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Objectives: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a leading urological malignancy with an age-standardised incidence rate of 2.5 per 100,000 per year in Oman. Experts are inclined towards the early detection and use of minimally invasive technology for the treatment of RCC. This study aimed report the shifting trend in the clinical presentation and management of RCC in Oman, comparing the outcomes of laparoscopic and open nephrectomy. Methods: This retrospective study included adult RCC patients from Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, diagnosed from 2011-2022. Patient biodata, mode of presentation, diagnostic modality, final histopathology and details of treatment received including the perioperative outcomes were analysed. Results: A total of 56 patients that underwent surgical treatment for RCC, 34 underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) and 22 underwent open nephrectomy (ON). The mean ages in the LN and ON groups were 53.82 ± 13.44 years and 56.22 ± 15.00 years (P = 0.53), respectively. There were 47 patients of Omani descent and 9 patients were expatiates. The patients' mean tumour size was 6.25 ± 3.16 cm and 9.23 ± 5.20 cm for the LN and ON groups, respectively; 55.35% of the RCC cases were incidentally diagnosed. A trend towards LN was observed. Conclusion: This study found a trend towards early diagnosis of RCC in Oman, with the majority of cancers being discovered incidentally in the studied period. LN is more commonly used in the surgical management of RCC with acceptable morbidity. These trends remain aligned with those found in the global literature on RCC.
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Carcinoma de Células Renales , Neoplasias Renales , Laparoscopía , Nefrectomía , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Renales/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Renales/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Laparoscopía/métodos , Laparoscopía/estadística & datos numéricos , Omán/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nefrectomía/métodos , Nefrectomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Neoplasias Renales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Anciano , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of adult Omani patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The quality of life of these patients in Oman is unknown. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, from June to October 2022 and included patients with SCD. A validated Arabic version of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess HRQoL in 8 domains. Results: A total of 235 patients with SCD were included in this study, the majority of whom were female (74.9%) and between 18 and 35 years of age (64.6%). The lowest HRQoL was reported for the domain of role limitations due to physical health (median score = 25.0, interquartile range [IQR] = 35.0), while the highest was seen for role limitations due to emotional problems (median score = 66.7, IQR = 100.0). Frequent SCD-related emergency department visits/hospital admissions and the adverse effect of SCD on patients' social lives had a significant negative impact on SF-36 scores for all 8 HRQoL domains (P ≤0.05). Additionally, SCD's impact on academic performance and a history of having been bullied due to SCD had a significant negative impact on SF-36 scores for 7 domains (P ≤0.05). Conclusion: Omani adult patients with SCD reported relatively poor HRQoL in several domains, with various factors found to be significantly associated with this. Healthcare providers and policy makers should consider offering additional clinical, educational and financial support to these patients to enhance their HRQoL.
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Anemia de Células Falciformes , Hospitales Universitarios , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Anemia de Células Falciformes/psicología , Anemia de Células Falciformes/epidemiología , Omán/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Adolescente , Hospitales Universitarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the aetiology, management and outcomes of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in children and highlight the factors influencing patient outcomes in such cases. Methods: In a retrospective study spanning the 2020-2023 period, 93 children with CSE treated at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital's emergency department (ED), high dependency unit (HDU) and intensive care unit (ICU) were analysed. The Modified Rankin Scale at discharge was used to determine CSE outcomes. Results: Among the 93 children studied (mean age 4.84 ± 3.64 years), predominantly Omani (92.47%), 14 aetiologies were noted. Of them, acute symptomatic (37.7%) and febrile status (31.2%) were the primary causes of CSE. Diazepam was administered as the first-line treatment in 58 (67.44%) cases, with a median seizure duration of 45 minutes. Successful seizure control was achieved in 71 (76.34%) cases within 60 minutes. A return to baseline was observed in 55.9% of cases, while mortality and disability were noted in 5.38% and 38.7% of cases, respectively. For 17 cases, aetiology and duration significantly impacted patient outcomes (P <0.05). Conclusion: Acute symptomatic status is the most common aetiology of CSE. A longer duration of CSE is associated with higher mortality and neurological disability. Prompt and appropriate management of CSE is essential. Furthermore, identifying and treating the underlying cause of CSE is a crucial step in reducing its duration and improving patient outcomes.
