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Background: Bullous Keratopathy (BK) is characterized by decompensation of the corneal stroma resulting in visual impairment by corneal opacity, discomfort, excessive tearing, blepharospasm and pain. The aim of this study was to report a case of BK in a dog and the complete recovery of the ocular structure and visual function, with a third eyelid flap associated with the use of autologous blood serum topically. Case: A 2-year-old Shih Tzu male dog, weighing 4.3 kg, with recurrent bilateral eye discomfort was brought to Ophthalmologist Veterinarian Assistance. The patient had already been seen by other veterinarians, but the signs returned in a short period of time after the prescription was suspended. During physical examination it was observed moderate blepharospasm in the right eye, epiphora in the left eye, and in both eyes was noted exophthalmos, medial corneal entropion, caruncle trichiasis and ectopic cilia in the upper and lower eyelids. Fluorescein test was positive in both eyes, and a large bullous, opaque and gelatinous lesion with irregular appearance was observed occupying a large part of the cornea of the right eye. Superficial corneal ulcer was diagnosed in left eye and BK in right eye, both probably in consequence of ectopic cilia presence. Surgical intervention was made, with the cauterization and excision of the ectopic cilia and third eyelid flap in the right eye. The cauterization of caruncle trichiasis was not authorized by the owner. Moxifloxacin eye drops in the dose of one drop four times a day in both eyes, lubricant based on hyaluronic acid in the dose of one drop four times a day in both eyes, and autogenous blood serum, obtained from the centrifugation of a blood sample of the dog itself, in the dose of one drop every hour in the right eye for 24 h, and meloxicam in the dose of...(AU)

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Background: Bullous Keratopathy (BK) is characterized by decompensation of the corneal stroma resulting in visual impairment by corneal opacity, discomfort, excessive tearing, blepharospasm and pain. The aim of this study was to report a case of BK in a dog and the complete recovery of the ocular structure and visual function, with a third eyelid flap associated with the use of autologous blood serum topically. Case: A 2-year-old Shih Tzu male dog, weighing 4.3 kg, with recurrent bilateral eye discomfort was brought to Ophthalmologist Veterinarian Assistance. The patient had already been seen by other veterinarians, but the signs returned in a short period of time after the prescription was suspended. During physical examination it was observed moderate blepharospasm in the right eye, epiphora in the left eye, and in both eyes was noted exophthalmos, medial corneal entropion, caruncle trichiasis and ectopic cilia in the upper and lower eyelids. Fluorescein test was positive in both eyes, and a large bullous, opaque and gelatinous lesion with irregular appearance was observed occupying a large part of the cornea of the right eye. Superficial corneal ulcer was diagnosed in left eye and BK in right eye, both probably in consequence of ectopic cilia presence. Surgical intervention was made, with the cauterization and excision of the ectopic cilia and third eyelid flap in the right eye. The cauterization of caruncle trichiasis was not authorized by the owner. Moxifloxacin eye drops in the dose of one drop four times a day in both eyes, lubricant based on hyaluronic acid in the dose of one drop four times a day in both eyes, and autogenous blood serum, obtained from the centrifugation of a blood sample of the dog itself, in the dose of one drop every hour in the right eye for 24 h, and meloxicam in the dose of...

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Se describió un caso con anomalía de Peters, defecto congénito de la córnea que aparece de manera generalmente esporádica y de etiología aun incierta. Se hace referencia a sus formas de presentación y a los posibles tratamientos, siendo el pronóstico más sombrío cuando se acompaña de manifestaciones sistémicas. Se explicó cómo se llegó al diagnóstico que es eminentemente clínico, dejando algunas consideraciones finales(AU)

It described a case with anomaly of Peters, congenital defect of the cornea that appears of way generally sporadic and of etiology even uncertain. It does reference to his forms of presentation and to the possible treatments being the darkest prognosis when it accompanies of systemic manifestations. It explained how the diagnostic was reached. It is essentially clinical, letting some final considerations(AU)

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Se describió un caso con anomalía de Peters, defecto congénito de la córnea que aparece de manera generalmente esporádica y de etiología aun incierta. Se hace referencia a sus formas de presentación y a los posibles tratamientos, siendo el pronóstico más sombrío cuando se acompaña de manifestaciones sistémicas. Se explicó cómo se llegó al diagnóstico que es eminentemente clínico, dejando algunas consideraciones finales(AU)

