spatial distributions of dominant species are primarily affected by structural factors, and random factors such as long-term grazing led to a transition of S. krylovii from a concentrated distribution to a small patchy random pattern should not be overlooked. Our findings suggest that long-term grazing alters the spatial distribution pattern of dominant species and that adaptive strategies may be the key for maintaining the dominant role of structural factors.
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Herbivoria , Herbivoria/fisiología , Animales , China , Poaceae/fisiología , Ovinos/fisiología , Ecosistema , PraderaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In June 2019, a patient presented with persistent fever and multiple organ dysfunction after a tick bite at a wetland park in Inner Mongolia. Next-generation sequencing in this patient revealed an infection with a previously unknown orthonairovirus, which we designated Wetland virus (WELV). METHODS: We conducted active hospital-based surveillance to determine the prevalence of WELV infection among febrile patients with a history of tick bites. Epidemiologic investigation was performed. The virus was isolated, and its infectivity and pathogenicity were investigated in animal models. RESULTS: WELV is a member of the orthonairovirus genus in the Nairoviridae family and is most closely related to the tickborne Hazara orthonairovirus genogroup. Acute WELV infection was identified in 17 patients from Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning, China, by means of reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assay. These patients presented with nonspecific symptoms, including fever, dizziness, headache, malaise, myalgia, arthritis, and back pain and less frequently with petechiae and localized lymphadenopathy. One patient had neurologic symptoms. Common laboratory findings were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated d-dimer and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Serologic assessment of convalescent-stage samples obtained from 8 patients showed WELV-specific antibody titers that were 4 times as high as those in acute-phase samples. WELV RNA was detected in five tick species and in sheep, horses, pigs, and Transbaikal zokors (Myospalax psilurus) sampled in northeastern China. The virus that was isolated from the index patient and ticks showed cytopathic effects in human umbilical-vein endothelial cells. Intraperitoneal injection of the virus resulted in lethal infections in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and Kunming mice. The Haemaphysalis concinna tick is a possible vector that can transovarially transmit WELV. CONCLUSIONS: A newly discovered orthonairovirus was identified and shown to be associated with human febrile illnesses in northeastern China. (Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences.).
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Fiebre , Nairovirus , Mordeduras de Garrapatas , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , China/epidemiología , Fiebre/diagnóstico , Fiebre/epidemiología , Fiebre/virología , Nairovirus/genética , Nairovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Nairovirus/patogenicidad , Filogenia , Mordeduras de Garrapatas/complicaciones , Mordeduras de Garrapatas/virología , Prevalencia , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ovinos , Caballos , Porcinos , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
Tick-borne pathogens are significant for human, veterinary, and wildlife health. Coxiella burnetii is an example that is widely distributed across various hosts and can cross species boundaries. In Pakistan, there is a scarcity of data regarding C. burnetii at the intersection of wildlife and livestock. Ticks were collected from ruminants and wildlife from the districts of Kasur, Pakpattan, and Okara in Pakistan. Five tick species totaling 571 ticks were collected, with the following distribution: 56.4% Hyalomma anatolicum, 22.4% Rhipicephalus microplus, 10.5% Hyalomma marginatum, 7.9% Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and 2.8% Rhipicephalus turanicus. Fifty tick pools were screened for C. burnetii to amplify a segment of the IS1111 using real-time PCR assays. Ticks collected from sheep and goats had a greater rate of positivity for C. burnetii (40% and 38%, respectively) compared to Indian long-eared hedgehogs with a prevalence of 2%. Coxiella burnetii was prominent in Rhipicephalus microplus (92.3%) and Hyalomma anatolicum (88.9%), followed by Rhipicephalus turanicus (66.6%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (33.3%), and Hyalomma marginatum (25.0%). Ticks from Pakpattan district displayed the highest prevalence of C. burnetii (88.9%), whereas the lowest was observed in ticks from Kasur district (77.3%). There was no significant association between tick gender and C. burnetii infection. Female host animals were more likely to harbor ticks containing C. burnetii, with a prevalence rate of 81.8%. The research underscores the urgent need for comprehensive studies on C. burnetii in Pakistan, especially at the interface of wildlife and livestock. The high prevalence rates observed in certain tick species and geographic regions emphasize the importance of targeted public health interventions. Future research should focus on elucidating the transmission dynamics and implementing effective control measures to mitigate the impact of these pathogens on human, veterinary, and wildlife health in the region.
