RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The administration of colostrum through its absorption at the oropharyngeal level stimulates the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, providing a local immunological protection barrier. The study aimed to investigate the association of oropharyngeal colostrum administration with the reduction of inflammatory indices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an observational, ambispective, analytical study of newborns < 32 weeks of gestation at risk of sepsis. Oropharyngeal colostrum was administered at 0.2 mL every 4 h for 5 days. Inflammatory indices were analyzed. Statistical analysis included frequencies, percentages, mean and Standard deviation, contingency coefficient, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the distribution curve of the numerical data. RESULTS: There were 50 patients, 33 (66%) female and 17 (34%) male, with a median gestational age of 30-31 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI]). Nineteen patients had sepsis. A lower positivity rate in C-reactive protein was found, with a median of 0.5-0.6 (95% CI) at 5 days of colostrum administration versus 0.5-1.1 (95% CI) as the initial C-reactive protein. Analysis with χ2 yielded a p = 0.13, and the contingency coefficient showed a p = 0.196, indicating an association. CONCLUSION: Oropharyngeal colostrum administration was associated with a lower C-reactive protein positivity rate and clinical improvement in premature newborns at risk of sepsis.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La administración del calostro a través de su absorción a nivel orofaríngeo estimula el tejido linfoide asociado a mucosas, proporcionando una barrera de protección local e inmunológica. Conocer la asociación de la administración de calostro orofaríngeo con la disminución de los índices inflamatorios. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Observacional, ambispectivo, analítico, recién nacidos < 32 semanas de gestación con riesgo de sepsis, se administró calostro orofaríngeo 0.2 ml cada 4 horas durante 5 días. se analizó índices inflamatorios, evolución clínica. Análisis estadístico: frecuencias, porcentajes, media y DS, coeficiente de contingencia y prueba de Kolmogorov Smirnov para la curva de distribución de los datos numéricos. RESULTADOS: Fueron 50 pacientes, 33 (66%) femenino, 17 (34%) masculino, edad gestacional mediana 30-31 semanas (IC 95%), 19 pacientes cursaron con sepsis encontrando menor índice de positividad en la PCR, mediana de 0.5-0.6 (IC 95%) a los 5 días de administración de calostro vs 0.5-1.1 (IC 95%) como PCR inicial, analizando con Chi cuadrada con valor p = 0.13, mediante coeficiente de contingencia con p = 0.196, traduciendo asociación. CONCLUSIÓN: La calostroterapia se asoció con menor índice de positividad en la PCR; clínicamente hacia la mejoría, en recién nacidos prematuros con riesgo de sepsis.
Asunto(s)
Proteína C-Reactiva , Calostro , Edad Gestacional , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Inflamación , Orofaringe , Humanos , Calostro/inmunología , Recién Nacido , Femenino , Masculino , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Sepsis , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo PesoRESUMEN
Guitarfishes and sawfishes are included in the order Rhinopristiformes, which currently encompasses five families: Pristidae, Rhinobatidae, Trygonorrhinidae, Rhinidae and Glaucostegidae. Considering the low number of studies focused on oral structures in Rhinopristiformes and the need to better understand their internal morphology, this study aimed to (1) evaluate and describe the morphological variation of the oropharyngeal denticles of guitarfishes and sawfish; (2) evaluate and describe the ontogenetic and sexual variation of the oropharyngeal denticles of Zapteryx brevirostris; (3) propose characters potentially useful for taxonomic and systematic purposes and (4) discuss the possible functions and advantages of these structures. Tissue samples were taken from the oropharyngeal region of specimens preserved in 70% alcohol and then prepared for visualization in scanning electron microscopy. A new method for sampling the pharynx region is proposed herein. Considerable morphological variation between families and genera was observed. However, no variation between conspecifics was found. Regional variations of denticles when examining a single individual were observed in shape, ornamentation, and orientation. In Zapteryx brevirostris, males had a significantly higher density of denticles in the ventral region than females and lower densities were observed in juveniles. The four characters discussed here are based on the presence of keels, number of cusps, distal end elongation and width/length ratio of the oropharyngeal denticles. Among the possible functions and advantages of these structures are the improvement of food adherence, tissue protection against food abrasion and parasitism, and attenuation of hydrodynamic drag in the oropharyngeal cavity during food ingestion.
