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This paper contributes to the literature on the professionalisation of NGOs in the context of the rise of 'business-minded' approaches whereby donors establish a market environment in which NGOs compete for funding by demonstrating their achievement of targets and implementing globally recognised management models. Theoretically, we use the distinction between 'economies of performance' and 'ecologies of practice' to explore how NGOs simultaneously 'perform' themselves publicly as meeting expected professional standards while simultaneously producing themselves practically through 'unprofessional' means. Limited global health and development literature addresses professionalisation as an empirical practice and experience. We report on an ethnography of a Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation-funded, HIV-targeted intervention NGO in western India, drawing on six months of participant observation and 17 interviews with NGO workers. The organisation meets 'business-minded' success criteria but does so through informal, personal, hierarchical arrangements at odds with the professionalisation model. Frontline workers are demotivated by their professionalisation experience, are suspicious of the performance of success, and find ways of achieving their vocation despite a system which they feel does not recognise the value of human relationships. Showing that 'business-minded' approaches do not necessarily rule out informal, potentially 'corrupt' ways of working, we argue against the 'professional-unprofessional' binary.

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The rapid breakout and dissemination of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection from the city of Wuhan, China, to the rest of the countries of the world in December 2019 triggered a situation that led the World Health Organization to report it as a global public health emergency. The pandemic resulted in abrupt and significant loss of lives, disruption of economies, loss of livelihoods, and severe hardship across the nations of the world. Nigeria encountered the COVID-19 reality following the discovery of the first case of the infection in the country on February 27, 2020, prompting the government to swing into action to contain its spread. However, the government's response to the pandemic benefited from the support of nonstate actors from the profit and nonprofit sectors. This study, thus, specifically examined the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in Nigeria's response to the coronavirus crisis. Using data obtained through secondary sources and analysis of thematic and descriptive-interpretive methods, the study found that CSOs impressively contributed to the government's fight against COVID-19, particularly in view of their roles in creating awareness about the virus and rebutting disinformation regarding the disease, among others. Yet, CSOs encountered some problems while undertaking these roles, prominently the closure of the civic space, noninclusion of CSOs in government's pandemic response architecture, and loss of funding. The study recommends, among other things, that in the case of any future public health emergencies of COVID-19 magnitude, the Nigerian Government should make CSOs an integral part of its response structure, while concluding that the application of these measures would incentivize better contributions from CSOs.

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El documento contiene los lineamientos para el funcionamiento y organización de la Autoridad de Sanidad Portuaria en nivel nacional y de las sanidades en el nivel regional en todo el país

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BACKGROUND: The European region has the highest daily alcohol consumption per capita and a high alcohol-related burden of disease. Policymaking at the European Union level is open to participation by interest groups, from public health organizations to alcohol industry representatives. This study aimed to map the interest groups present in the alcohol taxation and cross-border regulation initiatives and identify which arguments were used to support positions in favor or against them. METHODS: We used qualitative content analysis on the comments submitted on the official European Commission website during the 2017, 2018, 2020, and 2022 participation periods. Interest groups were characterized considering their positioning, and arguments were identified and compared by position and type of initiative. RESULTS: Opponents of changes to the structures of alcohol excise duties and cross-border regulations were mostly representatives of the alcohol and agricultural industries, and the proponents were mostly health-related nongovernmental organizations. Opponents of these initiatives used a wide variety of arguments, from economic and trade to health arguments, while proponents focused mainly on health arguments, such as the effectiveness of alcohol taxation in preventing alcohol-related morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the wide range of arguments used by opponents around alcohol control policies, contrasting with the health-centered arguments of proponents. It further shows that there is a lobbying network at the European Union level, combining national and international representatives of industry and non-governmental organizations. These findings provide an opportunity for better preparation for upcoming discussions on alcohol control at national and regional levels.

