RESUMEN
Nutraceutical interventions supporting microbiota and eliciting clinical improvements in metabolic diseases have grown significantly. Chronic stress, gut dysbiosis, and metainflammation have emerged as key factors intertwined with sleep disorders, consequently exacerbating the decline in quality of life. This study aimed to assess the effects of two nutraceutical formulations containing prebiotics (fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), yeast ß-glucans), minerals (Mg, Se, Zn), and the herbal medicine Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., Asteraceae (Milk thistle or Silymarin). These formulations, namely NSupple (without silymarin) and NSupple_Silybum (with silymarin) were tested over 180 days in overweight/obese volunteers from Brazil's southeastern region. We accessed fecal gut microbiota by partial 16S rRNA sequences; cytokines expression by CBA; anthropometrics, quality of life and sleep, as well as metabolic and hormonal parameters, at baseline (T0) and 180 days (T180) post-supplementation. Results demonstrated gut microbiota reshaping at phyla, genera, and species level post-supplementation. The Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroides, and Prevotella genera were positively modulated especially in the NSupple_Silybum group. Gut microbiota modulation was associated with improved sleep patterns, quality-of-life perception, cytokines expression, and anthropometric parameters post-supplementation. Our findings suggest that the nutraceutical blends positively enhance cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers. Particularly, NSupple_Silybum modulated microbiota composition, underscoring its potential significance in ameliorating metabolic dysregulation. Clinical trial registry number: NCT04810572. 23/03/2021.
Asunto(s)
Citocinas , Suplementos Dietéticos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Brasil , Femenino , Método Doble Ciego , Adulto , Citocinas/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prebióticos/administración & dosificación , Heces/microbiología , Silimarina/farmacología , Minerales/farmacología , Obesidad/microbiología , Oligosacáridos/farmacología , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation can stimulate beneficial intestinal bacteria growth, but little is known about its influence on training performance. Therefore, this study analyzed FOS and exercise effects on gut microbiota and intestinal morphology of C57Bl/6 mice. METHODS: Forty male mice were divided into four groups: standard diet-sedentary (SDS), standard diet-exercised (SDE), FOS supplemented (7.5% FOS)-sedentary (FDS), and FOS supplemented-exercised (FDE), n = 10 each group. Exercise training consisted of 60 min/day, 3 days/week, for 12 weeks. RESULTS: SDE and FDE groups had an increase in aerobic performance compared to the pretraining period and SDS and FDS groups (P < 0.01), respectively. Groups with FOS increased colonic crypts size (P < 0.05). The FDE group presented rich microbiota (α-diversity) compared to other groups. The FDE group also acquired a greater microbial abundance (ß-diversity) than other groups. The FDE group had a decrease in the Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.002) and an increase in Roseburia (P < 0.003), Enterorhabdus (P < 0.004) and Anaerotruncus (P < 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that aerobic exercise associated with FOS supplementation modulates gut microbiota and can increase colonic crypt size without improving endurance exercise performance.
Asunto(s)
Colon , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Oligosacáridos , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Oligosacáridos/farmacología , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Colon/microbiología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ratones , Entrenamiento AeróbicoRESUMEN
The search for promising biomolecules such as chitooligosaccharides (COS) has increased due to the need for healing products that act efficiently, avoiding complications resulting from exacerbated inflammation. Therefore, this study aimed to produce COS in two stages of hydrolysis using chitosanases derived from Bacillus toyonensis. Additionally, this study aimed to structurally characterize the COS via mass spectrometry, to analyze their biocompatibility in acute toxicity models in vivo, to evaluate their healing action in a cell migration model in vitro, to analyze the anti-inflammatory activity in in vivo models of xylol-induced ear edema and zymosan-induced air pouch, and to assess the wound repair action in vivo. The structural characterization process pointed out the presence of hexamers. The in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of COS was reaffirmed. The COS stimulated the fibroblast migration. In the in vivo inflammatory assays, COS showed an antiedematogenic response and significant reductions in leukocyte migration, cytokine release, and protein exudate. The COS healing effect in vivo was confirmed by the significant wound reduction after seven days of the experiment. These results indicated that the presence of hexamers influences the COS biological properties, which have potential uses in the pharmaceutical field due to their healing and anti-inflammatory action.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Materiales Biocompatibles/administración & dosificación , Quitosano/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades del Oído/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Células 3T3 , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Bacillus/enzimología , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Quitosano/química , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Enfermedades del Oído/inducido químicamente , Edema/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Glicósido Hidrolasas/química , Hidrólisis , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Oligosacáridos/químicaRESUMEN
Constipation is a frequent problem in children. We evaluated the effect of a mixture (polydextrose [PDX] and fructooligosaccharide [FOS]) in children with constipation. We performed a prospective interventional study with a mixture (PDX 4.17 g and FOS 0.45 g) in a daily dose of food supplement. The intervention lasted 45 days, with visits at 15, 30, and 45 days after administration. The sample comprised 105 patients, of whom 77 completed the intervention. A statistically significant reduction in the frequency of symptoms was observed at the end of the study. The frequency of children with fewer than three bowel movements per week dropped from 59.7% to 11.7%, and there was a decrease in the frequency of Bristol type 1 and 2 dry stools (68.8% to 7.8%), pain on defecation (79.2% to 10.4%), and fear of defecation (68.8% to 3.9%). The proportion of children with abdominal pain symptoms decreased from 84.2% to 2.6% at the end of the study. A relevant limitation of the present study was the lack of a control group treated with placebo. The administration of the PDX/FOS mixture was accompanied by a significant reduction in the frequency of constipation symptoms of the children evaluated. The tolerability was very good, and the rate of adverse effects was low.