Asunto(s)
Orofaringe , Animales , Orofaringe/anatomía & histología , Orofaringe/fisiología , Masculino , Femenino , Microscopía Electrónica de RastreoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the nasopharynx and oropharynx airway dimensions of Caucasians, Blacks, Japanese, Japanese Brazilians, and Black Caucasians. METHODS: A sample of 216 lateral radiographs of untreated young Brazilian subjects (mean age of 12.94 years; SD 0.88) were divided into five groups: Black Caucasian, Black, Caucasian, Japanese, and Japanese Brazilian. Lateral radiographs were used to measure the oropharynx (from the midpoint on the soft palate to the closest point on the anterior pharyngeal wall) and the nasopharynx (from the intersection of the posterior border of the tongue and the inferior border of the mandible to the closest point on the posterior pharyngeal wall). Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were performed (p< 0.05). RESULTS: The linear dimension of the oropharynx was similar among the different ethnic groups. Caucasian individuals presented a significantly greater linear dimension of the nasopharynx than Black Caucasian and Black individuals. CONCLUSIONS: All the groups had similar buccopharyngeal values. However, Caucasian individuals had significantly higher values when compared to Black Caucasians and Black individuals.
Asunto(s)
Pueblo Asiatico , Población Negra , Cefalometría , Mandíbula , Nasofaringe , Orofaringe , Población Blanca , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Brasil/etnología , Oclusión Dental , Etnicidad , Japón/etnología , Mandíbula/anatomía & histología , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagen , Nasofaringe/anatomía & histología , Nasofaringe/diagnóstico por imagen , Orofaringe/anatomía & histología , Orofaringe/diagnóstico por imagen , Paladar Blando/anatomía & histología , Paladar Blando/diagnóstico por imagen , Lengua/anatomía & histología , Lengua/diagnóstico por imagen , Grupos RacialesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a commensal pathogen that usually colonizes the upper respiratory tract of children. Likewise, Spn colonization has been considered a critical factor in the development of pneumococcal invasive disease. However, Spn prevalence in adults remains unclear. This study performs a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the prevalence of Spn Nasopharynx - Oropharynx Colonization (NOC) in adults. METHODS: A Systematic review of scientific databases was utilized to identify eligible studies that follow strict selection criteria. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was conducted to establish NOC prevalence in adults (≥18 years old). The heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses were assessed using the microorganism identification technique, sample type, and age subgroups. RESULTS: Initial selection includes 69 studies, with 37 selected for the meta-analysis, involving 23,724 individuals. The overall prevalence (95 % CI) of Spn NOC among adults was 6 % (5-9). The subgroup analysis revealed that young adults (YA), 18-64 years old, had a prevalence of 10 %, whereas older adults (OA), ≥65 years old, had a prevalence of 2 %. The identification of Spn NOC may vary depending on the method of diagnosis used. High heterogeneity (I2 > 90 %) was observed but diminished to 70 % when the analysis was restricted to oropharyngeal swabs as an identification method. Furthermore, heterogeneity decreased to 58 % when exclusively employing traditional culture as the identification method. CONCLUSIONS: This study found a low prevalence of Spn NOC in adults. Notably, the prevalence of Spn NOC was higher in younger adults than in older adults. It is essential to highlight a significant heterogeneity among studies, which indicates there is no standardized method of Spn NOC identification.