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The role of the project management office (PMO) in improving project execution has recently been acknowledged and is gaining popularity in project-based organizations to furnish various options for project-solving approaches. This study aims to identify and test the ability of PMO roles in implementing the strategic plan of the organization. This research adopted survey-based quantitative research. The questionnaire was shared with 450 staff members working in 19 project-based organizations. 268 usable questionnaires were received. The methodologies for the development of project management, monitoring and controlling project performance, organizational learning, monitoring and controlling project performance, and improving organization structure and communication were the top five PMO roles involved in the execution of strategic plans, according to the results. At the same time, the criteria of twelve top metrics were recognized to determine the effectiveness of the PMO department. This study has research implications for the researchers involved in the exploration of the specific benefits of PMO.

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INTRODUCTION: Since the onset of the Russian invasion on 24 February 2022, the health system in Ukraine has been placed under tremendous pressure, with damage to critical infrastructure, large losses of human resources, restricted mobility and significant supply chain interruptions. Based on a longstanding partnership between the Ukrainian Institute for Social Research after Oleksandr Yaremenko (UISR after O. Yaremenko) and the Institute for Global Public Health at the University of Manitoba, we explore the impact of the full-scale war on non-governmental organizations (NGOs, including charitable organizations) providing services for key population groups in Ukraine. METHODS: We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with key representatives from NGOs working with key population groups (i.e., people living with HIV, sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs and transgender people) throughout Ukraine. Members of the UISR after O. Yaremenko research team recruited participants from organizations working at national, regional and local levels. The research team members conducted 26 interviews (22 with women and four with men) between 15 May and 7 June 2023. Interviews were conducted virtually in Ukrainian and interpretively analysed to draw out key themes. RESULTS: Applying Roels et al.'s notion of "first responders", our findings explore how the full-scale war personally and organizationally impacted workers at Ukrainian NGOs. Despite the impacts to participants' physical and mental health, frontline workers continued to support HIV prevention and treatment while also responding to the need for humanitarian aid among their clients and the wider community. Furthermore, despite inadequate pay and compensation for their work, frontline workers assumed additional responsibilities, thereby exceeding their normal workload during the extraordinary conditions of war. CONCLUSIONS: NGOs play a vital role as responders, adapting their services to meet the emergent needs of communities during structural shocks, such as war. There is an urgent need to support NGOs with adequate resources for key population service delivery and to increase support for their important role in humanitarian aid.

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Within global health and development, dissatisfaction with nongovernmental organisations' effectiveness (NGOs) is an increasingly pervasive aspect of programming. Today, the international community no longer accepts that NGOs are doing what they claim. This change in expectations has emphasised the importance of measuring organisational effectiveness for improved health and development impact. Using New Institutionalism as a theoretical framework, we investigated how institutional norms and expectations influence the adoption of structures and processes by NGOs, and Early Childhood Development (ECD) programming effectiveness in Rwanda - since little research connects these concepts. We employed qualitative methods: 45 in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions. Findings revealed a misalignment of 'organizational effectiveness' across scales, from global to local. Findings stress that, effectiveness, though an expectation of the institutional environment, may not be a valid construct for NGOs, generating implications for ECD programming. Findings also indicate measurement of global health interventions generally and the notion of effectiveness specifically can yield adverse implications for ECD programming. These findings are relevant for researchers and practitioners trying to better understand organisational effectiveness for ECD programmes because they suggest that effectiveness is socially constructed and measured differently across the different scales.

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Public health frameworks have grappled with the inequitable distribution of power as a driver of the social conditions that determine health. However, these frameworks have not adequately considered building community power as a strategy to shift the distribution of power. Community power-building organizations build and organize a base of affected people to take collective action to transform their material conditions, using advocacy and other tactics. We conducted qualitative interviews with representatives of twenty-two national nongovernmental public health organizations (public health NGOs) and thirteen community power-building organizations to explore the nature and potential of partnerships between public health and community power-building organizations. Our findings suggest ways to close advocacy gaps within the public health ecosystem and ways in which public health can strategically leverage its power, resources, and expertise to support social justice campaigns and movements.

