RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Hantavirus infection is a zoonotic disease from rodents to humans, necessitating seroprevalence assessment for disease burden clarification and control measure implementation. This study aimed to estimate global hantaviruses seroprevalence, examining variations by regions, populations or settings. METHODS: A comprehensive database search identified studies on human hantaviruses seroprevalence using IgG detection until january 2024. A random-effects meta-analysis estimated pooled seroprevalence, with subgroup analyses for geographical region, population, setting or occupation. RESULTS: Out of 3,382 abstracts reviewed, 110 studies were selected, comprising 81,815 observations and 3207 events. The global seroprevalence was calculated at 2.93% (2.34%-3.67%). In terms of geographical distribution, our analysis encompassed 61 studies from the Americas, where the seroprevalence was estimated at 2.43% (95% CI: 1.71%-3.46%), 33 studies from Europe indicating a seroprevalence of 2.98% (95% CI: 2.19%-4.06%), 10 studies from Asia revealing a seroprevalence of 6.84% (95% CI: 3.64%-12.50%), and 6 studies from Africa demonstrating a seroprevalence of 2.21% (95% CI: 1.82%-2.71%). Subgroup analysis underscored varying seroprevalence rates across different populations, settings, and occupations, highlighting the necessity for targeted interventions and preventive measures. CONCLUSION: The analysis reveals a moderate global hantaviruses seroprevalence, emphasizing the viral family's complex transmission dynamics influenced by exposure and geographical factors. This highlights the need for targeted prevention and control strategies.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Hantavirus , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Humanos , Infecciones por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Salud Global/estadística & datos numéricos , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Orthohantavirus/aislamiento & purificación , AnimalesRESUMEN
Three lateral flow immunoassay prototypes developed to detect IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG antibodies against Hantavirus were evaluated. A total of 163 samples were tested: 10 from Hantavirus patients, 103 from related diseases, and 50 from healthy controls. The prototypes exhibited 100 % sensitivity, 97.5 % to 99.3 % specificity, indicating promising improved diagnosis.
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Anticuerpos Antivirales , Infecciones por Hantavirus , Inmunoglobulina G , Inmunoglobulina M , Orthohantavirus , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Hantavirus/inmunología , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Inmunoensayo/métodosRESUMEN
We conducted a development and standardization of an IgG ELISA assay for serological detection of human orthohantavirus infections using the recombinant antigen rLECH13 produced in bacterial and derived from the LECHV. The evaluation and standardization were carried out by analyzing serum samples from a total of 50 patients with confirmed Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) diagnosis through the reference technique, 50 negative sera, and 53 patients with other medical conditions. The data from the assay analysis showed a diagnostic sensitivity value of 95% and a diagnostic specificity of 80%. The high sensitivity of this novel assay leads us to conclude that rLECH13 is a feasible option for use in the immunodiagnostic of orthohantavirus infection. Additionally, it is crucial to have an antigen that can be produced under conditions that do not require highly complex laboratories. Furthermore, the new assay is cost-effective, reproducible, and demonstrates excellent performance.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Infecciones por Hantavirus , Orthohantavirus , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Humanos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Orthohantavirus/genética , Orthohantavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Argentina , Infecciones por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside/inmunología , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Antígenos ViralesRESUMEN
Few cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome have been reported in northeastern Argentina. However, neighboring areas show a higher incidence, suggesting underreporting. We evaluated the presence of antibodies against orthohantavirus in small rodents throughout Misiones province. Infected Akodon affinis montensis and Oligoryzomys nigripes native rodents were found in protected areas of Misiones.