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Estreñimiento/dietoterapia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Glucanos/uso terapéutico , Oligosacáridos/uso terapéutico , Niño , Preescolar , Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Fibras de la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Glucanos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Masculino , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in its cardiovascular complications. One of the approaches proposed to decrease IS is the administration of synbiotics. This work aimed to search for a probiotic strain capable to decrease serum IS levels and mix it with two prebiotics (inulin and fructooligosaccharide (FOS)) to produce a putative synbiotic and test it in a rat CKD model. Two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were nephrectomized. One group (Lac) received the mixture for 16 weeks in drinking water and the other no (Nef). A control group (C) included sham-nephrectomized rats. Serum creatinine and IS concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Optical microscopy and two-photon excitation microscopy was used to study kidney and heart samples. The Lac group, which received the synbiotic, reduced IS by 0.8% while the Nef group increased it by 38.8%. Histological analysis of kidneys showed that the Lac group increased fibrotic areas by 12% and the Nef group did it by 25%. The synbiotic did not reduce cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, the putative synbiotic showed that function reducing IS and the progression of CKD in a rat model, but no heart protection was observed.
Asunto(s)
Cardiopatías/terapia , Indicán/sangre , Inulina/administración & dosificación , Riñón/metabolismo , Lactobacillus delbrueckii/fisiología , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Simbióticos , Toxinas Biológicas/sangre , Animales , Creatinina/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Fibrosis , Cardiopatías/sangre , Cardiopatías/microbiología , Cardiopatías/patología , Riñón/patología , Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocardio/patología , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/sangre , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/microbiología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that fermentable fiber prevents Salmonella typhimurium infection-associated symptoms by enhancing innate and adaptive immune system in neonatal pigs. METHODS: Two-d-old piglets (n=120) were randomized to receive either a nutritionally complete sow milk replacer formula (CON), or supplemented with methylcellulose (MCEL-non-fermentable), soy polysaccharides (SPS-moderately fermentable), or fructooligosaccharides (FOS-highly fermentable). On d7, piglets received an oral gavage of S. typhimurium-798, and continued receiving the same diets up to 48h post-infection. Ileal mucosal samples were obtained for further analyses. RESULTS: A reduction in chloride secretion was observed in FOS when compared to other diets (p<0.0003). The number of ileal sulfo-acidomucins was higher (p<0.05) in FOS before infection compared with other diets. NFkB was inhibited in FOS following infection (p<0.05), when compared with CON. IL-1ß expression was increased at 4h post-infection (p<0.05) in CON; however, this response was attenuated in the fiber groups. IL-6 expression was higher (p<0.05) in CON post- infection, higher in SPS at 24h (p<0.05), but unchanged in MCEL and FOS when compared to pre-infection values. FOS had a higher expression of neutrophil-chemoattractant IL-8 before infection (p<0.05) compared to other groups. CONCLUSION: The reduction in chloride secretion, proinflammatory cytokines expression and NFkB activation, and increased number of sulfo-acidomucins, and IL-8 expression in the fiber groups, indicates that the degree of fermentability impacts the innate and adaptive immune system, and could be the mechanisms by which dietary fibers reduce S. typhimurium infection-associated-symptoms in neonatal pigs and apply these results to infants.