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Animales Salvajes , Coxiella burnetii , Cabras , Ixodidae , Fiebre Q , Infestaciones por Garrapatas , Animales , Coxiella burnetii/aislamiento & purificación , Coxiella burnetii/genética , Pakistán/epidemiología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Femenino , Fiebre Q/veterinaria , Fiebre Q/epidemiología , Fiebre Q/microbiología , Ixodidae/microbiología , Masculino , Ovinos , Prevalencia , Erizos/microbiología , Erizos/parasitología , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/microbiología , Animales DomésticosRESUMEN
Background: Pneumonia is the largest cause of mortality in Canadian lambs. Currently there are no licensed ovine vaccines in Canada to reduce economic losses from this production-limiting disease. Objective animals and procedure: The effectiveness of an experimental subunit Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin A (LtxA) and transferrin binding protein B (TbpB) vaccine was evaluated in lambs for reduction of clinical disease in an experimental challenge study and in a controlled randomized field trial in a large commercial sheep operation. Results: Following an experimental challenge of parainfluenza 3 virus and M. haemolytica, the subunit vaccine induced significantly higher LtxA and TbpB antibody titers at 48 d post-challenge compared to the adjuvant and Ovipast Plus bacterin (Merck Animal Health), but there were no significant differences in clinical signs or mortality among vaccine groups. Following vaccination of commercial ewes and their lambs at weaning, the only significant difference in health, growth, and carcass traits between vaccinates and non-vaccinates was a slightly higher pneumonia treatment rate in vaccinated preweaned lambs (25.7%) compared to unvaccinated preweaned lambs (23.4%) (P = 0.04). Conclusion and clinical relevance: Although vaccination with the experimental subunit M. haemolytica vaccine induced high LtxA and TbpB antibodies, it did not reduce clinical disease in lambs following an experimental challenge study or in a controlled randomized field trial in a commercial sheep operation. Further research is required to identify additional protective antigens for a safe and effective ovine respiratory vaccine to reduce pneumonia losses in commercial sheep flocks.
Efficacité d'un vaccin respiratoire sous-unitaire expérimental de Mannheimia haemolytica ovin à réduire la pneumonie chez les agneaux. Contexte: La pneumonie est la principale cause de mortalité chez les agneaux canadiens. Présentement, il n'y a aucun vaccin ovin homologué au Canada pour réduire les pertes économiques associées à cette pathologie limitant la production. Objectif animaux et procédure: L'efficacité d'un vaccin sous-unitaire expérimental à base de la leucotoxine A (LtxA) et de la protéine B liant la transferrine (TbpB) de Mannheimia haemolytica a été évalué chez des agneaux pour la réduction de la maladie clinique lors d'une infection expérimentale et lors d'un essai de champs randomisé et contrôlé dans un grand élevage commercial de moutons. Résultats: À la suite d'une infection expérimentale avec le virus parainfluenza 3 et M. haemolytica, le vaccin sous-unitaire a induit des titres d'anticorps significativement plus élevés contre LtxA et TbpB à 48 j post-infection comparativement à l'adjuvant et à la bactérine Ovipast Plus (Merck Santé Animale), mais il n'y avait aucune différence significative dans les signes cliniques ou la mortalité parmi les groupes vaccinés. À la suite de la vaccination de brebis commerciales et de leurs agneaux au moment du sevrage, la seule différence significative dans la santé, la croissance et les caractéristiques des carcasses entre les animaux vaccinés et non-vaccinés était un taux légèrement plus élevé de traitement de la pneumonie chez les agneaux vaccinés pré-sevrage (25,7 %) comparativement aux agneaux non-vaccinés au présevrage (23,4 %) (P = 0,04). Conclusion et pertinence clinique: Bien que la vaccination avec le vaccin sous-unitaire expérimental M. haemolytica ait induit des taux d'anticorps élevés contre LtxA et TbpB, il n'a pas réduit la maladie clinique chez les agneaux à la suite d'une infection expérimentale ou lors d'un essai clinique randomisé contrôlé dans un élevage ovin commercial. Des recherches supplémentaires sont requises pour identifier des antigènes protecteurs additionnels pour un vaccin respiratoire ovin efficace pour réduire les pertes associées à la pneumonie dans les troupeaux ovins commerciaux.