RESUMEN
High numbers of proinflammatory cells (PMNLs), which are carried by the blood to ischemic tissue during reperfusion, are considered responsible for inducing the inflammatory response that occurs in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our objective was to determine the controlled reperfusion (CR) interval duration (CRID) that would minimize the injury caused by the PMNLs that infiltrate ischemic tissue. Animal groups were divided into the following groups: Sham group, ovarian I/R group (OIR), and ovarian ischemia controlled-reperfusion groups OICR-1, OICR-2, OICR-3, OICR-4, OICR-5, OICR-6, which had their ovarian artery opened and then closed for 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, or 1 s, respectively. The results show that the COX-2 activity and the gene expression decreased while the COX-1 activity and the gene expression were found to be increased in parallel to the shortening of the period in CRID. From the histopathological examinations, the findings of hemorrhage, edema, congested vascular structures, degenerated cells, and migration and adhesion of PMNLs were scaled as follows: Sham group < OICR-6 < OICR-5 < OICR-4 < OICR-3 < OICR-2 < OICR-1. The results from the histopathological assessments were consistent with the molecular and biochemical findings. In conclusion, our findings suggest that increased COX-2 activity plays a role in I/R injury of the rat ovary, and that controlled reperfusion for 3, 2, or 1 s following 2 h of ischemia may attenuate the effects of I/R injury.
Asunto(s)
Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica , Infiltración Neutrófila , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Ooforitis/prevención & control , Ovario/irrigación sanguínea , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Reperfusión , Animales , Adhesión Celular , Ciclooxigenasa 1/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Edema/etiología , Edema/prevención & control , Femenino , Hemorragia/etiología , Hemorragia/prevención & control , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/patología , Ooforitis/inmunología , Ooforitis/metabolismo , Ooforitis/patología , Ovario/inmunología , Ovario/metabolismo , Ovario/patología , Ratas Wistar , Daño por Reperfusión/inmunología , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) occurs within the pituitary, brain, skin, ovary and other tissues, and has potent anti-inflammatory activity. For this reason, we examined its effects on an autoimmune disease: the experimental autoimmune-oophoritis (EAO). We analyzed the effect of the peptide on the release of nitric oxide (NO) and progesterone from cultured ovarian granulosa (GL) cells at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after sensitization of the rats. On day 0 the progesterone levels were higher in estrous rats than those in proestrus and diestrus. The NO amount did not differ among the diverse days of the cycles. The administration of alpha-MSH induced a decrease of NO in estrus and diestrus, but did not affect progesterone release. The EAO rats showed a period of constant diestrus ranging from about 7 to 14 days after immunization. At the onset (day 7) and the end of this period (day 14), the NO significantly increased in estrous rats which was correlated with a reduction in progesterone concentration. This effect was reverted by alpha-MSH. At 21 and 28 days, progesterone release increased only when the rats were in proestrus, while NO production was similar to that on day 0. Administration of alpha-MSH reduced progesterone release when the rats were in proestrus and these results were correlated with an increase in NO only at day 14. The results obtained suggest that alpha-MSH could act as a modulator of EAO, specially when the rats are in estrus.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes/metabolismo , Células de la Granulosa/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Ooforitis/metabolismo , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Progesterona/metabolismo , alfa-MSH/farmacología , Animales , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/sangre , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/tratamiento farmacológico , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Estradiol/sangre , Femenino , Células de la Granulosa/metabolismo , Ooforitis/sangre , Ooforitis/inducido químicamente , Ooforitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ovario/citología , Ovario/metabolismo , Progesterona/sangre , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Endogenous Ag requirement for induction and maintenance of T cell tolerance has been extensively investigated in mice that express a transgenic Ag and/or its cognate transgenic TCR. In contrast, studies on tolerance for physiologically expressed self Ag and normal T cells are limited. Herein, we showed that the murine ovarian-specific ZP3 Ag is detectable from birth. Tolerance to ZP3 is detected in female relative to male mice. In comparison to males, 100-fold more ovarian peptide (pZP3) is required to elicit a comparable pathogenic response in females. Female tolerance to pZP3 was dependent on the presence of endogenous ovarian Ag, because neonatal ovariectomy converted the female response to that of males. Moreover, in female mice that were ovariectomized from the ages of 1-6 wk, the pZP3 responses were enhanced to the male level if ovaries were removed up to 7 days, but not 3 days, before adult challenge with pZP3. Thus, the physiologically expressed ZP3 Ag induces tolerance to pZP3, and the maintenance of tolerance is critically dependent on the continuous presence of the endogenous ovarian Ag. In contrast, exposure to endogenous ovarian Ag confined to the neonatal period is insufficient for the induction and maintenance of tolerance to ZP3.