Asunto(s)
Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Fermentación , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por Salmonella/prevención & control , Inmunidad Adaptativa/inmunología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Citocinas/inmunología , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Inmunidad Innata/inmunología , Metilcelulosa/administración & dosificación , Metilcelulosa/farmacología , Oligosacáridos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Distribución Aleatoria , Infecciones por Salmonella/inmunología , Salmonella typhimurium/aislamiento & purificación , Glycine max/química , PorcinosRESUMEN
Maternal bacteria are shared with infants via breastfeeding. Prebiotics modulate the gut microbiota, promoting health benefits. We investigated whether the maternal diet supplementation with a prebiotic (fructooligosaccharides, FOS) could influence the milk microbiota. Twenty-eight lactating women received 4.5 g of fructooligosaccharides + 2 g of maltodextrin (FOS group) and twenty-five received 2 g of maltodextrin (placebo group) for 20 days. Breast-milk samples were taken before and after the intervention. The DNA from samples was used for 16S rRNA sequencing. No statistical differences between the groups were found for the bacterial genera after the intervention. However, the distances of the trajectories covered by paired samples from the beginning to the end of the supplementation were higher for the FOS group (p = 0.0007) indicating greater changes in milk microbiota compared to the control group. Linear regression models suggested that the maternal age influenced the response for FOS supplementation (p = 0.02). Interestingly, the pattern of changes to genus abundance upon supplementation was not shared between mothers. We demonstrated that manipulating the human milk microbiota through prebiotics is possible, and the maternal age can affect this response. .
Asunto(s)
Lactancia Materna , Suplementos Dietéticos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Edad Materna , Leche Humana/microbiología , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Polisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Prebióticos/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Método Simple Ciego , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The white leg Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp is of importance to the eastern Pacific fisheries and aquaculture industry but suffer from diseases such as the recently emerged early mortality syndrome. Many bacterial pathogens have been identified but the L. vannamei microbiota is still poorly known. Using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach, this work evaluated the impact of the inclusion in the diet of mannan oligosaccharide, (MOS, 0.5% w/w), over the L. vannamei microbiota and production behavior of L. vannamei under intensive cultivation in Ecuador. The MOS supplementation lasted for 60 days, after which the shrimp in the ponds were harvested, and the production data were collected. MOS improved productivity outcomes by increasing shrimp survival by 30%. NGS revealed quantitative differences in the shrimp microbiota between MOS and control conditions. In the treatment with inclusion of dietary MOS, the predominant phylum was Actinobacteria (28%); while the control group was dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria (30%). MOS has also been linked to an increased prevalence of Lactococcus- and Verrucomicrobiaceae-like bacteria. Furthermore, under the treatment of MOS, the prevalence of potential opportunistic pathogens, like Vibrio, Aeromonas, Bergeyella and Shewanella, was negligible. This may be attributable to MOS blocking the adhesion of pathogens to the surfaces of the host tissues. Together, these findings point to the fact that the performance (survival) improvements of the dietary MOS may be linked to the impact on the microbiota, since bacterial lines with pathogenic potential towards shrimps were excluded in the gut.