Asunto(s)
Portador Sano , Nasofaringe , Orofaringe , Infecciones Neumocócicas , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Humanos , Nasofaringe/microbiología , Orofaringe/microbiología , Streptococcus pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Neumocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/prevención & control , Adulto , Prevalencia , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Anciano , AdolescenteAsunto(s)
Enterocolitis Necrotizante , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Lactante , Femenino , Embarazo , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Calostro , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Orofaringe , Leche HumanaRESUMEN
A inovação das ressecções robóticas transorais permitiram o acesso a regiões da orofaringe cujas incisões convencionais tinham maior morbidade, reservando o acesso cervical para os casos com indicação de esvaziamento cervical. O estudo da linfangiogênese dos tumores de orofaringe se faz essencial, com vistas a individualização do tratamento do pescoço destes pacientes. Para tanto, foram analisados 156 prontuários de pacientes submetidos à orofaringectomia por via transoral robótica para o tratamento de carcinoma escamoso no período de 2012 a 2020 no Instituto Nacional de Câncer. A incidência de acometimento do nível IIA neste estudo foi de 39% (n=61) e III de 19,2% (n=30). O nível IIB estava majoritariamente associado ao acometimento do nível IIA. O baixo acometimento dos níveis cervicais IA, IB e V demonstra que ressecção profilática destes não apresentou benefícios associado à elevada morbidade. O conhecimento do padrão de disseminação linfonodal do câncer de orofaringe pode determinar a melhor abordagem cirúrgica do pescoço
The innovation of transoral robotic resections allowed access to regions of the oropharynx where conventional incisions had greater morbidity, reserving cervical access for cases requiring neck dissection. The study of lymphangiogenesis of oropharyngeal tumors is essential, with a view to individualizing the treatment of the neck of these patients. To this end, 156 medical records of patients who underwent robotic transoral oropharyngectomy for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma from 2012 to 2020 at the National Cancer Institute were analyzed. The incidence of level IIA involvement in this study was 39% (n=61) and III was 19.8% (n=31). Level IIB was mostly associated with level IIA involvement. The low involvement of cervical levels IA, IB and V demonstrates that prophylactic resection of these did not provide benefits associated with high morbidity. Knowledge of the lymph node spread pattern of oropharyngeal cancer can determine the best surgical approach to the neck
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Orofaringe , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Linfangiogénesis , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Escisión del Ganglio LinfáticoRESUMEN
Introdução: Os carcinomas de glândulas salivares menores são tumores de comportamento muito heterógeno, englobam diversos tipos histológicos cujo tratamento deve ser diferenciado. Estudos demonstram a incidência e sítios principais destes carcinomas porem a definição dos fatores de pior prognostico para o planejamento terapêutico deve ser estabelecido. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 451 pacientes com diagnostico histopatológico de tumor de glândulas salivares menores de cavidade oral e orofaringe no período de 1995-2015. Realizada coleta de dados histopatológicos, clínicos, tratamento e qualidade de vida. Resultados: Dos pacientes estudados, 408 (90%) apresentaram tumores malignos, 153 (40%) sexo masculino e 226 (60%) sexo feminino, faixa etária mediana de 53 anos. Sitios mais comuns foram o palato ósseo seguido por base de língua e mucosa jugal. Os três principais tipos histológicos se mantiveram como Adenocarcinoma (32%), Carcinoma mucoepidermoide (30%) e Carcinoma Adenoide Cistico (30%). Em torno de 6,8% dos casos foram diagnosticados com acometimento linfonodal e 7,1% com metástases a distância sendo o pulmão o principal sítio. A sobrevida global em 5 anos foi maior no Carcinoma mucoepidermoide (55,2%) e a menor no Carcinoma Adenoide Cistico (42,27%), deve ser considerado que a grande maioria dos diagnósticos (58%) foram realizados em estagio avançado T3 e T4. A sobrevida livre de doença nos pacientes tratados cirurgicamente associados a RT adjuvante ou não foi muito superior ao tratamento com quimioterapia e radioterapia associadas. A taxa de recidiva foi de 14%, Carcinoma adenoide cístico teve a maior taxa de recidiva local. Conclusão: Através deste estudo pudemos oberservar que os fatores que contribuem para pior desfecho prognóstico do tratamento dos tumores de glândulas salivares são o tipo histológico Carcinoma Adenóide Cístico, tumores avançados T3 e T4, presença de mestástase linfonodal e à distância, além do tratamento não cirúrgico