Asunto(s)
Autoantígenos/fisiología , Proteínas del Huevo/inmunología , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/inmunología , Receptores de Superficie Celular , Autotolerancia/inmunología , Factores de Edad , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales Recién Nacidos/inmunología , Animales Recién Nacidos/metabolismo , Autoantígenos/biosíntesis , Autoantígenos/metabolismo , Proteínas del Huevo/biosíntesis , Proteínas del Huevo/metabolismo , Proteínas del Huevo/fisiología , Femenino , Masculino , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/biosíntesis , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/fisiología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos A , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Ooforitis/inmunología , Ooforitis/metabolismo , Caracteres Sexuales , Factores de Tiempo , Zona Pelúcida/inmunología , Zona Pelúcida/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de la Zona PelúcidaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The significance of C-reactive protein (CRP) in assessing the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was established and compared with body temperature (BT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum leukocyte concentration (L). METHOD: In 51 patients with PID, 20 (39%) of them with tubo-ovarial abscess (TOA), measurement of BT and laboratory investigations were carried out on admission and during treatment on days 3-4, 6-8 and 18-21. The changes in these values were compared with the changes in clinical condition. RESULT: Prior to treatment, the majority--49 patients or 96.1%--had increased CRP values. In successful treatment, the CRP values decreased significantly in PID patients without TOA on day 3-4, in patients with TOA on day 6-8 and reached normal values in both groups on day 18-21. Changes in clinical condition were most concurrent with changes in CRP. CONCLUSION: In assessing PID treatment, the determination of CRP has precedence over L, ESR and BT as the percentage of patients with increased CRP is higher and because the changes in value follow the changes in clinical condition more reliably.
Asunto(s)
Absceso/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteína C-Reactiva/efectos de los fármacos , Ceftriaxona/administración & dosificación , Clindamicina/administración & dosificación , Quimioterapia Combinada/administración & dosificación , Gentamicinas/administración & dosificación , Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica/tratamiento farmacológico , Tetraciclina/administración & dosificación , Absceso/diagnóstico , Absceso/metabolismo , Adulto , Sedimentación Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Temperatura Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína C-Reactiva/biosíntesis , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Humanos , Ooforitis/diagnóstico , Ooforitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ooforitis/metabolismo , Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Salpingitis/diagnóstico , Salpingitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Salpingitis/metabolismo , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
We have previously found the serum concentration of the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen, an indicator of collagen metabolism, to be increased in advanced ovarian cancer. In this study we measured the serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen concentration in healthy women during the menstrual cycle and in patients with salpingo-oophoritis, leiomyomas, endometriosis, and benign ovarian tumors. The concentration was higher in the luteal phase than that in the follicular phase, suggesting an association of collagen metabolism with ovarian steroid hormones. Severe salpingo-oophoritis increased the serum level of the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen with a decrease to normal during recovery. Elevated values were occasionally seen in endometriosis and leiomyomas. These findings indicate that the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen is a relatively unspecific indicator of ovarian carcinoma.
Asunto(s)
Colágeno/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Procolágeno/sangre , Adulto , Cistoadenoma/sangre , Cistoadenoma/diagnóstico , Cistoadenoma/metabolismo , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Endometriosis/sangre , Endometriosis/metabolismo , Femenino , Fase Folicular , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/sangre , Humanos , Leiomioma/sangre , Leiomioma/metabolismo , Fase Luteínica , Ooforitis/sangre , Ooforitis/metabolismo , Quistes Ováricos/sangre , Quistes Ováricos/diagnóstico , Quistes Ováricos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ováricas/sangre , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Radioinmunoensayo , Salpingitis/sangre , Salpingitis/metabolismo , Neoplasias Uterinas/sangre , Neoplasias Uterinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
The autoimmune oophoritis resulting from thymectomy at 3 days of age (Tx-3) in B6A female mice is characterized by dysgenic ovaries and circulating auto-antibodies against the oocyte (AOA). Dysgenesis of the ovaries starts around 24 days of age with a decline in numbers of the oocytes and follicles and is accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration. By 60 days of age the ovarian dysgenesis (OD) is complete with a preponderance of interstitial cells associated with elevated levels of testosterone (T). From 60-120 days of age the ovaries become progressively smaller in size and T levels rise. Since ovarian interstitial cells can produce T, assessment of aromatase activity was determined using cultured ovaries from 20-, 30-, 60-, 90- and 120-day-old mice. Similar or enhanced ability in aromatizing T to estradiol-17 beta (E2) was demonstrated by the ovaries from all Tx-3 mice compared with those from intact mice. At 30 and 60 days of age Tx-3 mice had increased circulating levels of E2 then the levels of E2 returned to those of intact mice at 90 and 120 days of age. The results indicate that the ovaries in Tx-3 mice may have an ability to aromatize T to E2 in culture, but apparently are not doing so at 90 and 120 days of age in situ. Further, ovaries of Tx-3 animals are able to aromatize T to E2 in the absence of organized follicular cells. These abnormal responses of ovarian hormones clearly demonstrate that the presence of AOA have a damaging effect on the endocrine activity as well as the morphology of the ovary.
Asunto(s)
Aromatasa/metabolismo , Ovario/metabolismo , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Autoanticuerpos , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/etiología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/metabolismo , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/patología , Femenino , Ratones , Ooforitis/etiología , Ooforitis/metabolismo , Ooforitis/patología , Ovario/inmunología , Ovario/patología , Esteroides/biosíntesis , TimectomíaRESUMEN
A woman with autoimmune oophoritis was found to have luteal phase progesterone levels throughout a six-month period of amenorrhea. The common presentation of amenorrhea or metrorrhagia, despite the presence of a corpus luteum, in women with autoimmune oophoritis might result from this chronic progesterone production. A clinical picture consistent with a persistent corpus luteum may be a very early sign of autoimmune oophoritis.