Asunto(s)
Actinobacteria/fisiología , Acuicultura/métodos , Mananos/administración & dosificación , Microbiota , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Penaeidae/microbiología , Actinobacteria/clasificación , Actinobacteria/aislamiento & purificación , Aeromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Aeromonas/patogenicidad , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Adhesión Bacteriana , Ecuador , Flavobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Flavobacteriaceae/patogenicidad , Lactococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Lactococcus/fisiología , Longevidad/fisiología , Proteobacteria/clasificación , Proteobacteria/aislamiento & purificación , Proteobacteria/fisiología , Alimentos Marinos/microbiología , Alimentos Marinos/provisión & distribución , Shewanella/aislamiento & purificación , Shewanella/patogenicidad , Verrucomicrobia/clasificación , Verrucomicrobia/aislamiento & purificación , Verrucomicrobia/fisiología , Vibrio/aislamiento & purificación , Vibrio/patogenicidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Acute ruminal acidosis (ARA) is a metabolic disease of cattle characterized by an aseptic synovitis. ARA is the result of an increased intake of highly fermentable carbohydrates that frequently occurs in dairy cattle subjected to high production requirements. In human joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout, several pro-inflammatory molecules are increased in the synovial fluid, including cytokines, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), metalloproteinases, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The aim of this study was to identify the presence of proinflammatory mediators and neutrophils in the synovial fluid of heifers with ARA, induced by an oligofructose overload. Five heifers were challenged with an oligofructose overload (13 g/kg BW) dissolved in water. As a control, a similar vehicle volume was used in four heifers. Synovial fluid samples were collected from the tarso-crural joint and PGE2, IL-6, IL-1ß, ATP, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, glucose, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cellular free DNA, NETs, and serpin B1 were analyzed at 0, 9, and 24 h post treatment. RESULTS: At 9 h post oligofructose overload, an increase of IL-1ß, IL-6, PGE2, serpin B1 and LDH was detected in the joints when compared to the control group. At 24 h, the synovial fluid was yellowish, viscous, turbid, and contained abundant neutrophils. An increase of DNA-backbone-like traps, histone 3 (H3cit), aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps (aggNETs), and serpin B1 were observed 24 h post treatment. Furthermore, albumins, LDH, ATP, MMP-9, IL-6, and IL-1ß were increased after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: The overall results indicate that IL-1ß, IL-6 and PGE2, were the earliest proinflammatory parameters that increased in the synovial fluid of animals with ARA. Furthermore, the most sever inflammatory response in the joint was observed after 24 h and could be associated with a massive presence of neutrophils and release of aggNETs.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/metabolismo , Líquido Sinovial/citología , Sinovitis/veterinaria , Acidosis/inducido químicamente , Acidosis/patología , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Femenino , Neutrófilos/patología , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Rumen/química , Líquido Sinovial/química , Sinovitis/inducido químicamente , Sinovitis/patologíaRESUMEN
Objetivou-se analisar o comportamento fermentativo da cultura Lactobacillus plantarum CNPC 003 em leite de cabra em quatro tratamentos por 6 horas: T1 L. plantarum CNPC 003; T2 L. plantarum + oliogofrutose (FOS); T3 L. plantarum + Streptococcus thermophilus; T4 com L. plantarum + S. thermophilus + FOS. Os tratamentos estudados diferiram significativamente entre si em relação à acidez e ao pH após 6h de fermentação (p<0,05), tendo sido verificada uma influência positiva do uso de S. thermophilus e da adição de FOS sobre esses parâmetros. Do mesmo modo, a presença de FOS melhorou a viabilidade dos microrganismos estudados após 6h de fermentação. A utilização de S. thermophilus e de FOS é uma alternativa viável para o uso em leites fermentados contendo a cepa nativa L. plantarum CNPC 003.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Lactobacillus plantarum/química , Leche/química , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Oligosacáridos/efectos adversos , Streptococcus thermophilus , Acidificación , Alimentos Fermentados , CabrasRESUMEN
Objetivou-se analisar o comportamento fermentativo da cultura Lactobacillus plantarum CNPC 003 em leite de cabra em quatro tratamentos por 6 horas: T1 L. plantarum CNPC 003; T2 L. plantarum + oliogofrutose (FOS); T3 L. plantarum + Streptococcus thermophilus; T4 com L. plantarum + S. thermophilus + FOS. Os tratamentos estudados diferiram significativamente entre si em relação à acidez e ao pH após 6h de fermentação (p<0,05), tendo sido verificada uma influência positiva do uso de S. thermophilus e da adição de FOS sobre esses parâmetros. Do mesmo modo, a presença de FOS melhorou a viabilidade dos microrganismos estudados após 6h de fermentação. A utilização de S. thermophilus e de FOS é uma alternativa viável para o uso em leites fermentados contendo a cepa nativa L. plantarum CNPC 003.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Oligosacáridos/efectos adversos , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Leche/química , Lactobacillus plantarum/química , Streptococcus thermophilus , Cabras , Alimentos Fermentados , AcidificaciónRESUMEN
Acute ruminal acidosis (ARA) is the result of increased intake of highly fermentable carbohydrates, which frequently occurs in dairy cattle and is associated with aseptic polysynovitis. To characterise the metabolic changes in the joints of animals with ARA, we performed an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic analysis of synovial fluid. Seven heifers were challenged with an intraruminal oligofructose overload (13 g/kg of body weight [BW]) dissolved in water. Synovial fluid samples were collected at 0, 9 and 24 h post-overload. Metabolome analysis revealed the presence of 67 metabolites. At 9 h post-overload, glyceric acid, cellobiose, fructose and lactic acid were all increased, whereas at 24 h, sorbitol, lactic acid and fructose levels were all increased >10-fold. At 24 h, citric acid and threonine levels were significantly reduced. We detected increased L- and D-lactate, and the presence of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in synovial fluid. Furthermore, using bovine fibroblast-like synoviocytes, we observed that D-lactate induces IL-6 synthesis. Our results suggest that ARA produces severe metabolomic changes in synovial fluid, including disturbances in starch and sucrose metabolism, and increased lactate levels. These changes were observed prior to the appearance of synovitis, suggesting a potential role in the onset of polysynovitis.