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Bacterianas , Mannheimia haemolytica , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Vacunas de Subunidad , Animales , Mannheimia haemolytica/inmunología , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/prevención & control , Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Femenino , Vacunas de Subunidad/inmunología , Neumonía/veterinaria , Neumonía/prevención & control , Masculino , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/prevención & control , Pasteurelosis Neumónica/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. are intracellular vector-borne pathogens and harbored by a wide range of ticks and vertebrate hosts. Aim of this study was to molecularly characterize Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. in different ticks collected from livestock hosts in nine districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. In total, 862 ticks were collected from cattle, goats and sheep. Highest tick's infestation was observed on cattle 56.14% (32/57), followed by goats 45.45% (40/88), and sheep 42.05% (45/107). Rhipicephalus microplus (305/862, 35.38%) was predominant species, followed by Haemaphysalis sulcata (243/862, 28.19%), Hyalomma anatolicum (133/862, 15.42%), Haemaphysalis bispinosa (120/862, 13.92%), and Hyalomma kumari (61/862, 7.07%). A subset of 135 ticks were screened for Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. based on the amplification of partial 16 S rDNA and outer-membrane protein A (ompA) fragments, respectively. In total, 16 ticks (11.85%) were positive for Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. Obtained 16 S rDNA sequences for Anaplasma spp. detected in Ha. bispinosa and Ha. sulcata showed 99.98% identity with Anaplasma bovis, while other detected in Rh. microplus showed 99.84% identity with Candidatus Anaplasma boleense. Similarly, detected ompA sequence in Ha. sulcata showed 100% identity with Rickettsia sp. and 97.93% with Rickettsia slovaca, and another sequence detected in Rh. microplus showed 100% identity with Candidatus Rickettsia shennongii. In phylogenetic trees, these sequences clustered with corresponding species from Pakistan, China, Turkey, South Korea, South Africa, and Herzegovina. This is the first study reporting detection of A. bovis in Ha. bispinosa and Ha. sulcata, Ca. A. boleense in Rh. microplus collected from goats, and R. slovaca-like in Ha. sulcata. Our results enforce the need for regular surveillance of Rickettsiales in hard ticks infesting livestock in the region.
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Anaplasma , Cabras , Rickettsia , Infestaciones por Garrapatas , Animales , Rickettsia/aislamiento & purificación , Rickettsia/genética , Rickettsia/clasificación , Anaplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Anaplasma/genética , Anaplasma/clasificación , Ovinos , Bovinos , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/parasitología , Pakistán/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Filogenia , Ixodidae/microbiología , Anaplasmosis/microbiología , Anaplasmosis/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , FemeninoRESUMEN
The Tibetan sheep industry is a typical representative of plateau animal husbandry and grassland animal husbandry and is also one of the characteristic industries in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region. The study of this industry is of great significance to promoting the high-quality development of animal husbandry and the region. Based on the production data and statistical data of Tibetan sheep in the main producing areas of Qinghai Province, this paper adopts the entropy method and the coupling coordination degree model to study the high-quality development of animal husbandry in Qinghai province from five dimensions: product quality, production efficiency, economic benefits, environmental friendliness and environmental conditions. The results showed that the high-quality development level and coupling coordination degree of the Tibetan sheep industry in Haibei Prefecture, Hainan Prefecture, Haixi Prefecture and Huangnan Prefecture of Qinghai Province showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2020. Among them, the high-quality development level of the Tibetan sheep industry in Haibei Prefecture and Hainan Prefecture of Qinghai Province significantly increased from 2019 to 2020, but the coupling coordination degree decreased.