Introduction: Minor salivary gland carcinomas are tumors with a very heterogeneous behavior, encompassing several histological types whose treatment must be differentiated. Studies demonstrate the incidence and main sites of these carcinomas, but the definition of the worst prognostic factors for therapeutic planning must be established. Methods: Retrospective study of 451 patients with histopathological diagnosis of minor salivary gland tumor of the oral cavity and oropharynx in the period 1995-2015. Histopathological, clinical, treatment and quality of life data were collected. Results: Of the patients studied, 408 (90%) had malignant alterations, 153 (40%) male and 226 (60%) female, median age of 53 years. Most common sites were the bony palate followed by the base of the tongue and buccal mucosa. The three main histological types remained as Adenocarcinoma (32%), Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (30%) and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (30%). In about 6.8% of the cases, lymph nodes were affected and 7.1% had distant metastases, with the lung being the main site. Overall survival at 5 years was highest in Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (55.2%) and lowest in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (42.27%), it must be considered that the vast majority of diagnoses (58%) were performed in advanced stage T3 and T4. Diseasefree survival in patients treated surgically associated with adjuvant or not RT was much superior to treatment with associated chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The recurrence rate was 14%, adenoid cystic carcinoma had the highest local recurrence rate. Conclusion: Through this study we were able to observe that the factors that contribute to a worse prognostic outcome of the treatment of salivary gland: Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma, advanced T3 and T4 tumors, presence of lymph node and distant metastasis, in addition to non-surgical treatment
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Orofaringe , Glándulas Salivales Menores , Epidemiología , BocaAsunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de los Labios , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Humanos , Pronóstico , Labio/patología , Orofaringe/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/patología , Neoplasias de los Labios/patologíaRESUMEN
Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy on the length of hospital stay in preterm newborns with very low birth weight. Methods: interventional ambispective study, which consisted of eight daily administrations of 0.2 ml (four drops) of colostrum, totaling up to 56 syringes (for up to seven days). The control was historic. The main independent variable: length of hospital stay (days). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier Method and the survival effect was estimated - Log Rank Test (Mantel-Cox) and Breslow Test (Generalized Wilcoxon). A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: of the 109 mother/child pairs, 56 were part of the treatment and 53 were part of the control group. There was no association between oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy and length of stay for preterm newborns with very low birth weight in the general sample. However, after stratification, a shorter hospital stay (42 versus 51 days, HR= 1.78, CI95%=1.02-3.09, p=0.04) was demonstrated among premature infants with ≥28 gestational weeks undergoing oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy. Conclusions: we found an association between oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy and shorter median length of hospital stay in the subgroup of premature infants ≥ 28 weeks of gestational age, but we did not find significant differences in those <28 weeks.
Resumo Objetivos: avaliar o efeito da imunoterapia orofaríngea de colostro no tempo de internamento hospitalar de recém-nascidos pré-termos de muito baixo peso. Métodos: estudo de intervenção, ambispectivo, que consistiu em oito administrações diárias de 0,2 ml (quatro gotas) de colostro, totalizando até 56 seringas (por até sete dias). O controle foi histórico. A variável independente principal: tempo de permanência hospitalar (dias). Realizada análise de sobrevivência pelo Método de Kaplan-Meier e estimado o efeito da sobrevida - Teste de Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) e Teste de Breslow (Wilcoxon Generalizado). Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: das 109 duplas mães/filho, 56 fizeram parte da análise do grupo tratamento e 53 do controle. Não houve associação entre imunoterapia orofaríngea de colostro e tempo de internamento de recém-nascidos pré-termos de muito baixo peso na amostra geral. Após estratificação demonstrou-se menor tempo de permanência hospitalar (43 versus 51 dias, HR=1,78, IC95%= 1,02-3,09, p=0,04) entre os prematuros com ≥28 semanas gestacionais submetidos a imunoterapia orofaríngea de colostro. Conclusões: encontrou-se associação entre imunoterapia orofaríngea de colostro e menor mediana de tempo de internamento hospitalar no subgrupo de prematuros ≥ 28 semanas de idade gestacional, porém não foram encontradas diferenças significativas naqueles < 28 semanas.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Recién Nacido , Orofaringe , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Calostro , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Inmunoterapia , Tiempo de InternaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of colostrum therapy on days to start a suckling diet in newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial with newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis at a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro who were randomized to receive oropharyngeal administration of 0.2mL of colostrum or a "sham procedure" during the first 3 days of life. The analysis included clinical outcomes such as days without food, days with parenteral feeding, days until the start of enteral feeding, days to reach complete enteral feeding, sepsis and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The onset of oral feeding (suction) in patients with simple gastroschisis in both groups occurred at a median of 15 days. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that there were no significant differences in the use of colostrum therapy and the number of days to the start of enteral feeding and suction diet between groups of newborns with simple gastroschisis.