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Anticuerpos Antivirales , Orthohantavirus , Animales , Argentina/epidemiología , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Orthohantavirus/clasificación , Orthohantavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Hantavirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Hantavirus/virología , Roedores/virología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/virología , Humanos , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Reservorios de Enfermedades/virologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Hantavirus, a zoonotic pathogen, causes severe syndromes like hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), sometimes fatal in humans. Considering the importance of detecting the hantavirus antigen, the construction of an immunosensor is essential. The structural and functional characteristics of camelid nanobodies (VHHs) encourage their application in the areas of nanobiotechnology, therapeutics, diagnostics, and basic research. Therefore, this study aimed to standardize stable bioconjugates using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and VHHs, in order to develop immunobiosensors for the diagnosis of hantavirus infection. METHODS: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) was performed to obtain purified recombinant anti-hantavirus nucleocapsid nanobodies (anti-prNΔ85 VHH), while AuNPs were synthesized for bioconjugation. UV-visible spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were employed to characterize AuNPs. RESULTS: The bioconjugation stability parameters (VHH-AuNPs), analyzed by spectrophotometry, showed that the ideal pH value and VHH concentration were obtained at 7.4 and 50 µg/mL, respectively, after addition of 1 M NaCl, which induces AuNP aggregation. TEM performed before and after bioconjugation showed uniform, homogeneous, well-dispersed, and spherical AuNPs with an average diameter of ~ 14 ± 0.57 nm. Furthermore, high-resolution images revealed a thin white halo on the surface of the AuNPs, indicating the coating of the AuNPs with protein. A biosensor simulation test (dot blot-like [DB-like]) was performed in stationary phase to verify the binding and detection limits of the recombinant nucleocapsid protein from the Araucária hantavirus strain (prN∆85). DISCUSSION: Using AuNPs/VHH bioconjugates, a specific interaction was detected between 5 and 10 min of reaction in a dose-dependent manner. It was observed that this test was sensitive enough to detect prNΔ85 at concentrations up to 25 ng/µL. Considering that nanostructured biological systems such as antibodies conjugated with AuNPs are useful tools for the development of chemical and biological sensors, the stability of the bioconjugate indicates proficiency in detecting antigens. The experimental results obtained will be used in a future immunospot assay or lateral flow immunochromatography analysis for hantavirus detection.
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Técnicas Biosensibles , Oro , Nanopartículas del Metal , Orthohantavirus , Anticuerpos de Dominio Único , Oro/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Anticuerpos de Dominio Único/inmunología , Anticuerpos de Dominio Único/química , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Humanos , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Animales , Infecciones por Hantavirus/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Bats are hosts of a range of viruses, and their great diversity and unique characteristics that distinguish them from all other mammals have been related to the maintenance, evolution, and dissemination of these pathogens. Recently, very divergent hantaviruses have been discovered in distinct species of bats worldwide, but their association with human disease remains unclear. Considering the low success rates of detecting hantavirus RNA in bat tissues and that to date no hantaviruses have been isolated from bat samples, immunodiagnostic tools could be very helpful to understand pathogenesis, epidemiology, and geographic range of bat-borne hantaviruses. In this sense, we aimed to identify in silico immunogenic B-cell epitopes present on bat-borne hantaviruses nucleoprotein (NP) and verify if they are conserved among them and other selected members of Mammantavirinae, using a combination of (the three most used) different prediction algorithms, ELLIPRO, Discotope 2.0, and PEPITO server. To support our data, we in silico modeled 3D structures of NPs from representative members of bat-borne hantaviruses, using comparative and ab initio methods due to the absence of crystallographic structures of studied proteins or similar models in the Protein Data Bank. Our analysis demonstrated the antigenic complexity of the bat-borne hantaviruses group, showing a low sequence conservation of epitopes among members of its own group and a minor conservation degree in comparison to Orthohantavirus, with a recognized importance to public health. Our data suggest that the use of recombinant rodent-borne hantavirus NPs to cross-detect antibodies against bat- or shrew-borne viruses could underestimate the real impact of this virus in nature.
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Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Quirópteros/virología , Epítopos de Linfocito B/química , Epítopos de Linfocito B/inmunología , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside/química , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside/inmunología , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Algoritmos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Aminoácidos/análisis , Animales , Antígenos Virales/química , Secuencia Conservada , Orthohantavirus/química , Orthohantavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Orthohantavirus/fisiología , Especificidad del Huésped , Modelos Moleculares , Filogenia , Conformación Proteica , Estructura Secundaria de Proteína , Musarañas/virologíaRESUMEN
Background: New World Hantaviruses (NWHs) are the etiological agent underlying hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a severe respiratory disease with high mortality rates in humans. In Panama, infections with Choclo Orthohantavirus (CHOV) cause a much milder illness characterized by higher seroprevalence and lower mortality rates. To date, the cytokine profiles and antibody responses associated with this milder form of HCPS have not been defined. Therefore, in this study, we examined immune serological profiles associated with CHOV infections. Methods: For this retrospective study, sera from fifteen individuals with acute CHOV-induced HCPS, were analyzed alongside sera from fifteen convalescent phase individuals and thirty-three asymptomatic, CHOV-seropositive individuals. Cytokine profiles were analyzed by multiplex immunoassay. Antibody subclasses, binding, and neutralization against CHOV-glycoprotein (CHOV-GP) were evaluated by ELISA, and flow cytometry. Results: High titers of IFNγ, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-10 serum cytokines were found in the acute individuals. Elevated IL-4 serum levels were found in convalescent and asymptomatic seropositive individuals. High titers of IgG1 subclass were observed across the three cohorts analyzed. Neutralizing antibody response against CHOV-GP was detectable in few acute individuals but was strong in both convalescent and asymptomatic seropositive individuals. Conclusion: A Th1/Th2 cytokine signature is characteristic during acute mild HCPS caused by CHOV infection. High expression of Th2 and IL-8 cytokines are correlated with clinical parameters in acute mild HCPS. In addition, a strong IL-4 signature is associated with different cohorts, including asymptomatic individuals. Furthermore, asymptomatic individuals presented high titers of neutralizing antibodies.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales , Citocinas , Infecciones por Hantavirus , Inmunoglobulina G , Orthohantavirus , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Citocinas/sangre , Citocinas/inmunología , Femenino , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Orthohantavirus/metabolismo , Infecciones por Hantavirus/sangre , Infecciones por Hantavirus/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Células TH1/inmunología , Células TH1/metabolismo , Células Th2/inmunología , Células Th2/metabolismoRESUMEN