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Acidosis/metabolismo , Rumen/metabolismo , Líquido Sinovial/metabolismo , Sinovitis/metabolismo , Animales , Bovinos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Femenino , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/administración & dosificación , Metabolómica , Neutrófilos/patología , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Microbial-derived uremic toxins, p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), indoxyl sulfate (IS) and indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), have been associated with the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Prebiotics have emerged as an alternative to modulate the gut environment and to attenuate toxin production. This trial aims to investigate the effect of a prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on uremic toxins of non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) patients. METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was conducted for 3 months. In all, 50 nondiabetic NDD-CKD patients [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <45 mL/min/1.73 m2], aged 18-80 years, were allocated to prebiotic (FOS, 12 g/day) or placebo (maltodextrin, 12 g/day) groups. Primary outcomes were changes in serum (total and free) and urinary (total) PCS. Secondary outcomes included changes in IS, IAA, serum markers of intestinal permeability (zonulin), gut-trophic factors (epidermal growth factor and glucagon-like peptide-2), eGFR, inflammation (high sensitive c-reactive protein and interleukin-6), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, lipid profile and gastrointestinal symptoms. RESULTS: From 50 participants (54% men, 57.3 ± 14.6 years and eGFR 21.4 ± 7.6 mL/min/1.73 m2), 46 completed the follow-up. No changes in dietary intake or gastrointestinal symptoms were observed. There was a trend in the difference of serum total ΔPCS (treatment effect adjusted for baseline levels: -12.4 mg/L; 95% confidence interval (-5.6 to 0.9 mg/L; P = 0.07) and serum-free Δ%PCS [intervention -8.6 (-41.5 to 13.9%) versus placebo 3.5 (-28.8 to 85.5%); P = 0.07] between the groups. The trend in the difference of serum total ΔPCS was independent of eGFR and dietary protein:fiber ratio intake. No difference was found in urinary PCS. Aside from the decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the intervention, no differences were observed in the change of IS, IAA or other secondary outcome between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our result suggests the potential of FOS in reducing serum total and free PCS in nondiabetic NDD-CKD patients.
Asunto(s)
Tracto Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Microbiota/fisiología , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Prebióticos/administración & dosificación , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Toxinas Biológicas/aislamiento & purificación , Uremia/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores/sangre , Cresoles/sangre , Proteínas en la Dieta , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Tracto Gastrointestinal/microbiología , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Humanos , Inflamación/prevención & control , Masculino , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/metabolismo , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/microbiología , Toxinas Biológicas/metabolismo , Uremia/microbiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Menopause is associated with bone loss. Prebiotics increase Ca, inorganic phosphorus (Pi), and Mg absorption, improving bone health. These increases would supply an extra amount of minerals, decreasing bone resorption and possibly reversing ovariectomy-induced bone loss. The present experimental study sought to evaluate the effect of adding a prebiotic GOS/FOS® mixture to a normal or a low Ca diet on Ca, Pi, and Mg absorption, in osteopenic rats. Four groups of n = 8 rats each were OVX, and 8 rats were SHAM operated. All rats were fed a commercial diet for 45 days. They were then fed one of the following diet for 45 days: C-0.5%: SHAM fed AIN 93 M containing 0.5%Ca; O-0.5% and O-0.3%: OVX rats fed AIN 93 M, containing 0.5% or 0.3%Ca, respectively; GF-0.5% and GF-0.3%: OVX rats fed AIN 93 M, containing 0.5% or 0.3%Ca+ 2.5% GOS/FOS®, respectively. At the end of the experimental time point, Ca, P, and MgAbs% was significantly higher in GF-0.5% and GF-0.3% as compared to the remaining groups (p < 0.01). Irrespective of diet Ca content, CTX decreased whereas femur Ca and P content, tibia BV/TV and GPC.Th, lumbar spine and proximal tibia BMD, bone strength, bone stiffness, and elastic modulus increased in the GF-0.5% and GF-0.3% groups as compared to O-0.5% and O-0.3%, respectively (p < 0.05). This prebiotic mixture would be a useful tool to prevent the increase in bone loss associated with menopause and aging.