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Estado Epiléptico , Humanos , Estado Epiléptico/tratamiento farmacológico , Estado Epiléptico/etiología , Omán/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Preescolar , Niño , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Atención Terciaria de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactante , Diazepam/uso terapéutico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Objectives: This study aimed to report the complication rate associated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of mandibular condyle fractures in Oman. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients who underwent ORIF of mandibular condyle fractures at Al-Nahdha Hospital and the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Muscat, Oman, from January 2008 to December 2020. Data collected included patient demographics, fracture aetiology, fracture side and type, surgical approach and recorded complications and outcomes. Results: A total of 68 patients (59 males and 9 females; mean age of 30.1 years) with 83 mandibular condyle fractures underwent ORIF during the study period. Subcondylar fractures were the most common type, occurring in 62.7% of patients, while bilateral fractures were observed in 21 (30.8%) patients. The most common surgical approach was retromandibular, used in 42.2% of patients. The overall complication rate was 42.6%, with the most frequently reported complications being transient facial nerve palsy (18.1%), malocclusion (14.7%) and restricted mouth opening (10.3%). Subsequent surgical interventions to correct malocclusion were performed in 6 cases. There was no statistically significant association between the overall complication rate and the patients' clinical characteristics. Conclusion: Although ORIF of mandibular condyle fractures generally offers favourable outcomes, it carries a risk of complications.
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Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Cóndilo Mandibular , Fracturas Mandibulares , Reducción Abierta , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Humanos , Omán/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Fracturas Mandibulares/cirugía , Fracturas Mandibulares/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/estadística & datos numéricos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/efectos adversos , Cóndilo Mandibular/lesiones , Cóndilo Mandibular/cirugía , Reducción Abierta/métodos , Reducción Abierta/estadística & datos numéricos , Reducción Abierta/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Estudios de CohortesRESUMEN
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between internet addiction and dietary habits among Omani junior college students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman, among junior college students surveyed in November 2020. The Compulsive Internet Use Scale and a dietary habits questionnaire were used. Chi-square cross-tabulation analyses were used to explore the relationship between internet addiction and dietary habits. Results: A total of 377 students were included in this study. Overall, 59.9% of the junior college students were identified as having an internet addiction. Within this group, 62.8% reported reduced meal sizes and 54.4% reported a decrease in appetite. There was a statistically significant difference in both meal size (X2 = 30.528; P <0.001) and appetite changes (X2 = 28.731; P <0.001) among students with different levels of internet addiction. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest a possible link between internet addiction and altered dietary habits among this population. This study highlights the need for strategies that encourage healthy living behaviours and raise awareness about the adverse effects of internet addiction.
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Conducta Alimentaria , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet , Estudiantes , Humanos , Omán/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/psicología , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet/epidemiología , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet/psicología , Adolescente , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven , Universidades/estadística & datos numéricos , Internet/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Adictiva/epidemiología , Conducta Adictiva/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Misuse and overuse of antibiotics comprise leading causes of antimicrobial resistance. The study aims to assess the pattern of antibiotic prescription among primary healthcare general practitioners in the South Batinah Governorate of Oman. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 600 antibiotic prescriptions issued in the South Batinah Governorate in 2019 was conducted to verify the triggering diagnoses and determine the appropriateness of the prescribed antibiotic. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between predictors and inappropriate use. RESULTS: Respiratory infections accounted for 62% of antibiotic prescriptions, of which 92.2% were inappropriately prescribed. Extended-spectrum antibiotics were inappropriately prescribed in 33.3% of cystitis cases, while 14.3% of gastroenteritis received incorrect spectrum of antibiotics. Amoxicillin represented 46.2% of antibiotic prescriptions, of which 84.4% were unnecessarily prescribed. Lower inappropriate antibiotic prescribing rate was linked to patients ≥ 18 years (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: [0.26, 0.82]), those who underwent laboratory tests (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: [0.12, 0.39]), and consultations at health centers (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: [0.24, 0.79]). Arabic-speaking physicians were more likely to prescribe antibiotics inappropriately. CONCLUSION: Inappropriate antibiotic prescription was frequently observed in mild respiratory infections and associated with specific patient and physician characteristics. Appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions issued can be improved through enhanced testing capacities as well as implementation of physician and community awareness campaigns.