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The purpose of this article is to discuss the importance of policy transfer by humanitarian NGOs to post-disaster regions and the effectiveness of mobile Primary Health Care (PHC) services immediately after disasters. This study also focused on analysing the first 3 months aftermath of the earthquake and assessed the changes in the access and needs of vulnerable groups in emergency response creation and systematic interventions after disasters. In disasters that require urgent response such as earthquakes, the importance of the existing NGOs (Such as MdM) capacity in the countries has emerged in terms of rapid response and experience sharing. During the field work, it is observed that MdM Mobile Medical Units (MMU) teams had played a key role in terms of tracking PHC needs, functioning as early warning system for epidemics, and prevention of communicable diseases in the EQ effected areas. In this aspect, the changes in diagnoses in the first trimester is examined using the comparative analysis methods. This study used a cross-sectional mixed-method approach in terms of objective evaluation. The results from a quantitative needs assessment were complemented by qualitative data. Herein, the data were collected in two stages: First, primary data was collected through the field activities of MMU, and second field-based assessments was conducted with health professionals who have been working in the MMU teams since the first moments of the earthquake.

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Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are becoming increasingly significant stakeholders in global governance and business operations. However, measuring their efficiency is a challenging task due to their mission-driven nature. While previous research has proposed financial and non-financial indicators to measure NGO efficiency, none of them has compared the differences between environmental and social NGOs. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the program efficiency of NGOs in China and compare the differences between environmental and social NGOs. 12 indicators are employed and tested using data collected from the Chinese Research Data Services (CNRDS) platform. The study employs multiple regression analysis to examine the influential factors identified in the dataset. The findings demonstrated different influential factors of program efficiency among environmental and social NGOs. The results of the analysis provide valuable insights for NGO operators, policymakers, and researchers in the field of NGOs.

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Access to healthcare is inequitable. Poverty, natural disasters and war disproportionally effect those most vulnerable, including children. Non-governmental organizations (NGO) hold a vital role in providing pediatric care in these contexts. Here we describe the delivery and challenges of Pediatric Anesthesia with two such non-governmental organizations; Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and Mercy Ships. Descriptions of both are followed by case studies.

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En fechas recientes, el Secretario General de Naciones Unidas, António Guterres, presentaba una nota técnica sobre ciencias del comportamiento (United Nations, 2021) y su aplicación por parte de distintas organizaciones de Naciones Unidas, para lograr cubrir los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenibles 2030. Asimismo, otras organizaciones de ámbito supranacional están también creando o bien unidades propias de «análisis y diseño del comportamiento» o bien liderando iniciativas específicas. Hasta la fecha, no se ha analizado la estructura de este tipo de unidades. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es conocer, a través de un estudio observacional de sus sitios web, tanto la estructura de las unidades de análisis de determinantes del comportamiento de organizaciones supranacionales como su composición, así como los principales tipos de proyectos que llevan a cabo y las implicaciones y oportunidades que representan para los profesionales de la psicología.(AU)

Recently, the United Nations Secretary-General, António Guterres, presented a technical note on behavioral science (United Nations, 2021) and its application by different UN organizations, in order to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Other supranational organizations are also setting up their own «behavioral analysis and design units» or leading specific initiatives. So far, the structure of such behavioral analysis units has not been examined. The aim of our work is to find out, through an observational study of their websites, both the structure and composition of the behavior design and analysis units of supranational organizations, as well as the main types of projects they carry out and the opportunities and implications created for psychology professionals.(AU)

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For decades researchers have explored the link between the Big Five personality traits and job performance, conducting studies across various contexts and sectors. The study seeks to test the link between the Big Five dimensions of personality and job performance in Türkiye, for which an integration of 38 studies involving 18,021 participants was performed. By using psychometric meta-analysis, the study compares and evaluates the similarities and differences among the Türkiye studies and the broader literature on this topic. Additionally, this study is among the first to address the moderating effect of evaluators and sectors on the relationship between Big Five personality traits and job performance dimensions. The findings suggest that there are differences between the Turkish studies and the existing literature, which could be explained by cultural differences and social norms specific to collectivist countries like Türkiye.(AU)

