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El Equipo de Psicopedagogía del Área Programática del Hospital Vélez Sarsfield, implementa desde el año 1998 procesos de Orientación Vocacional Ocupacional (OVO) en el marco de la Atención Primaria de la Salud (APS), la cual tiene como objetivo generar la participación, autogestión y responsabilidad en el cuidado de la salud de la población en general. El proceso de OVO busca que los/as estudiantes sean protagonistas de su elección, pudiendo llegar a tomar decisiones autónomas y significativas respecto a su futuro y, de esta manera, optimizar así su calidad de vida. Particularmente en este contexto de pandemia por Covid19, se decidió re-pensar de qué modo continuar con la oferta de esta actividad a pesar del impedimento de llevarlos a cabo de forma presencial; se consideró necesario mantener estos espacios donde se pudiera acompañar a los/as adolescentes ante la incertidumbre de la elección de una carrera o trabajo. Por tal motivo, se pensó en la idea de diseñar y llevar a cabo un Taller de OVO de forma virtual y acotado en cantidad de encuentros. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las percepciones de los/as adolescentes que iniciaron y culminaron el Taller de Orientación Vocacional Ocupacional, realizado de manera virtual en el periodo de octubre a diciembre de 2020, en relación al dispositivo de Orientación Vocacional Ocupacional. (AU)

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Importance: Women in academic medicine continue to face systemic obstacles on their paths to leadership. In addition to improving recruitment and advancement opportunities, academic medical centers must facilitate a cultural shift that ensures sustained leadership pathways for women. Objective: To better understand, from the perspective of women leaders, the workplace and cultural changes that need to take place in academic medicine to increase inclusivity and gender equity. Design, Setting, and Participants: This qualitative study of 40 women physicians and administrators with senior leadership roles at Mayo Clinic, a nonprofit academic medical center and research institution with campuses in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota, examined participants' responses to a question regarding their paths to leadership. Replies were submitted between November and December 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures: Women were asked to describe career advice (positive or negative) they had received that was the hardest to accept but, in retrospect, turned out to be valuable. Results: Of 40 participants, 25 (63%) were physicians and 15 (37%) were administrators at Mayo Clinic; 27 (68%) had achieved the role of chair or the administrative equivalent. Career experience ranged from 6 to 40 years. Of the 40 women leaders queried, 38 (95%) provided written responses, which were separated into the 4 following categories: leadership styles are perceived as having gendered qualities, attaining leadership skills involves a strategic learning process, collisions between personal life and the workplace should not deter individuals from pursuing leadership roles, and leadership pathways for women involved hurdles. These categories represented a roadmap illuminating perceptions about the academic medical workplace. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings link generalizable principles to help to drive new strategies for gender parity. Shifting the culture of academic medicine begins with fully understanding impediments to women's advancement. The advice women leaders recounted offered a roadmap as well as a glimpse of the extra effort required for women to succeed amid some of the system's limitations and obstacles. A more complete understanding of gender biases may help to shape future programs to expand inclusivity and establish sustained leadership paths for women.

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OBJETIVO: explorar la relación entre los aspectos de la formación universitaria y la elección de la especialidad de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria (EFyC). MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo transversal a enfermeros internos residentes (EIR) y especialistas que realizan o realizaron formación especializada de EFyC en Cataluña. Cuestionario adhoc online. Análisis estadístico: para variables categóricas, frecuencia absoluta y relativa; y para variables numéricas, promedio y desviación estándar. Comparación de variables: test exacto de Fisher, test de Wilcoxon o U de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: 55 participantes, 90,9% mujeres, con promedio de 26,7 años, 54,6% residentes y 45,4% especialistas, el 56,3% diplomados. Duración de prácticas en Atención Primaria (AP) y Comunitaria superior a dos meses: 66,7% en grado; 58,1% en diplomatura. Factores asociados a la elección de la especialidad: 45,4% con el número EIR, y el 30,9% consideró que hay alguna razón asociada a prácticas en AP y Comunitaria. El promedio de nota en satisfacción con la formación universitaria fue de 6,9 en prácticas y 5,9 en formación teórica. El 63,6% eligió esta especialidad como primera opción, considerando el número EIR y la motivación personal como prioritarias y asociándose con una mayor satisfacción con las prácticas (p= 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: existe relación entre priorización de la especialidad con promociones más recientes y EIR/especialistas que efectuaron las prácticas por un periodo superior a un mes. No se detectó asociación entre priorización de la especialidad con satisfacción de la formación teórica, pero sí en la práctica. Sí existe relación con la motivación y el número EIR en la elección de la especialidad. Se concluye que es importante la formación universitaria en la elección de la especialidad de EFyC