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Antibacterianos , Médicos Generales , Prescripción Inadecuada , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Atención Primaria de Salud , Humanos , Omán/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Prescripción Inadecuada/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Femenino , Atención Primaria de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Médicos Generales/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Prescripciones de Medicamentos/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Heart failure (HF) is a global epidemic with a prevalence of over 64.3 million cases worldwide. Several factors account for the increase in the prevalence of HF. The most significant factor is the growing population of older adults. Other factors include improved treatment and survival after myocardial infarction, poorly controlled hypertension (HTN), and diabetes mellitus (DM). As a modifiable construct, perceived control can be improved to promote healthier lifestyle choices, such as self-care, and consequently better health outcomes. A person's perception of control is their conviction that they have the power to deal with adverse circumstances, like receiving an HF diagnosis, and produce favorable results, such as an improvement in symptom status. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing perceived control attitudes among patients with heart failure in Oman. In this sample of HF patients (N = 180), the mean perceived control attitude was 16.97 ± 2.25. Certain factors had higher effects than others. For example, females (p = 0.006), old age (p < 0.001), those who smoke (p < 0.001), current health compared to one year back (p < 0.001), higher ejection fraction (p = 0.008), and comorbidities (p = 0.026) have significant relationships with perceived control attitude. The perceived control attitude in this sample was found to be adequate. Female gender, old age, smoking, current health, higher EF, and comorbidities were the associated factors of a perceived control attitude. Thus, interventions targeting attitudes, barriers, and social support may improve perceived control. Clinicians should assess and manage perceived control to maintain or improve quality of life.
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Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/psicología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Omán/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , AdultoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in Oman. This study report the result of a community based screening campaign to promote the early detection and explore the associated risk factors of CRC amongst Omani population. METHODS: We launched a colorectal cancer awareness campaign in Oman's South Ash Sharqiyah Governorate between January and March, 2023. We conducted a stratified random study including 688 adult Omani participants aged over 40 years old. Local Health Centers collected the questionnaire forms. Fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) were carried out at Local Health Centers; while medical professionals performed the colonoscopy examination in Sur University Hospital. RESULTS: Overall, the screening response rate was 68.8%. The data indicated that 8.1% of the total sample yielded positive FOBTs; of whom, 85.7% were aged 40-59 years old and 67.9% were obese or overweight. Abnormal colonoscopy was reported in 7 participants. One participant had a confirmed CRC of stage I. CONCLUSION: Screening and early detection campaign can have effect and increase the rate of early detection among population in Oman.
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Colonoscopía , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Sangre Oculta , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/prevención & control , Masculino , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Omán/epidemiología , Adulto , Colonoscopía/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Pronóstico , Anciano , Estudios de Seguimiento , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Promoción de la Salud/métodosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: To estimate the impact of reducing obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity (PIA) prevalence, and of introducing physical activity (PA) as an explicit intervention, on the prevalence, incidence, and mortality of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Oman. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A deterministic population-level mathematical model was employed to investigate the impact of different scenarios for reducing T2DM risk factors on T2DM epidemiology. The model was stratified by sex, age group, risk factor status, T2DM status, and intervention status and parameterized with nationally representative data. Intervention scenarios were calculated and compared with a baseline (no-intervention) scenario for changes in T2DM prevalence, incidence, and mortality among adult Omanis between 2020 and 2050. RESULTS: In the no-intervention scenario, T2DM prevalence increased from 15.2% in 2020 to 23.8% in 2050. Achieving the goals of halting the rise of obesity, reducing smoking by 30%, and reducing PIA by 10% as outlined in the WHO's Global Action Plan for Non-communicable Diseases (implemented between 2020 and 2030 and then maintained between 2031 and 2050) would reduce T2DM prevalence by 32.2%, cumulative incidence by 31.3%, and related deaths by 19.3% by 2050. Halting the rise of or reducing obesity prevalence by 10%-50% would reduce T2DM prevalence by 33.0%-51.3%, cumulative incidence by 31.9%-53.0%, and related deaths by 19.5%-35.6%. Reducing smoking or PIA prevalence by 10%-50% would lead to smaller reductions of less than 5% in T2DM prevalence, cumulative incidence, and related deaths. Introducing PA with varying intensities at a 25% coverage would reduce T2DM prevalence by 4.9%-14.1%, cumulative incidence by 4.8%-13.8%, and related deaths by 3.4%-9.6% by 2050. CONCLUSIONS: Intervention-for-prevention efforts targeting obesity reduction and introducing PA could result in major reductions in the T2DM burden. Prioritizing such interventions could alleviate the burden of T2DM in Oman and other countries with similarly high T2DM and obesity burdens.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Ejercicio Físico , Modelos Teóricos , Obesidad , Conducta Sedentaria , Fumar , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Omán/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Prevalencia , Adulto , Fumar/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Incidencia , Factores de Riesgo , Anciano , Costo de Enfermedad , Estudios de Seguimiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is a need for healthcare providers to develop life-story review interventions to enhance the mental well-being and quality of life of older adults. The primary aim of this study is to examine the effects of telling their life stories and creating a life-story book intervention on QoL, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction in a group of older adults in Oman. METHODS: A repeated-measures randomized controlled design was conducted in Oman. A total of 75 older adults (response rate = 40.1%) were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 38) or control (n = 37) groups. Demographic data were collected as the baseline. Depression, life satisfaction, and quality of life scores were collected from each participant at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8. RESULTS: Their average age is 67.3 ± 5.5 years (range 60-82 years). There are more women (n = 50, 66.7%) than men. Over the 8 weeks, the intervention group exhibited a notable decrease in depression (intervention: 2.5 ± 1.2 vs. control: 5.3 ± 2.1, p < .001) but an increase in life satisfaction (24.6 ± 3.1 vs. 21.9 ± 6.1, p < .001) and quality of life (physical: 76.2 ± 12.7 vs. 53.6 ± 15.5, p < .001; psychological: 76.4 ± 12.1 vs. 59.9 ± 21.5, p < .001; Social relation: 78.3 ± 11.7 vs. 61.8 ± 16.6, p < .001; environment: 70.8 ± 10.2 vs. 58.6 ± 16.1, p < .001) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The life-story review intervention proved effective in diminishing depression and boosting life satisfaction and quality of life among the older sample within the 8-week study. Healthcare providers can apply such interventions to improve older adults' mental health and well-being.
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Depresión , Satisfacción Personal , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Masculino , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Femenino , Anciano , Omán/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/terapia , Depresión/epidemiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Objectives: Cranioplasty is a complex craniofacial and neurosurgical procedure that aims to reinstate the architecture of the cranial vault and elevate both its aesthetic and neurological function. Several reconstructive materials have been thoroughly explored in the search for the optimal solution for cranioplasty. This study aimed to evaluate different material used for cranial reconstruction in Oman. Methods: This retrospective study included all patients who had had cranioplasty procedures performed at Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Oman, from 2012 to 2022. Demographic information, the characteristics of the cranial defect and any complications that occurred post-operatively were analysed. Results: A total of 47 patients were included in this study. The most common cause of cranial defects was craniectomy following traumatic head injury (70.2%) along with excision of fibrous dysplasia (10.6%). The most frequently utilised material for cranial repair was autologous bone grafts (n = 28), followed by polyetheretherketone (PEEK; n = 14). Interestingly, the replacement of bone grafts from previous craniectomy showed a notably high resorption rate (71.4%), in contrast to split calvarial grafts (0%) and other types of bone grafts (14.3%). Additionally, delayed graft infection was observed in 3.6% of the bone graft group and 7.1% of the PEEK group. Conclusion: Patient-specific alloplastic implants such as PEEK have gained popularity for large and complex cranioplasty, as they provide excellent aesthetic outcomes and leave no donor site morbidity. In contrast, bone grafts remain the gold standard for small to medium-sized cranial defects.