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/metabolismo , Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Calcio de la Dieta , Dieta , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Oligosacáridos/farmacología , Animales , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/etiología , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/patología , Huesos/fisiología , Calcio/deficiencia , Calcio/metabolismo , Calcio/farmacocinética , Calcio de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Calcio de la Dieta/farmacocinética , Dieta/métodos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Fructosa/química , Fructosa/farmacología , Galactosa/química , Galactosa/farmacología , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Ovariectomía , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Studies have shown the positive effects of prebiotics on the intestinal absorption of Ca and Fe. The present study evaluated the effect of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation in soya beverage (SB) on absorption mechanisms of Ca and Fe in recently weaned rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: lactose-free cows' milk (CM), lactose-free CM with FOS (0·8 g/100 ml) (CMF), SB and soya beverage with FOS (0·8 g/100 ml) (SBF). These rats were euthanised after 1 week of treatment. Organ weight, pH of the caecal content and absorption mechanisms of Ca and Fe were evaluated. The results showed that the weight of the caecal contents increased in the CMF and SBF groups, and the pH of the caecal contents was lower in these groups. The Hb levels of the CMF and SB groups were higher when compared with that of the CM group and lower in relation to the SBF group. The apparent Ca and Fe absorption and apparent Ca retention in the CM group were higher when compared with the SB group, whereas in the CMF group, they were higher in relation to the SBF group. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) protein expression in the duodenum was higher in the SBF group than in the SB and CMF groups. SB resulted in lower intestinal Ca absorption and higher Hb concentration, despite the lower apparent Fe absorption in relation to CM. Supplementation with FOS provided beneficial effects on Hb and DMT1 protein expression in the duodenum, in addition to improving the absorption process.
Asunto(s)
Bebidas , Calcio de la Dieta/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Glycine max , Hierro/metabolismo , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Proteínas de Transporte de Catión/metabolismo , Duodeno/metabolismo , Hematócrito , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Absorción Intestinal , Intestinos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Leche , Minerales/metabolismo , Prebióticos/análisis , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/metabolismo , DesteteRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet supplementation with live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on ruminal parameters, nutrient digestibility, and the inflammatory response in cattle fed grain-based diets. Three Holstein steers (body weight of 497±3 kg) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The animals were kept in individual pens and fed a diet containing 5% sugarcane bagasse and 95% concentrate (906.5 g/kg ground corn). Diet treatments were Control (without additive), Yeast (1.5 g/kg DM live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, NCYC 996) and MOS (1.5 g/kg DM MOS, ß-glucans and mannan). Dry matter intake, ruminal, intestinal, and total digestibility of nutrients were not affected by the treatments. The ruminal concentration of isobutyric acid increased in animals fed on diets supplemented with Yeast and MOS, whereas isovaleric acid increased with Yeast and decreased with MOS supplementation. Dietary supplementation with Yeast and MOS increased pH and decreased ammonia concentration in the rumen. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in the rumen and duodenal fluid were not influenced by the additives. However, both Yeast and MOS decreased the plasma levels of LPS and serum amyloid A (SAA). In conclusion, when high-concentrate diets fed to beef cattle are supplemented with either Yeast or MOS, ruminal pH is increased, LPS translocation into the blood stream is decreased, and blood SAA concentration is decreased. These factors reduce the inflammation caused by consumption of grain-based diets, and either supplement could be used to improve the rumen environment in beef cattle susceptible to ruminal subacute acidosis.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Bovinos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Grano Comestible , Mananos , Oligosacáridos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Bovinos/metabolismo , Dieta , Digestión , Duodeno/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/prevención & control , Lipopolisacáridos/metabolismo , Mananos/administración & dosificación , Productos de la Carne , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Servicios Postales , Rumen/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica/metabolismoRESUMEN