Los investigadores han explorado durante decenios la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad de los cinco grandes factores y el desempeño en el trabajo, mediante estudios en diversos contextos y sectores. El estudio pretende probar el vínculo entre las dimensiones de personalidad de los cinco grandes y el rendimiento laboral en Turquía, para lo que se llevó a cabo la integración de 38 estudios en los que participaron un total de 18,021 sujetos. Mediante meta-análisis psicométricos el estudio compara y valora las semejanzas y diferencias entre los estudios de Turquía y las publicaciones más amplias sobre el tema. Además el estudio es uno de los primeros que aborda el efecto moderador de los evaluadores y sectores en la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad de los cinco grandes y las dimensiones del desempeño en el trabajo. Los resultados indican que hay diferencias entre los estudios turcos y otros estudios, lo que podría explicarse por las diferencias culturales y las normas sociales específicas de países colectivistas como Turquía.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Selecting a journal with an appropriate scope and breadth, well-respected by other scholars in the field, and widely indexed and accessible to readers is an integral part of publishing. Academic publishing has recently seen a significant shift away from traditional print publications and toward open access journals and online publications. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate academic nurse researchers' knowledge, experience, and attitudes regarding predatory journals. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study design was conducted using Predatory Journals Questionnaire to collect the data from academic nurse educators working at X and XX University. RESULTS: Almost two-thirds (68.6 %) of participants had previous knowledge of the term "predatory journal." As well as, the majority of academic educators had previous experience as they had used predatory journals before, as by being asked to publish in their journal (84.3 %) or serve on its editorial board (24.3 %), participants were more likely to receive requests to submit an article to a predatory journal (52.9 %) via email, mail, or phone. In addition, academic nurse researchers had a moderate perspective (mean = 3.87 ± 1.06; mean % score = 71.71) toward predatory journals. CONCLUSION: Publishing in a predatory journal, whether done knowingly or unknowingly, can harm authors' reputations as academics, their capacity to submit to other journals, and the quality of their work. According to the results of our study, many researchers still lacked a thorough understanding of the predatory journal publishing model, which is a phenomenon that demands an increasing amount of research, despite hearing about the phenomenon of a predatory journal and having previously attended training.

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BACKGROUND: Boyer's framework of scholarship, the basis of many academic models for faculty promotion, is comprised of the components of discovery, teaching, integration, application, and engagement. Yet, the scholarship component of application (containing goal-based clinical practice) is undervalued by many academic models. PURPOSE: This study explores the nursing activities currently qualifying as scholarship in several international academic models. METHODS: Using the Delphi approach, an international nine-member panel from seven countries participated in a six-question, structured brainstorming session to explore the nursing activities qualifying as scholarship by academic models. Follow-up sessions were attended by six panel members. RESULTS: Panel members reported that the nursing activities, which most often were recognized as scholarship, fit the scholarship components of discovery, teaching and integration but few fit the components of application or engagement. Although this project originally focused on clinical practice, far more recommendations for an academic model targeted the scholarship component of engagement. CONCLUSION: Academic models' lack of appreciation for the scholarship components of application (goal-based clinical practice) and engagement (partnering with community groups) discourages faculty from participating in these activities. Yet, these nursing activities demonstrate scholarship and are essential for the continued development of the nursing profession and discipline.

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Nursing faculty prepared with a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree have unique needs as they transition from their clinical roles into full-time academia. As expert clinicians they share a wealth of knowledge that contributes to quality improvement and implementation of evidence-based practice in healthcare. However, they may lack the preparation needed for scholarship, a requirement for promotion, as well as retention, in many academic organizations. Traditional promotional processes are more in tune with the nursing faculty who have received a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree, in which scholarship and research are a core component of their education and practice. As the number of DNP-prepared faculty increases, supporting successful transition to academia including scholarly productivity is essential to retention especially as nurse faculty shortages persist. Further research and resources are needed to help prepare and support DNP-prepared faculty to develop their scholarship with an increasing need to recognize the additional means of dissemination that these clinical scholars can utilize to meet the requirements of promotion.