Asunto(s)
Gastrosquisis , Sepsis , Embarazo , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Gastrosquisis/terapia , Calostro , Brasil , OrofaringeRESUMEN
Using a metagenomic sequencing approach, we described and compared the diversity and dynamics of the oropharyngeal and fecal eukaryotic virome of nine asymptomatic children in a semi-rural community setting located in the State of Morelos, Mexico. Ninety oropharyngeal swabs and 97 fecal samples were collected starting 2 weeks after birth and monthly thereafter until 12 months of age. In both niches, more than 95% of the total sequence reads were represented by viruses that replicate either in humans or in plants. Regarding human viruses, three families were most abundant and frequent in the oropharynx: Herpesviridae, Picornaviridae, and Reoviridae; in fecal samples, four virus families predominated: Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, and Anelloviridae. Both niches showed a high abundance of plant viruses of the family Virgaviridae. Differences in the frequency and abundance of sequence reads and diversity of virus species were observed in both niches and throughout the year of study, with some viruses already present in the first months of life. Our results suggest that the children's virome is dynamic and likely shaped by the environment, feeding, and age. Moreover, composition analysis suggests that the virome composition is mostly individual. Whether this constant exposition to different viruses has a long-term impact on children's health or development remains to be studied.
Asunto(s)
Herpesviridae , Picornaviridae , Niño , Humanos , Lactante , Eucariontes , Viroma , Heces , Orofaringe , Metagenómica/métodosRESUMEN
Head and neck cancer (HNC) significantly impacts nutritional status because the tumor limits swallowing function. In this sense, it is important to monitor the nutritional status throughout the life of any individual. A multicenter case-control study was carried out to analyze the BMI at 30 years of age, two years before diagnosis and at the time of diagnosis of individuals with oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx cancers. It was observed that a 5% reduction in BMI during the two years before enrollment was associated with an increased risk of the oral cavity (OR = 3.73), oropharyngeal OR = 5.25), and laryngeal (OR = 5.22). Reduced BMI of more than 5% over two years before diagnosis was associated with HNC. Weight loss remained significant at diagnosis, but it is not possible to exclude reverse causality since most cases are at an advanced stage. BMI monitoring of individuals at potential risk for HNC can promote early diagnosis and nutritional interventions for HNC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Laringe , Humanos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Brasil/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/etiología , Boca , OrofaringeRESUMEN
El síndrome de Eagle o síndrome estilohioideo o sín-drome de la arteria carótida es un trastorno que se origina por la mineralización y elongación del pro-ceso estiloides. Factores traumáticos agudos y cró-nicos, así como otras teorías, han sido propuestos para explicar la etiología y patogenia de esta altera-ción. El conjunto de síntomas puede incluir: dolor fa-ríngeo, odinofagia, disfagia, cefalea, con irradiación a oreja y zona cervical. Si bien existen varias clasifi-caciones, de manera universal se acepta que existen principalmente dos formas de presentación de esta patología: el tipo I o clásico, generalmente asociado a un trauma faríngeo y acompañado de dolor en la zona faríngea y cervical, y el tipo II o carotídeo, que sue-le presentar molestia cervical, cefalea y alteración de la presión arterial, con riesgo de daño de la ac-tividad cardíaca. La identificación de este síndrome suele ser confusa dada la similitud de los síntomas con otras afecciones. El diagnóstico debe realizarse en base a los síntomas y a los estudios por imágenes específicos. El tratamiento puede ser conservador y actuar simplemente sobre los síntomas, o bien, qui-rúrgico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión actualizada de la literatura sobre el sín-drome de Eagle y presentar tres casos clínicos con distintas manifestaciones (AU)
Eagle's syndrome or styloid syndrome or stylo-carotid artery syndrome is a disease caused by mineralization and elongation of the styloid process. Acute and chronic traumatic factors, along with other hypothesis, have been proposed to explain the aetiology and pathogenesis of this condition. Symptoms can include: pharynx pain, odynophagia, dysphagia, headache, with radiating pain to the ear and neck. Despite there are several classifications, it is universally accepted that this pathology can present in two forms: the type I or classic, generally associated to tonsillar trauma and characterized by pharyngeal and neck pain, and the type II or carotid artery type, which frequently presents with neck pain, headache, blood pressure variation, with risk of damage to cardiac function. Identifying of Eagle's syndrome is often confusing because some symptoms are shared with other pathologies. Diagnosis must be made on the basis of symptoms and imaging studies. Treatment can be conservative, acting only on symptoms, or surgical. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated review of the literature on Eagle syndrome and to present three clinical cases with different manifestations (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Faringe/fisiopatología , Síndrome , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Nervio Glosofaríngeo/fisiopatología , Hueso Hioides/fisiopatología , Orofaringe/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Cervicales/fisiopatología , Neuralgia Facial/fisiopatología , Hueso Hioides/diagnóstico por imagen , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
