RESUMEN
Creativity is one defining characteristic of human species. There have been mixed findings on how creativity relates to well-being, and little is known about its relationship with career success. We conduct a large-scale genome-wide association study to examine the genetic architecture of occupational creativity, and its genetic correlations with well-being and career success. The SNP-h2 estimates range from 0.08 (for managerial creativity) to 0.22 (for artistic creativity). We record positive genetic correlations between occupational creativity with autism, and positive traits and well-being variables (e.g., physical height, and low levels of neuroticism, BMI, and non-cancer illness). While creativity share positive genetic overlaps with indicators of high career success (i.e., income, occupational status, and job satisfaction), it also has a positive genetic correlation with age at first birth and a negative genetic correlation with number of children, indicating creativity-related genes may reduce reproductive success.
Asunto(s)
Creatividad , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Ocupaciones , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , AdultoRESUMEN
Green jobs are to be understood as those jobs directly associated with specific sustainability issues and activities related to the efficiency, quality and innovation of goods and services offered, from an eco-sustainability perspective. The objective of the research was to fill knowledge gaps of new and emerging environmental and occupational risks related to sustainable activities and to understand the impact these might have on workers' psychological and physical well-being. A selection of several scientific articles and a critical analysis of the selected articles was carried out from the perspective of defining the concept of "emerging occupational risks in green jobs," using different keywords in the title or abstract as search criteria. Emerging occupational risks, most prevalent in the green sector are those determined by the rapid introduction of new technologies, new materials, new processes and work organizations. In order to be able to improve prevention and protection at work, it is necessary to act on a more careful and adequate risk assessment, the definition of new professional figures expert in green issues, the expansion of research and development of scientific knowledge, and the improvement of ergonomic aspects. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(3):244-56.
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Exposición Profesional , Humanos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/prevención & control , Salud Laboral , Medición de Riesgo , Ocupaciones , Ergonomía , Conservación de los Recursos NaturalesRESUMEN
Bangladesh continues to face the persistent issue of child malnutrition. This study aims to investigate the influence of parental characteristics on undernutrition among children under the age of five in both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. This study utilizes data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18, which includes 7806 children under the age of five and their parents. The effects of parental education and occupation on undernutrition (e.g., stunting, underweight, and wasting) are examined using the binary probit regression technique. Among rural children, 32.6% are stunted, 22.5% are underweight, and 8.1% are wasted. The corresponding figures for urban children are 25.3%, 18.9%, and 8.9%, respectively. In all forms of undernutrition, children living in rural areas face greater challenges than those living in urban areas. The prevalence of stunting and underweight is low among children, irrespective of their rural or urban background, when both parents have the same level of education. The prevalence is also low when fathers are employers or traders and mothers are homemakers, or when highly educated fathers are employers or traders and highly educated mothers are homemakers. In both rural and urban areas, the risk of stunting, underweight and all forms of malnutrition among children decreases as parents' education levels increase. Children whose fathers work in service or business activities are less likely to experience stunting, being underweight, or wasting compared to children whose fathers work in agriculture or other professions in both areas. In urban areas, children born to mothers with lower levels of education are more vulnerable to wasting than children whose mothers have at least secondary education. To reduce child undernutrition nationwide, it is recommended that both parents have at least a secondary school education and that the father has a stable and sufficient income.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Nutrición del Niño , Escolaridad , Padres , Población Rural , Población Urbana , Humanos , Bangladesh/epidemiología , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactante , Padres/educación , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Niño/epidemiología , Ocupaciones , Delgadez/epidemiología , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Adulto , Trastornos del Crecimiento/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Recién NacidoRESUMEN
Although a significant body of evidence has attributed certain occupational exposures with leukemia, such as benzene, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene and ionizing radiation, more research is needed to identify work environments at increased risk for this disease. Our study aimed to identify occupational and industry groups associated with an elevated incidence of leukemia using a diverse cohort of workers' compensation claimants from Ontario, Canada. A total of 2,363,818 workers in the Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) cohort, with claims between 1983-2019, were followed for malignant leukemia diagnoses up to 31 December 2019. We used a Cox proportional-hazards model to estimate the relative incidence of leukemia in specific occupation and industry groups. After adjusting for age and birth year, males in protective services (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.02-1.35), metal machining (HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.07-1.41), transport (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.06-1.25), and mining occupations (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02-1.60) had elevated risks of leukemia compared to other workers in the ODSS, with comparable findings by industry. Among female workers, slight risk elevations were observed among product fabricating, assembling, and repairing occupations, with other increased risks seen in furniture and fixture manufacturing, storage, and retail industries. These findings underscore the need for exposure-based studies to better understand occupational hazards in these settings.