In order to determine whether southern Amazonian bats could harbour hantaviruses we, serologically and molecularly, screened blood, saliva, excreta and organ tissues of 47 bats captured from September to December 2015. We found that only phyllostomid bats presented antibodies against hantavirus. The seropositive bats belonged to two species of Phyllostomid bats: the greater spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus hastatus (omnivorous) and the gnome fruit-eating bat Dermanura gnoma. The overall seroprevalence was of 4.2%. Therefore, we show here that hantaviruses are circulating among phyllostomid bats in the Amazonian arc of deforestation.
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Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Quirópteros/virología , Infecciones por Hantavirus/veterinaria , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Quirópteros/inmunología , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Femenino , Bosques , Orthohantavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Hantavirus/virología , Masculino , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
Abstract INTRODUCTION: In Colombia, there is insufficient epidemiological surveillance of zoonotic hemorrhagic viruses. METHODS: We performed a sero-epidemiological study in indigenous populations of Wayuü, Kankuamos, and Tuchin communities using Maciel hantavirus and Junin arenavirus antigens for IgG detection by ELISA. RESULTS IgG antibodies to hantavirus and arenavirus were found in 5/506 (1%) and 2/506 (0.4%) serum samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Arenavirus and hantavirus circulate in indigenous populations from the Colombian Caribbean region, and the results indicate that the indigenous populations are exposed to these zoonotic agents, with unknown consequences on their health, despite low seroprevalence.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Indígenas Sudamericanos , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Arenavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Arenaviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Colombia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Hantavirus/diagnósticoRESUMEN
During the Brazilian slavery period, many African migrants were brought to the American continent. Historically, some of these migrants escaped from the Brazilian gold mines and farms to which they had been brought and settled in remote valleys and this was the main mode of resistance to the slavery system. These runaway-slave descendant communities are called quilombos, a group with distinct ethnic identity, specific behavioral habits, including geographic isolation and conservative practices. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of rodent-borne viruses in two Afro-descendent communities from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Midwestern Brazil. A total of 319 individuals from rural and urban quilombola communities were enrolled. Twelve (3.76%) had anti-rodent-borne virus IgG antibodies. Seven (2.19%) were anti-mammarenavirus reactive and nine (2.82%) had anti-orthohantavirus antibodies. The literature includes limited data on the health status of quilombola communities, but all the studies emphasize the disparity of attention of local healthcare personnel to these communities compared to the general population. The findings of this study highlight the vulnerability and the precarious health conditions of quilombola groups, especially those living in rural areas and thus, point to the need of preventive measures to improve access to healthcare for this ethnic group.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones por Arenaviridae/epidemiología , Arenaviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Infecciones por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , Población Negra , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Infecciones por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Roedores/virología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: In Colombia, there is insufficient epidemiological surveillance of zoonotic hemorrhagic viruses. METHODS: We performed a sero-epidemiological study in indigenous populations of Wayuü, Kankuamos, and Tuchin communities using Maciel hantavirus and Junin arenavirus antigens for IgG detection by ELISA. RESULTS: IgG antibodies to hantavirus and arenavirus were found in 5/506 (1%) and 2/506 (0.4%) serum samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Arenavirus and hantavirus circulate in indigenous populations from the Colombian Caribbean region, and the results indicate that the indigenous populations are exposed to these zoonotic agents, with unknown consequences on their health, despite low seroprevalence.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones por Arenaviridae/epidemiología , Arenavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Indígenas Sudamericanos , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Adulto , Infecciones por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , Colombia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Infecciones por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
Hantaviruses, causal agents of the potentially lethal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, have widely distributed rodent hosts. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we tested blood from 398 wild rodents captured in eastern New Mexico, US in 2015-17 and found 42 antibody-positive samples representing six genera.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones por Hantavirus/veterinaria , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/virología , Roedores/sangre , Animales , Infecciones por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Hantavirus/virología , New Mexico/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermedades de los Roedores/sangre , Enfermedades de los Roedores/epidemiología , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
We report viral RNA loads and antibody responses in 6 severe human cases of Maripa virus infection (2 favorable outcomes) and monitored both measures during the 6-week course of disease in 1 nonfatal case. Further research is needed to determine prevalence of this virus and its effect on other hantaviruses.