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Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Animales , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Ovinos , Tibet , ChinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Milk is essential for mammalian nutrition because it provides vital nutrients for growth and development. Milk composition, which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, supports lactation, a complex process crucial for milk production and quality. Recent research has focused on noncoding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), which are present in body fluids and regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. This study comprehensively characterizes miRNAs in milk of four livestock species, namely Bubalus bubalis, Capra hircus, Equus asinus, and Ovis aries and identifies potential target genes. RESULTS: High-throughput sequencing of milk RNA resulted in distinct read counts across species: B. bubalis (8,790,441 reads), C. hircus (12,976,275 reads), E. asinus (9,385,067 reads), and O. aries (7,295,297 reads). E. asinus had the highest RNA mapping rate (94.6%) and O. aries the lowest (84.8%). A substantially greater proportion of miRNAs over other small RNAs was observed for the donkey milk sample (7.74%) compared to buffalo (0.87%), goat (1.57%), and sheep (1.12%). Shared miRNAs, which included miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-23a among others, showed varying expression levels across species, confirmed by qPCR analysis. Functional annotation of predicted miRNA target genes highlighted diverse roles, with an enrichment in functions linked to metabolism and immunity. Pathway analysis identified immune response pathways as significant, with several miRNAs targeting specific genes across species, suggesting their regulatory function in milk. CONCLUSIONS: Both conserved and species-specific miRNAs were detected in milk of the investigated species. The identified target genes of these miRNAs have important roles in neonatal development, adaptation, growth, and immune response. Furthermore, they influence milk and meat production traits in livestock.
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Ganado , MicroARNs , Leche , Animales , MicroARNs/genética , Leche/metabolismo , Ganado/genética , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Cabras/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Femenino , Especificidad de la Especie , Ovinos/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
Handmade cloning (HMC) has a higher yield and is relatively less difficult to operate compared to traditional micromanipulation cloning. Yet, there are few reports on handmade cloning in sheep. Therefore, this study investigates the key nodes such as AC and DC voltage, denucleation method and fusion method in sheep handmade cloning. In addition, it compares the effects of fibroblasts (FC) and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) of different states as donors on the development of HMC embryos. Furthermore, the effect of different freezing solutions on the survival rate of frozen blastocysts without zona pellucida was also investigated. The results indicate that an AC voltage of 150 V/cm and a DC voltage of 1800 V/cm significantly enhanced the fusion and blastocyst rates (p < .01). The blastocyst rate achieved with umbilical cord MSCs as nucleus donors was significantly higher (40.3%) than that achieved with fibroblasts and differentiated umbilical cord MSCs (21.5%, 22.5%) (p < .01). The highest survival rate was achieved using 20% DMSO + 20% EG for freezing without zona pellucida. In conclusion, the most efficient and pregnant ovine HMC cloning method using 150 V/cm AC, 1800 V/cm DC, knife-cut denucleation, two-step fusion and the use of UC-MSCs as nucleus donors resulted in the highest overall efficiency and pregnancy after transplantation.