It described a case with anomaly of Peters, congenital defect of the cornea that appears of way generally sporadic and of etiology even uncertain. It does reference to his forms of presentation and to the possible treatments being the darkest prognosis when it accompanies of systemic manifestations. It explained how the diagnostic was reached. It is essentially clinical, letting some final considerations(AU)

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual outcomes, recurrence patterns, safety, and efficacy of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in conjunction with mitomycin C (MMC) for corneal macular and granular diystrophies. METHODS: The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included patients with macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) that caused superficial corneal plaque opacities, and Group 2 included patients with granular corneal dystrophy (GCD). Patients in both groups were pre-, peri-, and postoperatively evaluated. The groups were compared in terms of uncorrected visual acuity (VA), best spectacle-corrected VA, presence of mild or significant recurrence, and time of recurrence. RESULTS: Eighteen eyes (nine with MCD and nine with GCD) of 18 patients (10 men and eight women) were included. PTK was performed for each eye that was included in this study. The mean ablation amount was 117.8 ± 24.4 µm and 83.5 ± 45.7 µm in MCD and GCD, respectively, (p=0.18). The postoperative improvement of the mean VA was similar between the two groups before recurrences (p>0.43) and after recurrences (p>0.71). There were no statistically significant differences in the recurrence rate and the recurrence-free period for any recurrence type. CONCLUSION: PTK was an effective, safe, and minimally invasive procedure for patients with MCD and GCD. PTK in conjunction with MMC was similarly effective for both groups in terms of recurrence and visual outcomes.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the visual outcomes, recurrence patterns, safety, and efficacy of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in conjunction with mitomycin C (MMC) for corneal macular and granular diystrophies. Methods: The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included patients with macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) that caused superficial corneal plaque opacities, and Group 2 included patients with granular corneal dystrophy (GCD). Patients in both groups were pre-, peri-, and postoperatively evaluated. The groups were compared in terms of uncorrected visual acuity (VA), best spectacle-corrected VA, presence of mild or significant recurrence, and time of recurrence. Results: Eighteen eyes (nine with MCD and nine with GCD) of 18 patients (10 men and eight women) were included. PTK was performed for each eye that was included in this study. The mean ablation amount was 117.8 ± 24.4 µm and 83.5 ± 45.7 µm in MCD and GCD, respectively, (p=0.18). The postoperative improvement of the mean VA was similar between the two groups before recurrences (p>0.43) and after recurrences (p>0.71). There were no statistically significant differences in the recurrence rate and the recurrence-free period for any recurrence type. Conclusion: PTK was an effective, safe, and minimally invasive procedure for patients with MCD and GCD. PTK in conjunction with MMC was similarly effective for both groups in terms of recurrence and visual outcomes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados visuais, padrões de recorrência, segurança e eficácia da ceratectomia fototerapêutica (PTK) por excimer laser em conjunto com mitomicina C (MMC) em distrofias macular e granular da córnea. Métodos: Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos. Grupo 1 incluiu pacientes com distrofia macular de córnea (MCD) que causaram opacidades superficiais corneanas em placa e o grupo 2 incluiu pacientes com distrofia corneana granular (GCD). Todos os pacientes em ambos os grupos foram avaliados no pré, per e pós-operatório. Os grupos foram comparados em termos de acuidade visual (VA) não corrigida, VA melhor corrigida por óculos, presença de recorrência leve ou significativa e o tempo de recorrência. Resultados: Dezoito olhos de 18 pacientes (10 homens e 8 mulheres) foram incluídos no estudo, 9 olhos com MCD e 9 olhos com GCD. Um procedimento de PTK foi realizado em cada olho incluídos neste estudo. A quantidade média de ablação foi 117,8 ± 24,4, 83,5 ± 45,7 µm de MCD e GCD, respectivamente, (p=0,18). A melhora pós-operatória da acuidade visual média foi semelhante entre os dois grupos antes de as recidivas (p>0,43) e após as recidivas (p>0,71). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na taxa de recorrência ou do período livre de recorrência para qualquer tipo de recorrência. Conclusão: PTK foi um procedimento eficaz, seguro e minimamente invasivo para pacientes MCD e GCD. PTK em conjunto com MMC é igualmente eficaz para ambos os grupos em termos de recorrência e resultados visuais.