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Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Orthohantavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto , Anciano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Guyana Francesa , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/mortalidad , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/virología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , ARN Viral/sangre , Carga ViralRESUMEN
We describe an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Burruyacú Department, Province of Tucumán. The detection in 2016 of a case of hantavirosis affecting a 23-year-old woman, considered at that time to be the first case occurred in that province, promoted a thorough epidemiological study. The investigation allowed the retrospective detection of another case occurred one month earlier in a 5-year-old child in the same Department. In both cases, the infection was confirmed by serology (case 1 at days 4 and 7 of disease onset, case 2 at day 4) and the viral genotype was characterized as HU39694. The contacts of both cases were serologically negative for hantavirus. The rodents captured in the area belonged to genus Akodon, genus Calomys and species Mus musculus. Oligoryzomys, the known reservoir for this viral genotype, was not found. Specific anti-hantavirus antibodies were not detected in the captured rodents. Given that the patients had not visited hantavirus endemic areas and their contacts were negative for hantavirus, we infer that the patients were locally exposed to fluids of infected rodents during their usual social or recreational outdoor activities. In conclusion, we demonstrate that hantavirus HU39694 -a genotype until now considered to be restricted to the Central Pampas of the country- is circulating in the North Western province of Tucumán. The endemic area of hantavirosis is thus expanded to this province but the viral reservoir in the area has not yet been identified.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Reservorios de Enfermedades/virología , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Orthohantavirus , Roedores/virología , Animales , Argentina/epidemiología , Preescolar , Brotes de Enfermedades , Reservorios de Enfermedades/clasificación , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Genotipo , Orthohantavirus/genética , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Estudios Retrospectivos , Roedores/clasificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Se describe un brote de síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus en el departamento de Burruyacú, provincia de Tucumán. La detección en 2016 de un caso de hantavirosis en una joven de 23 años -en ese momento considerado el primero ocurrido en dicha provincia- promovió un estudio epidemiológico exhaustivo, que permitió detectar retrospectivamente otro caso ocurrido en un niño de 5 años, un mes antes, en el mismo departamento. La infección fue confirmada por serología en ambos casos (caso 1 en muestras de 4 y 7 días de evolución, caso 2 en muestra a los 4 días). En ambos casos el genotipo viral fue caracterizado como HU39694 y los contactos fueron serológicamente negativos. En las áreas fueron identificados roedores pertenecientes a los géneros Akodon y Calomys y a la especie Mus musculus, pero no a Oligoryzomys, el reservorio habitual del genotipo HU39694. Tampoco se detectaron anticuerpos anti-hantavirus en suero de los roedores capturados. La ausencia de registro de viajes a área endémica de este genotipo y los hábitos recreacionales de los pacientes, sumados a los resultados serológicos negativos para hantavirus en los contactos, permiten inferir la posible exposición de los pacientes a fluidos de roedores infectados durante actividades recreativas o sociales al aire libre en sus respectivas áreas de residencia. En conclusión, se demuestra la circulación en Tucumán del genotipo viral HU39694, hasta ahora considerado restringido a la región pampeana central. Se extiende así a Tucumán el área endémica de hantavirosis, pero no se identificó el reservorio en el área.