OBJECTIVE: to explore the association between university education aspects and the choice of the Family and Community Nursing specialty. METHOD: a descriptive transversal study with resident nurse interns and specialists that are conducting or have conducted specialized training on Family and Community Nursing in Catalonia. An ad hoc online questionnaire was used. There was a statistical analysis for categorical variables, absolute and relative frequency, and for numeric variables, average and standard deviation. Comparison of variables through Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon's test, or Mann-Whitney's U Test. RESULTS: there were 55 participants, 90.9% were women, with an average age of 26.7 years: 54.6% were residents and 45.4% were specialist, and 56.3% of them had their degree. The length of practice in Primary Care (PC) and Community Care was over two months: 66.7% at qualification, 58.1% at graduation. Factors associated with the choice of specialty: 45.4% with the resident nurse intern numbers, and 30.9% considered that there was no reason associated with practices in PC and Community Care. The average score in Satisfaction with University Training was 6.9% for practices and 5.9% for theoretical training. Of this sample, 63.6% selected this specialty as their first option, considering the resident nurse intern number and personal motivation as their priority, and associated with a higher satisfaction with practices (p= 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: there is an association between specialty prioritization and the most recent graduate classes and resident nurse interns/specialists who conducted practices for a period longer than one month. No association was detected between specialty prioritization and satisfaction with theoretical training, but there was an association in practice. There was an association with motivation and resident nurse intern number in specialty selection. The conclusion is that university education is important in terms of the choice of the Family and Community Nursing specialty

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Ateneo del equipo de residentes de Psicopedagogía del Hospital D. Vélez Sarsfield de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Ante la disminución en las demandas de adolescentes por un proceso de Orientación Vocacional Ocupacional, surgieron interrogantes como eje de este trabajo: ¿Por qué son cada vez menos los adolescentes que se acercan al Área Programática del hospital en busca de un proceso de Orientación Vocacional Ocupacional? ¿Cuánta influencia tiene el contexto, los pares y la familia a la hora de elegir una vocación / ocupación? ¿Cuál es el rol de la escuela? ¿Guarda todo esto alguna relación con los tiempos actuales? ¿De qué manera? Incluye bibliografía y los anexos: Compendio de técnicas para Orientación Vocacional, y Encuestas realizadas a jóvenes que se encuentran finalizado o ya han finalizado la escuela secundaria.

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The rapid growth of the elderly population and the progress in surgical techniques in Japan have led to increased numbers of patients who undergo surgery. Anesthetics are essential for surgery. A survey conducted by the Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists showed that, during the past 10 years, the proportion of females among all the members has increased from 27 to 35 %, and the proportion of female councilors has risen from 3.9 to 6.7 %. However, the conditions of full-time employment remain inadequate for female physicians. Therefore, many female physicians in their 30s or older do not work as anesthesiologists. To support female anesthesiologists and their vital roles in surgical diagnosis and treatment, return-to-work assistance programs have been developed. It is also necessary to improve the working conditions for female anesthesiologists to allow them to continue their work, and to provide education for young female physicians to enhance their professional pride.

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The present research focused on gender differences in career preferences, comparing those in 2010 with those in 1990 (as reported by Gati, Osipow, & Givon, 1995). The tested hypothesis was that gender differences in aspect-based career preferences (e.g., income, teamwork, professional advancement, length of training) would have decreased over the past 20 years. The career preferences of 21,767 young adult women and 15,532 men-who used an Internet-based career guidance system in 2010 to assist them in making a career decision-were analyzed and compared with the respective preferences of 1,252 young adult women and 751 young adult men who used a previous version of the system in 1990. As hypothesized, gender differences were attenuated in most aspects (e.g., professional advancement, management); however, these differences increased in a few aspects (e.g., community service and counseling are increasingly preferred by women). The findings and their implications are discussed.

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Decidir por cuál carrera universitaria optar es, sin dudas, una elección difícil. Esta situación genera miedo al fracaso, a la decepción propia y ajena, sentimiento muchas veces habitual en el joven preuniversitario, que se convierte en fuente de ansiedad y estrés. Esto demuestra la necesidad de una adecuada orientación vocacional y profesional. En Cuba esta temática va tomando gran importancia, ya que un mayor número de jóvenes tienen la posibilidad de optar por mayor cantidad de profesiones, por lo que la decisión sobre una u otra constituye un problema de gran repercusión práctica y social. La orientación y formación vocacional en el contexto educativo cubano tiene como fin reafirmar la inclinación de los jóvenes interesados hacia la carrera de Medicina, donde se desarrollen íntegramente sus potencialidades, sobre la consolidación de los valores y sentimientos y con un elevado compromiso social, moral e incondicional hacia el ejercicio de la profesión. En este trabajo se abordan los diferentes aspectos que influyen actualmente en la orientación vocacional y el papel de cada uno de los protagonistas del proceso en sí(AU)