The use of probiotics to prevent or treat mucosal inflammation has been studied; however, the combined effect of probiotics and prebiotics is unclear. The aim of this study was to test whether oral administration of a synbiotic (Simbioflora®) preparation containing Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis plus fructooligosaccharide could help control mucosal inflammation in experimental mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: control (CTL), control + prebiotic (CTL+P), control + synbiotic (CTL+S), mucositis (MUC), mucositis + prebiotic (MUC+P), and mucositis + synbiotic (MUC+S). Mice from the CTL+S, MUC+S, CTL+P, and MUC+P groups received synbiotic or prebiotic daily by oral gavage for 13 days. Mice in the CTL and MUC groups received the same volume of saline. On day 11, mice in the MUC, MUC+P, and MUC+S groups received an intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg 5-FU to induce mucositis. After 72 h, all mice were euthanised. Intestinal permeability, intestinal histology, and biochemical parameters were analysed. Group MUC showed a greater weight loss and increased intestinal permeability (0.020 counts per min [cpm]/g) compared to the CTL group (0.01 cpm/g) P<0.05. Both treatments attenuated weight loss compared to the MUC group. Nonetheless, the synbiotic caused a greater reduction in intestinal permeability (0.012 cpm/g) compared to the MUC (0.020 cpm/g) and MUC+P (0.016 cpm/g) groups P<0.05. Mice in groups MUC+P and MUC+S displayed significant recovery of lesions and maintenance of the mucus layer. There were no differences in the short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the faeces between the MUC and CTL groups (P>0.05). Increased acetate and propionate concentrations were evidenced in the faeces of the MUC+P and MUC+S groups. Only the synbiotic treatment increased the butyrate concentration (P<0.05). The results indicate that administration of synbiotic can decrease mucosal damage caused by mucositis.
Asunto(s)
Mucositis/prevención & control , Simbióticos/administración & dosificación , Administración Oral , Animales , Bifidobacterium animalis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bifidobacterium animalis/metabolismo , Peso Corporal , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/análisis , Heces/química , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Fluorouracilo/toxicidad , Tracto Gastrointestinal/patología , Lactobacillus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Mucositis/inducido químicamente , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Oligosacáridos/metabolismo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response effect of a chitooligosaccharide (COS) produced by Universidade Estadual de Londrina over performance, diarrhea episodes, visceral characteristics and morphometry. A total of 72 Pen Ar Lan® piglets were weaned at 23 days and 7.51 ± 1.35 kg of BW. The treatment was a basic diet plus inclusion of 0, 50, 100, or 150 ppm of COS (100 mg/kg). For the visceral and morphometric evaluation, 24 animals were slaughtered at 31 days of age with 11.01 ± 1.25 kg of BW. No regression effect over the performance or diarrhea prevalence was observed. Higher doses of COS led to higher absolute values for large intestine weight, villus height in the jejunum and crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum; the villus/crypt ratio in the ileum was higher until the level of 100 ppm COS. More lesions were observed in the intestinal epithelium along with a higher total number of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the duodenum. High numbers of eosinophils were observed in the ileum when a higher level of COS was used. In general, increasing levels of COS led to better intestinal morphometry and activated somatic cells in the lamina propria of the piglet intestine; however, no influence was observed in the productive performance of these animals. Considering all studied parameters, the COS level of 100 ppm was the most promising under these experimental conditions.