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Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Humanos , Omán/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Cráneo/cirugía , Niño , Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Trasplante Óseo/estadística & datos numéricos , Polímeros/uso terapéutico , Benzofenonas , Anciano , PreescolarRESUMEN
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the variables that influenced a sample of Omani mothers' support for mandatory COVID-19 vaccines for children. The vaccination against COVID-19 averted millions of fatalities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, a considerable number of parents and caregivers opposed mandating COVID-19 vaccines for children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at several healthcare facilities in Oman using a structured questionnaire between February and March 2022. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse the data. Results: A total of 700 Omani mothers (response rate = 73.4%) who had children aged 5-11 years old were included. The median age of the mothers was 38 ± 5.19 years. The results of multivariable logistic regression were generally consistent with those of the univariable analysis except for age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58-1.93; P = 0.86) and income (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.58-2.03; P = 0.79). Mothers who were vaccine hesitant (OR = 9.82, 95% CI: 5.27-18.28; P <0.001), tested positive for COVID-19 (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.80-5.86; P <0.001) and had one or two doses of COVID-19 vaccines (OR = 5.41, 95% CI: 2.92-10.03; P <0.001) were more likely to refuse mandating COVID-19 vaccines for children 5-11 years old. Conclusion: Mothers who were vaccine hesitant, tested positive for COVID-19 and had one or two doses of COVID-19 vaccines were more likely to oppose mandatory COVID-19 vaccines for young children. The findings should aid public health authorities in designing future childhood vaccine literacy programmes with specific attention to some subgroups in Oman to help reduce opposition to vaccines in future pandemics among mothers.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Madres , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Omán/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Madres/psicología , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , Adulto , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Masculino , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicologíaRESUMEN
Objectives: This study aimed to report the demographic features, clinical presentation, pathological types and long-term outcomes of patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) in Oman. EC is the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide and the fifth most common cancer in women in Oman. Survival outcomes of EC have not been reported previously from Oman. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on consecutive patients treated at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, between 2008 and 2020. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan and Meier method. Results: A total of 50 patients with EC were included. The median age was 61 years (range: 31-86 years), and 72% of the patients had type I histology. Most patients were diagnosed with stage IA and IB EC (49% and 20%, respectively), and the majority had grade 1 or 2 tumours (40% and 34%, respectively). Overall, the 5-year survival and 10-year survival rates were estimated to be 70% and 56%, respectively. Weight (>75 kg) and body mass index (>30 kg/m2) were significantly associated with better survival. Tumour histology (type I versus type II or carcinosarcoma), grade (1 versus 2 versus 3) and stage (IA or IB versus II-IV) were associated with better overall survival (P = 0.007, P <0.0001 and P <0.0003, respectively). Patients diagnosed with EC with co-morbidities, other than obesity, had inferior survival compared to those without co-morbidities. Conclusion: Median age at presentation, histological sub-type, clinical stage and outcomes are comparable to the published literature. Almost two-thirds of the patients were obese. These data could be used as a benchmark for outcomes of EC in the region.
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Neoplasias Endometriales , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Neoplasias Endometriales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Endometriales/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Omán/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estadificación de Neoplasias/métodos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Estimación de Kaplan-MeierRESUMEN
Objectives: This study aimed to report any suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) experienced by all vaccinated staff and students in a tertiary teaching hospital following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign at Sultan Qaboos University and Hospital in Muscat, Oman, from August to September 2021. An online survey was generated and sent to all staff and students via email and text messages. An announcement was made on the hospital website with a link to the survey. Results: A total of 8,421 individuals reported being vaccinated at least once with a total of 11,468 doses administered from January to July 2021; 8,014 staff and students received the Pfizer-Biotech vaccine while 3,454 staff and students received the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. The survey received a total of 3,275 responses (response rate = 38.8%). Of these, 741 individuals (22.6%) experienced an ADR after vaccination and 67.2% (n = 498) were females (P <0.001). The majority of the ADRs reported were fever and chills (19.7%) followed by localised pain and swelling at the injection site (18.8%). Other ADRs such as hair loss (0.5%) were reported, and one staff/student reported a clot in the right leg. Among the responders, 27.0% considered their ADRs as mild while 25.0% considered them as severe. Conclusions: In the study cohort, mild symptoms of COVID-19 vaccines were reported. Females experienced more ADRs compared to males. Long-term observation of ADRs to the vaccines and follow-up monitoring should be done on subjects to preclude any unwanted effects.