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As our understanding of phenotype has improved with improving anterior segment imaging, it has become increasingly clear that the early genotype-phenotype correlations were largely misled by inaccurate phenotyping. Using a novel classification, congenital or neonatal corneal opacification can be considered to be primary or secondary. Secondary corneal disease may be developmental or acquired. Genetic analysis using this phenotypic classification becomes easier to navigate. Primary corneal disease includes endothelial dystrophies, corneal dermoids, cornea plana, and CYP1B1 cytopathy. Genotyping for all these conditions is reasonably advanced. Secondary developmental corneal disease includes entities that are the least well understood genotypically. These are kerato-irido-lenticular dysgenesis (also known as Peters anomaly, types 1 and 2). The genotyping literature of these conditions is littered with confusion. Iridocorneal adhesions (Peters anomaly 1) are often avascular, whereas keratolenticular adhesions (Peters anomaly 2) are usually vascularized. Children with a known molecular diagnosis can have iridocorneal adhesion in one eye and keratolenticular adhesion in the other eye. This further supports the notion that Peters anomaly 1 or 2 is a sign and not a diagnosis. Further types of kerato-irido-lenticular dysgenesis are those in which the lens fails to form or forms and then degenerates. Genotyping in these cases has been somewhat more fruitful but, as always, not comprehensive. If the lens fails to form or forms partially, the gene involved is FOXE3, which is a lens gene. Not surprisingly, if the lens forms partially or fails to form, this has an effect on the vitreous and the drainage angle. These cases are often associated with severe glaucoma. Other secondary developmental corneal diseases may include Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, Aniridia, and primary congenital glaucoma, all of which have specific genotypic characterization. Other secondary causes are acquired and include infection, trauma, and metabolic disorders.

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Objetivo: describir algunas características clínicas y resultados visuales en pacientes operados de trasplante corneal en el Centro Oftalmológico del Hospital Universitario Arnaldo Milián Castro. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, con un universo de 47 pacientes operados de trasplante corneal en el Centro Oftalmológico del Hospital Universitario Arnaldo Milián Castro, de la provincia de Villa Clara, entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2012. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, causa del trasplante corneal, objetivo de la cirugía y agudeza visual mejor corregida antes y después del trasplante.Resultados: los grupos etarios que predominaron fueron los comprendidos entre 60 y 69 años y 70 y 79 años en uno y otro sexos. La causa más frecuente de la queratoplastia fue la queratopatía bullosa pseudofáquica, seguida del leucoma corneal y el rechazo al injerto. Conclusiones: después del trasplante de córnea hay un aumento significativo de la agudeza visual mejor corregida. El trasplante corneal contribuye de manera importante a ofrecer un adecuado nivel de recuperación visual en pacientes con opacidades corneales y prevención de ceguera de origen corneal(AU)

Objective: to describe some clinical characteristics and visual outcomes in patients undergoing corneal transplants in the Eye Center Arnaldo Milian Castro University Hospital. Method: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 47 patients undergoing corneal transplants in the Eye Center "Arnaldo Milian Castro" University Hospital in Villa Clara province. The universe consisted of 47 patients. the variables studied were: age, sex, cause of corneal transplant surgery and lens best corrected visual acuity before and after transplantation. Results: the predominant age groups were those between 60 and 69 years and 70 to 79 years in both sexes. The most frequent cause of keratoplasty was pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, followed by corneal scarring and graft rejection, and the goal of surgery that prevailed was the optician. Conclusions: after the cornea transplant there is a significant increase in best corrected visual acuity. Corneal transplantation contributes significantly to provide an adequate level of visual recovery in patients with corneal opacities and blindness prevention of corneal origin(AU)

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OBJETIVO: describir algunas características clínicas y resultados visuales en pacientes operados de trasplante corneal en el Centro Oftalmológico del Hospital Universitario "Arnaldo Milián Castro". MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, con un universo de 47 pacientes operados de trasplante corneal en el Centro Oftalmológico del Hospital Universitario "Arnaldo Milián Castro", de la provincia de Villa Clara, entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2012. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, causa del trasplante corneal, objetivo de la cirugía y agudeza visual mejor corregida antes y después del trasplante. RESULTADOS: los grupos etarios que predominaron fueron los comprendidos entre 60 y 69 años y 70 y 79 años en uno y otro sexos. La causa más frecuente de la queratoplastia fue la queratopatía bullosa pseudofáquica, seguida del leucoma corneal y el rechazo al injerto. CONCLUSIONES: después del trasplante de córnea hay un aumento significativo de la agudeza visual mejor corregida. El trasplante corneal contribuye de manera importante a ofrecer un adecuado nivel de recuperación visual en pacientes con opacidades corneales y prevención de ceguera de origen corneal(AU)