O papiloma vírus humano (HPV) é classificado como uma doença sexualmente transmissível, sendo esse vírus de DNA de fita dupla associado convencionalmente ao câncer de colo de útero, entretanto, em estudos mais recentes esse vírus também foi associado ao carcinoma de células escamosas de orofaringe (CCEO). Nesse sentido, essa re-visão sistemática tem como objetivo mostrar a relação entre o HPV e o CCEO. Dessa forma, foram utilizadas as bases de dados PubMed, The Cochrane Library, BioOne, Lilacs e Scielo com artigos publicados no período entre janeiro de 2010 e junho de 2020 com publicações nos idiomas: português, espanhol e inglês, respeitando os cri-térios de inclusão e exclusão. Foram considerados elegíveis 11 artigos que apresentaram a relação com a infecção de orofaringe e com o HPV. Apesar do alto número de artigos encontrados pela busca da relação com o HPV com neoplasias em diferentes regiões do corpo, foi possível compreender a relação presente entre o CCEO e a infecção causada pelo HPV através de um modelo de estratificação PRISMA. Assim, foi demonstrado, além da presença dessa relação, a necessidade de métodos diagnósticos mais rápidos, acessíveis e eficazes para apresentação correta entre patologia e fator etiológico. (AU)
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is classified as a sexually transmitted disease, in which this double-stranded DNA virus is often associated with cervical cancer. However, in more recent studies, this virus has also been associated with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Therefore, this systematic review aims to show the relationship between HPV and CCEO. Thus, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Bioone, Lilacs and Scielo databases were used with articles published between January 2010 and June 2020 encompassing publications in Portuguese, Spanish and English, respecting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of eleven articles that presented a relationship with oropharyngeal infection and HPV were considered eligible. Despite the high number of articles found by the search for the association between HPV and neoplasms in different regions of the body, it was possible to understand the association between CCEO and the infection caused by HPV, through a PRISMA stratification model. Thus, it was demonstrated, in addition to the presence of this association, the need for faster, more accessible and effective diagnostic methods for the correct presentation of pathology and etiological factor. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Orofaringe , Neoplasias de la Boca , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , PapillomaviridaeRESUMEN
Cette fiche d’information examine cinq faits importants sur la consommation d’alcool et ses implications pour le développement du cancer. Les faits concernent : les types de cancer que la consommation d’alcool peut causer; comment ces cancers peuvent être différents pour les hommes et les femmes; le niveau de consommation d’alcool et le degré de risque; comment une combinaison d’alcool et de tabac exacerbe les risques; et comment les cancers dus à l’alcool peuvent être évités, également à l’aide de réglementations.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades no Transmisibles , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Bebidas Alcohólicas , Neoplasias , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Laringe , Neoplasias de la Mama , Orofaringe , Neoplasias del Colon , Neoplasias ColorrectalesAsunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos Locales , COVID-19 , Humanos , Antisépticos Bucales , Nasofaringe , Orofaringe , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL, NOS) is the most frequent non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype. This aggressive neoplasm may variably express the CD30 protein, which may be used as a therapeutic target for this tumor. However, CD30 expression in DLBCL NOS arising from the oral cavity and the oropharynx has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of CD30 expression and its prognostic significance for patients affected by oral/oropharyngeal DLBCL NOS. Fifty cases were retrieved from pathology files and submitted to immunohistochemistry against CD30. Reactivity was accessed by two oral pathologists using two cut-off values (> 0% and > 20% of tumor cells) to determine positivity in each case. Clinical data were obtained from the patients' medical files to investigate the prognostic potential of the protein. Seven high-grade B cell lymphomas and two EBV-positive DLBCL NOS were identified. We found one CD30-positive case in each of these two groups of lymphomas. Among the remaining 41 DLBCL NOS, other four cases (three in the oral cavity and one in the oropharynx) were positive for CD30, but only two expressed the protein in > 20% of tumor cells, both in the oral cavity. Survival analysis demonstrated that CD30-positive cases had a higher five-year overall survival rate (75%) than CD30-negative cases (32.3%), although a statistically significant result was not achieved (p = 0.19). Only a minor subset of oral and oropharyngeal DLBCL NOS express CD30 and these patients seems to have a higher survival rate.