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Sistemas de Registro de Reacción Adversa a Medicamentos/estadística & datos numéricos , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/efectos adversos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Hospitales Universitarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Omán/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence, presentation, frequency and management of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)-related endocrinopathies in a comprehensive cancer centre in Oman, particularly with programme death 1/programme death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors. BACKGROUND: A high number of patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for the management of solid tumours developed endocrinopathies. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of patients admitted to Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC) from August 2021 to December 2022. All adults diagnosed with solid cancers and have received at least one dose of ICIs were included. Patients with incomplete data were excluded from the analysis. Data regarding the ICI-induced endocrinopathy were collected. RESULTS: A total of 139 patients were included in the study of which 58% were females. The median age of the cohort was 56 years. The incidence of endocrine-related adverse events was 28%. The mean time for the development of endocrine adverse events after treatment initiation was 4.1 ± 2.8 months. Of the patients who developed toxicity, 90% had hypothyroidism. Ten patients developed hyperthyroidism, two patients were diagnosed with secondary adrenal insufficiency/hypophysitis and one patient developed Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Using univariable logistic regression weight and body mass index (BMI) significantly impacted the development of endocrine immune-related adverse events (irAEs). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study from the Sultanate of Oman to assess PD-1/PDL-1 ICI-induced endocrinopathies. The most common endocrine adverse event is thyroid dysfunction, mainly hypothyroidism followed by hyperthyroidism. Hypophysitis, primary adrenal insufficiency and CIADM occur less frequently, but have a more significant effect on the patient's health. The treating physician should be aware of ICI-induced endocrinopathies, screening and treatment. Furthermore, our study showed that patients with a higher BMI have a greater risk of developing irAES. Further studies are needed to establish the predictors of endocrine irAEs.
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Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Neoplasias , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/administración & dosificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Omán/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Incidencia , Instituciones Oncológicas , Hipotiroidismo/inducido químicamente , Hipotiroidismo/diagnósticoRESUMEN
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Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Humanos , Omán/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/patología , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/diagnóstico , Hospitales Universitarios , Auditoría Clínica , Femenino , Masculino , Carcinoma Papilar/patologíaRESUMEN
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) against nurses in Oman's psychiatric hospitals and explore associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2021 and included all tertiary mental healthcare hospitals in Oman (Al Masarra Hospital and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman). The participants completed a sociodemographic survey and a questionnaire on WPV in the health sector. Results: A total of 106 participants (response rate = 80.3%) were included in this study. Most were female (52.8%) and Omani (72.6%) and aged 30-39 years. WPV prevalence was high (90.6%), with verbal (86.8%) and physical violence (57.5%) being the most common types. WPV incidents were more frequent on weekdays (26.4%) and during morning shifts (34%), while 81.1% of the nurses worked in shifts and had direct physical contact with patients (83.0%). The majority (92.5%) were aware of standardised WPV reporting procedures and 89.7% confirmed the presence of such procedures in hospitals. WPV was more prevalent among nurses in inpatient wards (P = 0.047). Conclusion: WPV against nurses in Omani psychiatric hospitals is alarmingly high. Future studies should investigate contributing factors among healthcare providers and emphasise violence prevention by providing staff nurses with effective training to handle violent incidents involving psychiatric patients.
Asunto(s)
Hospitales Psiquiátricos , Violencia Laboral , Humanos , Omán/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Masculino , Violencia Laboral/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia Laboral/psicología , Adulto , Hospitales Psiquiátricos/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/psicología , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/psicologíaRESUMEN
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the rate and severity patterns of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and identify antenatal and postnatal factors associated with BPD in preterm infants <32 weeks of gestational age (GA). Methods: This retrospective observational study included preterm neonates <32 weeks of gestation admitted into the neonatal intensive care unit between January 2010 and December 2017 at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman. A data set of antenatal and perinatal factors were collected. BPD was defined as the need for oxygen and/or respiratory support at 36 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA). Infants with and without BPD were compared in their antenatal and perinatal factors. Results: A total of 589 preterm infants <32 weeks were admitted. Among them, 505 (85.7%) survived to 36 weeks' PMA and 90 (17.8%) had BPD. The combined BPD and mortality rate was 28.4%. Grades 1, 2 and 3 BPD constituted 77.8%, 7.8% and 14.4%, respectively. BPD was associated with lower GA, lower birth weight, need for intubation at resuscitation, lower Apgar scores, longer duration of ventilation, surfactant therapy and higher rates of neonatal morbidities. On binary logistic regression analysis, predictors of BPD were longer duration of ventilation, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Conclusion: In an Omani centre, 17.8% of preterm infants (<32 weeks GA) developed BPD. Various perinatal and neonatal factors were associated with BPD. However, longer duration of ventilation, IVH grades 1 and 2 and NEC stages II and III were significant predictors. Future multicentre research is necessary to provide the overall prevalence of BPD in Oman to help optimise the resources for BPD prevention and management in preterm infants.