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Blastocisto , Clonación de Organismos , Fibroblastos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Técnicas de Transferencia Nuclear , Cordón Umbilical , Animales , Cordón Umbilical/citología , Clonación de Organismos/veterinaria , Clonación de Organismos/métodos , Femenino , Embarazo , Técnicas de Transferencia Nuclear/veterinaria , Ovinos , Núcleo Celular , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Criopreservación/métodos , Oveja Doméstica , Técnicas de Cultivo de Embriones/veterinariaRESUMEN
Fermented traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been identified as a low-cost and promising feed additive to to alleviate weaning stress in young livestock and poultry effectively. This study investigated the impact of probiotic fermentation on the metabolite content of BanQi (Radix Isatidis and Astragalus membranaceus) extract while also examined the effects of both fermented-BanQi (FBQ) and unfermented-BanQi (UBQ) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, intestinal villi, and gut microbiota in weaned lambs. This study demonstrated that compared with UBQ, FBQ contained significantly higher levels of free amino acids (e.g., phenylalanine and isoleucine), short peptides (e.g., Val-Leu-Pro-Val-Pro-Gln and Gly-Leu), and the active ingredients (e.g., vindesine and reserpine) (P < 0.05). The addition of FBQ to the diet significantly increased the final body weight and average daily gain of weaned lambs (P < 0.05). In addition, FBQ significantly increased the total protein level in the serum and the villus length of the jejunum and ileum in lambs, while significantly reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and urea (P < 0.05). Sequencing of the intestinal flora showed that FBQ improved the diversity of intestinal flora and promoted the enrichment of beneficial bacteria in the lamb intestine, such as Mogibacterium and Butyrivibrio, compared to NC or UBQ groups (P < 0.05). Fermentation with Bacillus subtilis can enhance the content of free amino acids, peptides, and active ingredients in BanQi extract, making it an effective method to improve the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. Adding FBQ to the diet can improve the growth performance of weaned lambs, and its mechanism may be related to increasing the height of intestinal villi and increasing the diversity of intestinal flora.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Fermentación , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Medicina Tradicional China , Metabolómica , Destete , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Ovinos , Metabolómica/métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Probióticos/farmacología , Astragalus propinquusRESUMEN
This study was designed to predict the post-weaning weights of Akkaraman lambs reared on different farms using multiple linear regression and machine learning algorithms. The effect of factors the age of the dam, gender, type of lambing, enterprise, type of flock, birth weight, and weaning weight was analyzed. The data was collected from a total of 25,316 Akkaraman lambs raised at multiple farms in the Çiftlik District of Nigde province. Comparative analysis was conducted by using multiple linear regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (and Support Vector Regression), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) (and Gradient Boosting), Bayesian Regularized Neural Network, Radial Basis Function Neural Network, Classification and Regression Trees, Exhaustive Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (and Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection), and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines algorithms. In this study, the test dataset was divided into five layers using the K-fold cross-validation method. The performance of models was compared using performance criteria such as Adjusted R-squared (Adj-[Formula: see text]), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) by utilizing test populations in the predicted models. Additionally, the presence of low standard deviations for these criteria indicates the absence of an overfitting problem. [Formula: see text]The comparison results showed the Random Forest algorithm had the best predictive performance compared to other algorithms with Adj-[Formula: see text], RMSE, MAD, and MAPE values of 0.75, 3.683, 2.876, and 10.112, respectively. In conclusion, the results obtained through Multiple Linear Regression for the live weights of Akkaraman lambs were less accurate than the results obtained through artificial neural network analysis.
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Peso Corporal , Aprendizaje Automático , Oveja Doméstica , Animales , Modelos Lineales , Femenino , Masculino , Oveja Doméstica/fisiología , Oveja Doméstica/crecimiento & desarrollo , India , Algoritmos , Ovinos , Peso al NacerRESUMEN
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most economically significant viral diseases of cattle caused by the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), classified as a member of the genus Capripoxvirus and belongs to the family Poxviridae. Nodular skin samples were collected from clinically sick cattle in the districts of Amuru and Wara Jarso Ethiopia to isolate LSD virus. The virus was isolated using primary lamb testis and kidney cells. The isolated LSDV was infected into a healthy calf while maintaining the necessary biosecurity measures to generate skin lesions and to assess disease progression using postmortem examinations. On the fourth day after virus inoculation, the calf developed typical LSD skin nodules with increased rectal temperature, which lasted until the 12th day, when they began to decrease. Viral shedding was detected in nasal, oral, and conjunctival swabs from 6 to 14 days after infection using real-time PCR. Post-mortem tissue specimens tested positive for LSD virus using real-time PCR and virus isolation. This study showed that LSDV were responsible for the LSD outbreaks, and the appearance of typical skin nodules accompanied by fever (> 39.5 °C) defined the virus's virulent status. The experimental infection with the isolated infectious LSDV could serve as a platform for future vaccine evaluation study using an LSDV challenge model.