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito dose-resposta do Quitooligossacarídeo (QOS) produzido pela Universidade Estadual de Londrina sobre o desempenho de leitões em creche e morfohistometria e peso de órgãos de leitões aos 31 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 72 leitões de genética Pen Ar Lan®, desmamados com idade média inicial de 23 dias e peso de 7,51 ± 1,35 kg. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma dieta base com os níveis de inclusão de 0, 50, 100 e 150 ppm de QOS. Para a avaliação visceral e morfohistométrica, 24 animais foram abatidos aos 31 dias de idade e peso de 11,01 ± 1,25 kg. Não houve efeito de regressão sobre o desempenho ou incidência de diarreia. O aumento da dose utilizada de QOS levou a um aumento nos valores referentes ao peso relativo do intestino grosso, à altura de vilosidades de jejuno e à profundidade de cripta no jejuno e íleo, enquanto que, a relação vilos/cripta deste último segmento foi crescente apenas até o uso de 100 ppm de QOS. Observou-se aumento de lesões no epitélio intestinal e contagem de linfócitos e eosinófilos no duodeno e eosinófilos também no íleo com o aumento da dose do QOS até 150 ppm. De maneira geral, os níveis crescentes de QOS melhoraram a morfofisiologia intestinal e ativaram a células somáticas na lâmina própria do intestino dos leitões, entretanto, não houve influência sobre o desempenho produtivo dos animais. Frente a todosos parâmetros estudados, o nível de 100 ppm de QOS mostrou-se o mais promissor para as condiçõespropostas por este experimento.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Oligosacáridos/análisis , Porcinos/anatomía & histología , Porcinos/fisiología , PrebióticosRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response effect of a chitooligosaccharide (COS) produced by Universidade Estadual de Londrina over performance, diarrhea episodes, visceral characteristics and morphometry. A total of 72 Pen Ar Lan® piglets were weaned at 23 days and 7.51 ± 1.35 kg of BW. The treatment was a basic diet plus inclusion of 0, 50, 100, or 150 ppm of COS (100 mg/kg). For the visceral and morphometric evaluation, 24 animals were slaughtered at 31 days of age with 11.01 ± 1.25 kg of BW. No regression effect over the performance or diarrhea prevalence was observed. Higher doses of COS led to higher absolute values for large intestine weight, villus height in the jejunum and crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum; the villus/crypt ratio in the ileum was higher until the level of 100 ppm COS. More lesions were observed in the intestinal epithelium along with a higher total number of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the duodenum. High numbers of eosinophils were observed in the ileum when a higher level of COS was used. In general, increasing levels of COS led to better intestinal morphometry and activated somatic cells in the lamina propria of the piglet intestine; however, no influence was observed in the productive performance of these animals. Considering all studied parameters, the COS level of 100 ppm was the most promising under these experimental conditions.(AU)
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito dose-resposta do Quitooligossacarídeo (QOS) produzido pela Universidade Estadual de Londrina sobre o desempenho de leitões em creche e morfohistometria e peso de órgãos de leitões aos 31 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 72 leitões de genética Pen Ar Lan®, desmamados com idade média inicial de 23 dias e peso de 7,51 ± 1,35 kg. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma dieta base com os níveis de inclusão de 0, 50, 100 e 150 ppm de QOS. Para a avaliação visceral e morfohistométrica, 24 animais foram abatidos aos 31 dias de idade e peso de 11,01 ± 1,25 kg. Não houve efeito de regressão sobre o desempenho ou incidência de diarreia. O aumento da dose utilizada de QOS levou a um aumento nos valores referentes ao peso relativo do intestino grosso, à altura de vilosidades de jejuno e à profundidade de cripta no jejuno e íleo, enquanto que, a relação vilos/cripta deste último segmento foi crescente apenas até o uso de 100 ppm de QOS. Observou-se aumento de lesões no epitélio intestinal e contagem de linfócitos e eosinófilos no duodeno e eosinófilos também no íleo com o aumento da dose do QOS até 150 ppm. De maneira geral, os níveis crescentes de QOS melhoraram a morfofisiologia intestinal e ativaram a células somáticas na lâmina própria do intestino dos leitões, entretanto, não houve influência sobre o desempenho produtivo dos animais. Frente a todosos parâmetros estudados, o nível de 100 ppm de QOS mostrou-se o mais promissor para as condiçõespropostas por este experimento.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Porcinos/anatomía & histología , Porcinos/fisiología , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Oligosacáridos/análisis , PrebióticosRESUMEN
Capsinoids are non-pungent analogues of capsaicinoids in pepper (Capsicum spp). The absence of pungency, in addition to their biological activities similar to that of capsaicinoids such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, makes capsinoids an excellent option for increasing use in human and animal nutrition, as well as health and pharmaceutical industries. There are only few sources of pepper producing capsinoids, and one of them (accession 509-45-1), Capsicum annuum L., is a potential source for increasing capsinoids content using strategies as controlled elicitation during plant production in the greenhouse. In this research we evaluated the effect of weekly and one-day-before-harvest foliar applications of hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid and a xyloglucan oligosaccharide on the concentration of capsiate in fruits of this pepper accession, as well as the gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal), putative aminotransferase (pamt), capsaicin synthase (at3) and ß-keto acyl synthase (kas). Results showed that the two tested concentrations of H2O2 significantly increased capsiate content and gene expression associated with capsaicinoids (pamt, at3 and kas) and the phenylpropanoids (pal) pathways. Plant yield was not affected using this induction strategy. Our results indicated that the pre-harvest and weekly application of hydrogen peroxide and xyloglucan oligosaccharide improved production of capsiate in C. annuum L.