Asunto(s)
Displasia Broncopulmonar , Edad Gestacional , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Humanos , Omán/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Recién Nacido , Femenino , Displasia Broncopulmonar/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Prevalencia , Masculino , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal/organización & administración , Centros de Atención Terciaria/organización & administración , Centros de Atención Terciaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Embarazo , LactanteRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This research aims to investigate the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics, mortality rates, survival rates and the rate of malignancy in patients diagnosed with inflammatory myopathies (IIM) in Oman. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study, that covered a span of 16 years at eight rheumatology centres in Oman. The study included all adults and paediatric patients diagnosed with different types of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and who fulfil either the Bohan classification criteria or the 2017 EULAR/ACR classification criteria. RESULTS: The study included a total of 116 patient with an average age of 38.78 (±17.61 SD) years. The most prevalent form of myositis was found to be dermatomyositis (DM) 48 (41.38%), followed by polymyositis (PM) 36 (31.03%) and juvenile myositis (JDM) 18(15.52%). However, inclusion body myositis and necrotising myopathy were relatively rare conditions. The prevalence rates for DM, PM and JDM were determined as 2.2, 2.2, and 1.14 per 100,000 population respectively. Cardiac complications were observed in 14.66% of cases. Among the individuals studied, a history of malignancy was present in around 1.72% of cases. ANA antibodies were present in 71.55% of the cases, anti-Jo 1 and anti-RNP/SM antibodies were detected in 8.62%, and Anti-Ro antibodies in 24.14%. The overall mortality rate was found to be 6.90% with a rate of 11.1% among JDM cases. The five-year survival rates for PM, DM and JDM were found to be 94.4%, 91.7% and 89.0% respectively. These rates decline over a 10-year period to 67%, 69% and 83.3% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the prevalence, mortality, and survival rates of IIM in Oman. Patients with JDM had a higher mortality rate. This underscores the significance of using novel healthcare strategies to improve clinical outcomes and meet special requirements for this group of patients.
Asunto(s)
Miositis , Humanos , Omán/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Miositis/mortalidad , Miositis/epidemiología , Miositis/diagnóstico , Estudios Longitudinales , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Niño , Anciano , Tasa de Supervivencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Pronóstico , Polimiositis/epidemiología , Polimiositis/mortalidad , Polimiositis/diagnóstico , Dermatomiositis/mortalidad , Dermatomiositis/epidemiología , Dermatomiositis/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aims to investigate the incidence of invasive GBS disease among infants less than 90 days old in Oman and to describe their risk factors, clinical presentations and clinical outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively collected the data of less than 90-day-old Omani infants with culture-positive GBS from sterile samples. This study was conducted in 3 tertiary hospitals in Oman from 2009 to 2018. RESULTS: Over 10 years, we identified 92 cases of culture-confirmed invasive GBS infection from 178,285 live births in the 3 hospitals, giving an overall incidence of 0.53 per 1000 live births [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4-0.7)]. Of those, 59 (64.1%) had early-onset neonatal GBS disease and 33 (35.9%) had late-onset neonatal GBS disease. The incidence of invasive GBS disease was significantly higher in the last 5 years from 2014 to 2018 (0.69 per 1000 live births, 95% CI: 0.5-0.9) compared to the previous years from 2009 to 2013 (0.36 per 1000 live births, 95% CI: 0.2â0.5), ( P = 0.004). Infants with late-onset neonatal GBS disease had a higher risk of meningitis compared to infants with early-onset neonatal GBS disease (30.3% vs. 10.2%, P = 0.021). The mortality rate was 13.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of invasive GBS disease in Oman is similar to what was reported worldwide, however, the burden of the disease in terms of mortality is high. In addition, a significant increase in the annual incidence of invasive GBS disease in Omani infants was found over the study period.