Asunto(s)
Antígeno Ki-1 , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Antígeno Ki-1/análisis , Antígeno Ki-1/uso terapéutico , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/patología , Orofaringe/química , Orofaringe/patología , PronósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of an epidemiological screening questionnaire for oropharyngeal dysphagia in older people. BACKGROUND: Determining the cut-off point and the accuracy of the self-reported epidemiological questionnaire for screening oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults is important for mass screening, which may estimate the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional diagnostic study with a convenience sample of 70 older adults over 60 years of age of both sexes, aged between 60 and 90 years (mean age 69.2; SD, 7.6). It used a screening questionnaire with nine ordered items response options resulted in a score ranging from 0 to 18. The criterion test was the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, with analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: Oropharyngeal dysphagia frequency by the criterion test was 73%, with no significant difference between age and sex. The area under the ROC curve was 0.88 (95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.98) above the cut-off point 3. This screening questionnaire showed good parameters of sensitivity (80%), specificity (89%), positive predictive value (95%), negative predictive value (63%), positive likelihood ratio (7.64), negative likelihood ratio (0.22) and accuracy (83%). CONCLUSIONS: This questionnaire may be a satisfactory screening tool for estimating the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Deglución , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Trastornos de Deglución/diagnóstico , Trastornos de Deglución/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Deglución/fisiología , Orofaringe , Tamizaje MasivoRESUMEN
Os linfomas representam um grupo importante, complexo e heterogêneo de distúrbios proliferativos malignos originados a partir das células do tecido linfoide. Os linfomas de células T/NK maduras representam 12,7% a 26,2% dos linfomas não-Hodgkin, são condições relativamente raras, e a incidência da maioria das neoplasias aumenta com a idade. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo é avaliar as características clinicopatológicas e imunoistoquímicas de uma série de linfomas de células T/NK maduras que acometem as regiões oral e maxilofacial e fornecer uma revisão atualizada da literatura sobre as bases biológicas desse grupo de doenças malignas. Casos diagnosticados como linfomas maduros de células T/NK afetando a região oral e maxilofacial foram recuperados retrospectivamente de seis centros de patologia oral e maxilofacial, e seus diagnósticos foram confirmados por meio de lâminas coradas com hematoxilina e eosina, reações imuno-histoquímicas e hibridização in situ para detecção do vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV). Um total de 22 casos foram incluídos neste estudo. Onze (50%) consistiam em linfomas extranodais de células T/NK, tipo nasal; oito (36,4%) eram linfomas periféricos de células T, sem outra especificação; dois (9,1%) eram leucemia/linfomas de células T, tipo adulto e um (4,5%) era um linfoma anaplásico de grandes células ALK-positivo. No geral, houve predomínio do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 55 anos. O palato foi o local mais acometido (50%), e os tumores geralmente se apresentavam como úlceras destrutivas e dolorosas. O EBV estava presente em todos os casos de linfoma de células T/NK extranodal tipo nasal, mas estava ausente nos outros subtipos.
Lymphomas represent an important, complex, and heterogeneous group of malignant proliferative disorders arising from lymphoid tissue cells. Mature T/NK cell lymphomas represent 12.7% to 26.2% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, are relatively rare conditions, and the incidence of most neoplasms increases with age. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a series of mature T/NK cell lymphomas that affect the oral and maxillofacial regions and to provide an updated review of the literature on the biological basis of this group of malignancies. Cases diagnosed as mature T/NK cell lymphomas affecting the oral and maxillofacial region were retrospectively retrieved from six oral and maxillofacial pathology centers, and their diagnoses were confirmed by hematoxylin-and-eosinstained slides, immunohistochemical reactions, and in situ hybridization for detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A total of 22 cases were included in this study. Eleven (50%) consisted of extranodal T/NK cell lymphomas, nasal type; eight (36.4%) were peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified; two (9.1%) were T-cell leukemia/lymphomas, adult type and one (4.5%) was an ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Overall, there was a predominance of males, with a mean age of 55 years. The palate was the most affected site (50%), and the tumors usually presented as destructive and painful ulcers. EBV was present in all cases of nasal type extranodal T/NK cell lymphoma but was absent in the other subtypes.