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American healthcare reform efforts are driving healthcare organizations to demonstrate the ability to reduce costs while improving quality and optimizing healthcare outcomes. Nurses are the largest healthcare clinicians and need proper preparatory education to enter the profession as practice-ready clinicians; however, medical errors and reduced nursing board examination success rates highlight the need for improved nurse academic preparation standards. Evidence has elucidated an expanding nursing education-practice gap problem arising from inadequate integration of academic leadership and faculty within the clinical practice arena. The nursing education-practice gap has been exacerbated by governance structures in academia that limit opportunities for nursing faculty to remain actively engaged in clinical practice settings. To improve new graduate nurse practice readiness, healthcare quality, and cost-effectiveness, academic institutions must partner with healthcare delivery organizations within mutually beneficial models. The purpose of this article is to describe the expanding nursing education-practice gap problem in relevance to American healthcare quality and reform initiatives and to propose innovative solutions assigned with evidence-based standards.

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Urban agriculture is increasingly valued as a strategy for improving quality of life in cities, but urban growers face challenges and often lack coordinated support from governments and the agricultural industry. We surveyed urban growers through an online survey, primarily in the Northeastern United States, to develop a profile of growers and associated organizations, assess the current state of urban agriculture, and determine how universities could help meet their needs. A total of 394 respondents completed the survey and most urban growers were white (non-Hispanic) and younger than 45 years old. Women and men were in almost equal proportion. Urban growers were well-educated, but most did not receive a degree in agriculture. Urban agriculture in our study area was dominated by relatively small non-profit organizations and home and community gardens were the most common types of organizations. Urban agricultural organizations want to improve environmental sustainability and socio-cultural conditions through food access and security, regardless of their tax status. Urban growers face diverse barriers and challenges and the most ubiquitous barriers and challenges reported by respondents were related to availability of land and long-term access in urban areas. Many respondents received low revenue or were operating at a net loss even though they reported diverse income streams. Respondents need a wide range of training, including in traditional agricultural topics as well as financial management and business trainings. Universities can play a key role in promoting urban agriculture by offering training and research. Workforce development is a large priority among universities, so urban growers should regularly be consulted, and the results shared with career and workforce development professionals and researchers in urban areas to identify training and research that meets the needs of stakeholders.

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Genomic medicine has great potential to offer insights into how humans' genetic variation can affect their health, prevention options and treatment responses. The Beyond 1 Million Genomes (B1MG) project was kicked off in 2020 with the aim of building a federated network of genomic data in Europe, in which Belgium took part as a piloting country. B1MG developed a framework to enable all interested countries to self-evaluate the level of maturity of national genomic medicine practices following a common matrix, called Maturity Level Model (MLM), that contained 49 indicators across eight domains: I. Governance and strategy; II. Investment and economic model; III. Ethics, legislation and policy; IV. Public awareness and acceptance; V. Workforce skills and organisation; VI. Clinical organisation, infrastructure and tools; VII. Clinical genomics guidelines and infrastructure; and VIII. Data management, standards and infrastructure. The ongoing Genomic Data Infrastructure (GDI) project aims to capitalise on the experience of B1MG piloting countries and their MLM results. In this paper, we present the qualitative and quantitative outcomes of B1MG MLM assessment in Belgium and discuss their relevance to GDI. The insights gained from this study can be helpful for steering future policy directions and interventions on genomics in Belgium and beyond.

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Formalistic tasks are widely utilized in modern companies due to their ability to increase productivity and contribute to the achievement of corporate goals at a lower cost. However, these tasks are often meet with resistance from individuals because they do not provide direct short-term rewards for their efforts. Drawing on social cognitive theory, this study examined the influence of individual quality and organizational attachment on the completion of formalistic tasks. To address this, the study conducted a questionnaire survey to collect data from 602 Chinese respondents and built a structural equation model for data analysis. Through empirical research, the study confirmed the positive role of individual quality, including knowledge and personality, in the completion of formalistic tasks. Furthermore, the study proved that avoidant attachment could significantly weaken the effect of some components of individual quality on formalistic task completion. This paper is the first to reveal the influence of individual and environmental factors on individuals' completion of formalistic tasks, progressing from bottom to top. The implications of these results are discussed.

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