We describe an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Burruyacú Department, Province of Tucumán. The detection in 2016 of a case of hantavirosis affecting a 23-year-old woman, considered at that time to be the first case occurred in that province, promoted a thorough epidemiological study. The investigation allowed the retrospective detection of another case occurred one month earlier in a 5-year-old child in the same Department. In both cases, the infection was confirmed by serology (case 1 at days 4 and 7 of disease onset, case 2 at day 4) and the viral genotype was characterized as HU39694. The contacts of both cases were serologically negative for hantavirus. The rodents captured in the area belonged to genus Akodon, genus Calomys and species Mus musculus. Oligoryzomys, the known reservoir for this viral genotype, was not found. Specific anti-hantavirus antibodies were not detected in the captured rodents. Given that the patients had not visited hantavirus endemic areas and their contacts were negative for hantavirus, we infer that the patients were locally exposed to fluids of infected rodents during their usual social or recreational outdoor activities. In conclusion, we demonstrate that hantavirus HU39694 -a genotype until now considered to be restricted to the Central Pampas of the country- is circulating in the North Western province of Tucumán. The endemic area of hantavirosis is thus expanded to this province but the viral reservoir in the area has not yet been identified.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Adulto Joven , Roedores/virología , Reservorios de Enfermedades/virología , Orthohantavirus/genética , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Argentina/epidemiología , Roedores/clasificación , Reservorios de Enfermedades/clasificación , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Brotes de Enfermedades , Estudios Retrospectivos , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , GenotipoRESUMEN
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is rare in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Prospective surveillance was conducted over a two-year period in Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil. The prevalence of anti-hantavirus N-antigen IgM and IgG in human serum samples was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing. RESULTS: High avidity IgG was found in nine of 476 serum samples tested (from 102 patients with clinical manifestations compatible with HCPS, 124 patients with leptospirosis, and 250 healthy rural workers). CONCLUSIONS: Serologic evidence of past hantavirus infection in residents of Alagoas State indicates that hantaviruses are present in northeastern Brazil, even in areas silent for HCPS.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Infecciones por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Población Rural , Brasil/epidemiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Vigilancia de la Población , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION:: Emerging diseases are of great interest, especially those associated with high mortality rates such as hantaviruses. We aimed to conduct a seroepidemiological survey to determine the levels of hantavirus infection. METHODS:: In-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect specific antibodies. RESULTS:: Of the 429 samples collected, seropositivity of 3.9% to anti-hantavirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) was observed (CI 95%: 2.3-5.7). Moreover, in three cases, immunoglobulin M (IgM) was detected, of which two were diagnosed as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). CONCLUSIONS:: Our data indicate the considerable occurrence of previous hantavirus infections, highlighting occurrences from sub-clinical cases to HCPS.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Infecciones por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Población Rural , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Emerging diseases are of great interest, especially those associated with high mortality rates such as hantaviruses. We aimed to conduct a seroepidemiological survey to determine the levels of hantavirus infection. METHODS: In-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect specific antibodies. RESULTS: Of the 429 samples collected, seropositivity of 3.9% to anti-hantavirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) was observed (CI 95%: 2.3-5.7). Moreover, in three cases, immunoglobulin M (IgM) was detected, of which two were diagnosed as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate the considerable occurrence of previous hantavirus infections, highlighting occurrences from sub-clinical cases to HCPS.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Población Rural , Brasil/epidemiología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Infecciones por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Beside its key diagnostic value, the humoral immune response is thought to play a protective role in hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. However, little is known about the cell source of these antibodies during ongoing human infection. Herein we characterized B-cell subsets circulating in Andes-virus-infected patients. A notable potent plasmablast (PB) response that increased 100-fold over the baseline levels was observed around 1 week after the onset of symptoms. These PB present a CD3neg CD19low CD20neg CD38hi CD27hi CD138+/- IgA+/- surface phenotype together with the presence of cytoplasmic functional immunoglobulins. They are large lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) morphologically coincident with the 'immunoblast-like' cells that have been previously described during blood cytology examinations of hantavirus-infected patients. Immunoreactivity analysis of white blood cell lysates suggests that some circulating PB are virus-specific but we also observed a significant increase of reactivity against virus-unrelated antigens, which suggests a possible bystander effect by polyclonal B-cell activation. The presence of this large and transient PB response raises the question as to whether these cells might have a protective or pathological role during the ongoing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and suggest their practical application as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker.
Asunto(s)
Subgrupos de Linfocitos B/inmunología , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/inmunología , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Células Plasmáticas/inmunología , Células Precursoras de Linfocitos B/inmunología , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Autoantígenos/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos B/virología , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular , Femenino , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina A/metabolismo , Activación de Linfocitos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Células Plasmáticas/virología , Células Precursoras de Linfocitos B/virología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is rare in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Prospective surveillance was conducted over a two-year period in Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil. The prevalence of anti-hantavirus N-antigen IgM and IgG in human serum samples was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing. RESULTS: High avidity IgG was found in nine of 476 serum samples tested (from 102 patients with clinical manifestations compatible with HCPS, 124 patients with leptospirosis, and 250 healthy rural workers). CONCLUSIONS: Serologic evidence of past hantavirus infection in residents of Alagoas State indicates that hantaviruses are present in northeastern Brazil, even in areas silent for HCPS.