Deciding on a university degree is undoubtedly a difficult choice. This situation brings about fear of failing and disappointing yourself and others, which is a common feeling among high school students, becoming a source of anxiety and stress. This demonstrates the need for an appropriate vocational and professional guidance. In Cuba, this subject is gaining importance, since a greater number of youngsters have the opportunity to choose from more professions; thus, deciding on one or the other is a problem of great practical and social impact. Vocational guidance and training in the Cuban educational context aims to reaffirm the inclination of youth towards medical studies, where they fully develop their potential, on the basis of consolidating values and feelings, and a high social, moral and unconditional commitment to the practice of the profession. This paper presents various issues that currently affect vocational guidance and the role of each of the major participants in the process itself(AU)

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The Cavendish review into HCAs and support workers highlighted the contribution such staff make to patient care, and called for them to be supported with improved training, career opportunities and status. This article shows how some enlightened employers are leading the way in developing their HCA workforce.

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The authors used the hermeneutics approach within social cognitive career theory to explore employment trends and issues over the past 20 years relevant to Hispanic women who are deaf. Barriers to employment were discovered including discrepancies due to gender, race/ethnicity, and severity of hearing loss. Recommendations for policymakers and professionals suggest a need for research that addresses the unique experiences of Hispanic women who are deaf within vocational rehabilitation, the use of social cognitive career theory as it relates to career development and choices, and an increase in education and training to better prepare vocational rehabilitation counselors to work with individuals from multiple minority backgrounds. While information about Hispanic women who are deaf is limited, this review provides a better understanding of Hispanic deaf women and encourages expansion of knowledge in practice and research for professionals working with this unique population.

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En los últimos años se vienen desarrollando diversos modelos explicativos que tratan de analizar el valor predictivo de distintos factores en relación al rendimiento escolar, así como los efectos directos e indirectos que se producen entre ellos. Nuestro objetivo es contrastar un modelo estructural que integra algunas variables de tipo cognitivo y motivacional que influyen en el rendimiento de los alumnos en las dos áreas instrumentales básicas de nuestro curriculo: Lengua Española y Matemáticas. Entre estas variables incluimos las aptitudes diferenciales, el autoconcepto específico, las orientaciones de meta, el esfuerzo y las estrategias de aprendizaje. La muestra está compuesta por 341 alumnos españoles de primer curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Empleamos distintas pruebas y cuestionarios para la evaluación cada una de ellas y aplicamos SEM para contrastar las relaciones del modelo inicial. El modelo propuesto obtiene un ajuste satisfactorio en las dos áreas estudiadas, siendo significativas la totalidad de las relaciones hipotetizadas. La aptitud matemática y verbal es la variable con mayor poder explicativo sobre el rendimiento académico. También destaca la influencia directa del autoconcepto específico sobre el rendimiento, las orientaciones de meta y el esfuerzo, así como la capacidad mediadora del esfuerzo y de las estrategias de aprendizaje entre las metas académicas y el rendimiento final (AU)

In recent years, several explanatory models have been developed which attempt to analyse the predictive worth of various factors in relation to academic achievement, as well as the direct and indirect effects that they produce. The aim of this study was to examine a structural model incorporating various cognitive and motivational variables which influence student achievement in the two basic core skills in the Spanish curriculum: Spanish Language and Mathematics. These variables included differential aptitudes, specific self-concept, goal orientations, effort and learning strategies. The sample comprised 341 Spanish students in their first year of Compulsory Secondary Education. Various tests and questionnaires were used to assess each student, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to study the relationships in the initial model. The proposed model obtained a satisfactory fit for the two subjects studied, and all the relationships hypothesised were significant. The variable with the most explanatory power regarding academic achievement was mathematical and verbal aptitude. Also notable was the direct influence of specific self-concept on achievement, goal-orientation and effort, as was the mediatory effect that effort and learning strategies had between academic goals and final achievement (AU)

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Literature has shown that, nowadays, a multidimensional approach to decision-making has become prioritized. The Careers Factor Inventory (CFI) is, in fact, a multidimensional measurement instrument for evaluating career indecision, which may be useful in the diagnosis of adaptation behaviors in terms of career decision versus indecision. This study emerges as a follow-up to a previous study which used the CFI on a sample of university students in which this measurement instrument was found to be capable of distinguishing Low decided vs. Highly decided groups and to evaluate the discriminatory capacity of the CFI scales. It is the aim, here, to further analyse the results obtained in such study with a view to grounding the importance of the use of this Inventory as an instrument for distinguishing people who present different decision levels in relation to their careers. In this study, 494 university students from a number of higher education establishments and courses are part of the afore mentioned Low decided and Highly decided groups. The collected data were analysed by means of Discrete Discriminant Analysis models and corroborate the discriminant power of the Inventory and its use as a diagnostic instrument in the psychological intervention of career counseling and development (AU)