OBJECTIVE: to describe some clinical characteristics and visual outcomes in patients undergoing corneal transplants in the Eye Center "Arnaldo Milian Castro" University Hospital. METHOD: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 47 patients undergoing corneal transplants in the Eye Center "Arnaldo Milian Castro" University Hospital in Villa Clara province. The universe consisted of 47 patients. the variables studied were: age, sex, cause of corneal transplant surgery and lens best corrected visual acuity before and after transplantation. RESULTS: the predominant age groups were those between 60 and 69 years and 70 to 79 years in both sexes. The most frequent cause of keratoplasty was pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, followed by corneal scarring and graft rejection, and the goal of surgery that prevailed was the optician. CONCLUSIONS: after the cornea transplant there is a significant increase in best corrected visual acuity. Corneal transplantation contributes significantly to provide an adequate level of visual recovery in patients with corneal opacities and blindness prevention of corneal origin(AU)

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Peter's anomaly consists in the most common congenital corneal opacity related to a malformation of the anterior segment of the eye. Its main characteristics are central leukoma and iridocorneal adherences at the area affected by the leukoma. It can be identified isolated or in association with other ocular or systemic abnormalities, and the prognostic tend to be worse in the latter cases. The etiology of Peter's anomaly remains uncertain, but the most likely causes are related to genetic, infectious, traumatic and toxic factors. A range of possible treatment strategies exists, though the effectiveness of each of them depends on how the disease occurs and whether it is identified in early or advanced stages - the earlier the diagnosis, the higher the possibility of a successful intervention, given that precocious treatments are more likely to result in a good development of the vision. This work reports a case of Peter's anomaly that was diagnosed in an advanced stage, discussing the characteristics of the case and treatment possibilities.

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A anomalia de Peters consiste na mais comum opacidade corneana congênita e é secundária à malformação do segmento anterior do olho. Suas principais características são opacidade corneana central e sinéquias da íris e/ou do cristalino com a região do leucoma. Pode apresentar-se de forma isolada ou associada a outras anomalias oculares e sistêmicas, tendo prognóstico mais sombrio nestes casos. A etiologia da anomalia Peters permanece incerta, sendo aventadas causas genéticas, infecciosas, traumáticas e tóxicas. O tratamento varia com a apresentação do quadro, sendo importante a pronta detecção da doença, possibilitando o tratamento precoce, com bom desenvolvimento da visão. Este trabalho relata um caso de anomalia de Peters diagnosticado tardiamente e discute as características da doença e possibilidades de tratamento.

Peter's anomaly consists in the most common congenital corneal opacity related to a malformation of the anterior segment of the eye. Its main characteristics are central leukoma and iridocorneal adherences at the area affected by the leukoma. It can be identified isolated or in association with other ocular or systemic abnormalities, and the prognostic tend to be worse in the latter cases. The etiology of Peter's anomaly remains uncertain, but the most likely causes are related to genetic, infectious, traumatic and toxic factors. A range of possible treatment strategies exists, though the effectiveness of each of them depends on how the disease occurs and whether it is identified in early or advanced stages - the earlier the diagnosis, the higher the possibility of a successful intervention, given that precocious treatments are more likely to result in a good development of the vision. This work reports a case of Peter's anomaly that was diagnosed in an advanced stage, discussing the characteristics of the case and treatment possibilities.

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A degeneraçäo marginal de Terrien é uma forma rara de adelgaçamento corneano periférico, lentamente progressiva, podendo chegar à perfuraçäo. Sua etiologia é desconhecida e seu tratamento näo tem conduta uniforme. Apresenta-se um caso de envolvimento bilateral em um homem de 29 anos de idade que veio à consulta por surtos recorrentes de olhos vermelhos. Feito o diagnóstico de degeneraçäo marginal de Terrien, foi adotada uma conduta expectante. A evoluçäo do quadro permaneceu inalterada durante o período de acompanhamento (05 meses após a primeira consulta). Procura-se correlacionar o caso relatado com as informaçöes contidas na literatura

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