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Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa , Virus de la Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa , Animales , Virus de la Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa/genética , Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa/virología , Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa/patología , Bovinos , Piel/virología , Piel/patología , Esparcimiento de Virus , Etiopía , Ovinos , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to introduce a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in conjunction with segregation analysis on monogenic categorical traits. Genotype probabilities calculated from phenotypes, mode of inheritance and pedigree information, are expressed as the expected allele count (EAC) (range 0 to 2), and are inherited additively, by definition, unlike the original phenotypes, which are non-additive and could be of incomplete penetrance. The EAC are regressed on the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes, similar to an additive GWAS. In this study, horn phenotypes in Merino sheep are used to illustrate the advantages of using the segregation GWAS, a trait believed to be monogenic, affected by dominance, sex-dependent expression and likely affected by incomplete penetrance. We also used simulation to investigate whether incomplete penetrance can cause prediction errors in Merino sheep for horn status. RESULTS: Estimated penetrance values differed between the sexes, where males showed almost complete penetrance, especially for horned and polled phenotypes, while females had low penetrance values for the horned status. This suggests that females homozygous for the 'horned allele' have a horned phenotype in only 22% of the cases while 78% will be knobbed or have scurs. The GWAS using EAC on 4001 animals and 510,174 SNP genotypes from the Illumina Ovine high-density (600k) chip gave a stronger association compared to using actual phenotypes. The correlation between the EAC and the allele count of the SNP with the highest -log10(p-value) was 0.73 in males and 0.67 in females. Simulations using penetrance values found by the segregation analyses resulted in higher correlations between the EAC and the causative mutation (0.95 for males and 0.89 for females, respectively), suggesting that the most predictive SNP is not in full LD with the causative mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show clear differences in penetrance values between males and female Merino sheep for horn status. Segregation analysis for a trait with mutually exclusive phenotypes, non-additive inheritance, and/or incomplete penetrance can lead to considerably more power in a GWAS because the linearized genotype probabilities are additive and can accommodate incomplete penetrance. This method can be extended to any monogenic controlled categorical trait of which the phenotypes are mutually exclusive.
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Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Cuernos , Penetrancia , Fenotipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo/métodos , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo/veterinaria , Ovinos/genética , Genotipo , Modelos Genéticos , Linaje , AlelosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Accurate breed identification is essential for the conservation and sustainable use of indigenous farm animal genetic resources. In this study, we evaluated the phylogenetic relationships and genomic breed compositions of 13 sheep breeds using SNP and InDel data from whole genome sequencing. The breeds included 11 Chinese indigenous and 2 foreign commercial breeds. We compared different strategies for breed identification with respect to different marker types, i.e. SNPs, InDels, and a combination of SNPs and InDels (named SIs), different breed-informative marker detection methods, and different machine learning classification methods. RESULTS: Using WGS-based SNPs and InDels, we revealed the phylogenetic relationships between 11 Chinese indigenous and two foreign sheep breeds and quantified their purities through estimated genomic breed compositions. We found that the optimal strategy for identifying these breeds was the combination of DFI_union for breed-informative marker detection, which integrated the methods of Delta, Pairwise Wright's FST, and Informativeness for Assignment (namely DFI) by merging the breed-informative markers derived from the three methods, and KSR for breed assignment, which integrated the methods of K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest (namely KSR) by intersecting their results. Using SI markers improved the identification accuracy compared to using SNPs or InDels alone. We achieved accuracies over 97.5% when using at least the 1000 most breed-informative (MBI) SI markers and even 100% when using 5000 SI markers. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide not only an important foundation for conservation of these Chinese local sheep breeds, but also general approaches for breed identification of indigenous farm animal breeds.