La literatura muestra que, en estos días, una aproximación multidimensional de la toma de decisiones se ha vuelto prioritaria. El Inventario de Factor de Carreras (Careers Factor Inventory; CFI) es, de hecho, un instrumento de medida multidimensional para evaluar la indecisión en la elección de carrera, lo que puede ser útil para el diagnóstico de conductas adaptativas en términos de decisión versus indecisión en la elección de carrera. Este estudio emerge como continuación de un estudio previo que utilizó el CFI en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios en la que éste instrumento de medida ha sido capaz de distinguir entre grupos de Baja decisión vs. Alta decisión, y para evaluar la capacidad discriminatoria de las medidas CFI. El objetivo aquí es continuar analizando los resultados obtenidos en ese estudio con vistas a determinar la importancia del uso de este Inventario como instrumento para distinguir a las personas que presenten diferentes niveles de decisión en relación a sus carreras. En este estudio, 494 estudiantes de diversos cursos de instituciones de educación superior son parte de los grupos ya mencionados Baja-decisión y Alta-decisión. Los datos recogidos fueron analizados mediante el modelo de Análisis Discriminante Discreto y corroboran el poder discriminante del Inventario y su uso como instrumento diagnóstico en la intervención y psicológico de la elección de carrera y la orientación vocacional (AU)

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Este estudio presenta el análisis de validez y fiabilidad de un cuestionario para el diagnóstico de las expectativas y prioridades de los jóvenes en relación al futuro laboral, que valora la importancia de distintos rasgos generales de un trabajo. Los resultados muestran una estructura final de ocho factores que se corresponden bien con la postulada teóricamente para el cuestionario; los datos de fiabilidad del cuestionario global y de las diferentes subescalas también son favorables. El análisis de las puntuaciones de las subescalas muestra que los aspectos relativos a la Autoactualización personal tienen la primacía, mientras la dimensión Manual es la menos importante

This study presents the validity and reliability analysis of a questionnaire that assesses the importance of some general job features, for the diagnosis of youths’ expectations and priorities concerning a future job. The results show an 8-factor structure with a very good fit to the theoretical structure of the questionnaire, and reliability for the entire questionnaire and for the factor sub-scales is also quite satisfactory. The analysis of the sub-scale scores reveals that youths’ most important factor is Self-actualization, whereas the Manual dimension is the least important one

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En el presente trabajo se analizan las distintas características que definen la decisión de estudiar Medicina. A través de una encuesta respondida por los estudiantes de segundo curso de Medicina se ha evaluado el momento de la decisión, los factores que han influido en la misma, los motivos por los que se ha elegido y el patrón de selección. Se presenta un análisis descriptivo de las variables indicadas y de la relación existente entre ellas, así como de la posible influencia del sexo en cada una. Entre los resultados obtenidos se observa que un gran porcentaje de estudiantes toman la decisión de estudiar Medicina antes que el resto de población preuniversitaria opta por la carrera a estudiar. Entre los estudiantes de Medicina, los que se deciden antes presentan diferencias significativas respecto a los factores de influencia, los motivos de la decisión y el patrón de selección. Por otro lado, se encuentra que los principales motivos por los que se elige esta carrera son los de tipo altruista y humanitario. Las mujeres presentan diferencias respecto a la especialidad que les gustaría hacer y en ellas los motivos instrumentales son significativamente inferiores respecto a los varones. En conclusión, los estudiantes de Medicina presentan un alto grado de vocación social, que se ha visto incluso reforzada por la masiva incorporación de la mujer a esta carrera (AU)

The present paper analyses the different factors that govern the decision to study Medicine. Second year medical students answered a questionnaire designed to analyze the moment when the decision was taken, the factors influencing this decision, their reasons for choosing Medicine and the pattern of selection. A descriptive analysis of the indicated variables and the relation between them was carried out, taking into account the possible influence of sex for all variables. The results obtained show that a high percentage of students that choose to study Medicine take their decision before the rest of the student population decides on what degree to study. Those students who decide earlier present significant differences in terms of the factors that influenced their decision and the pattern of selection. Moreover, it has been found that the principal reasons for choosing this degree are altruistic and humanitarian. Women show different results regarding the medical speciality that they would like to pursue and place significantly less importance on material factors than their male counterparts. In conclusion, medical students present a high degree of social vocation that has been reinforced by the substantial incorporation of women into this area of study (AU)

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