Asunto(s)
Industrias , Leucemia , Enfermedades Profesionales , Exposición Profesional , Ocupaciones , Humanos , Ontario/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Incidencia , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Exposición Profesional/estadística & datos numéricos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Estudios de Cohortes , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Ocupaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Leucemia/epidemiología , Leucemia/inducido químicamente , Industrias/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven , Anciano , Modelos de Riesgos ProporcionalesRESUMEN
Background. In Canada, understanding the demographic and job-related factors influencing the prevalence of new workers and their exposure to potential carcinogens is crucial for improving workplace safety and guiding policy interventions. Methods. Logistic regression was performed on the 2017 Labour Force Survey (LFS), to estimate the likelihood of being a new worker based on age, industry, occupation, season, and immigration status. Participants were categorized by sector and occupation using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 Version 1.0 and National Occupational Classification (NOC) system 2016 Version 1.0. Finally, an exposures-per-worker metric was used to highlight the hazardous exposures new workers encounter in their jobs and industries. Results. Individuals younger than 25 years had 3.24 times the odds of being new workers compared to those in the 25-39 age group (adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 3.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 3.18, 3.31). Recent immigrants (less than 10 years in the country) were more likely to be new workers than those with Canadian citizenship (OR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.41). The total workforce exposures-per-worker metric using CAREX Canada data was 0.56. By occupation, new workers were the most overrepresented in jobs in natural resources and agriculture (20.5% new workers), where they also experienced a high exposures-per-worker metric (1.57). Conclusions. Younger workers (under 25 years) and recent immigrants who had arrived 10 or fewer years prior were more likely to be new workers, and were overrepresented in jobs with more frequent hazardous exposures (Construction, Agriculture, and Trades).
Asunto(s)
Carcinógenos , Exposición Profesional , Canadá , Humanos , Exposición Profesional/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Carcinógenos/análisis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Ocupaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , AdolescenteRESUMEN
Although the impact of occupation on cognitive skills has been extensively studied, there is limited research examining if genetically predicted cognitive score may influence occupation. We examined the association between Cognitive Polygenic Index (PGI) and occupation, including the role of brain measures. Participants were recruited for the Reference Ability Neural Network and the Cognitive Reserve studies. Occupational complexity ratings for Data, People, or Things came from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. A previously-created Cognitive PGI and linear regression models were used for the analyses. Age, sex, education, and the first 20 genetic Principal Components (PCs) of the sample were covariates. Total cortical thickness and total gray matter volume were further covariates. We included 168 white-ethnicity participants, 20-80 years old. After initial adjustment, higher Cognitive PGI was associated with higher Data complexity (B=-0.526, SE = 0.227, Beta= -0.526 p = 0.022, R2 = 0.259) (lower score implies higher complexity). Associations for People or Things were not significant. After adding brain measures, association for Data remained significant (B=-0.496, SE: 0.245, Beta= -0.422, p = 0.045, R2 = 0.254). Similarly, for a further, fully-adjusted analysis including all the three occupational complexity measures (B=-0.568, SE = 0.237, Beta= -0.483, p = 0.018, R2 = 0.327). Cognitive genes were associated with occupational complexity over and above brain morphometry. Working with Data occupational complexity probably acquires higher cognitive status, which can be significantly genetically predetermined.
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Encéfalo , Cognición , Herencia Multifactorial , Ocupaciones , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Herencia Multifactorial/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/anatomía & histología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Reserva Cognitiva , Adulto Joven , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Sustancia Gris/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Occupational infectious disease risks between men and women have often been attributed to the gendered distribution of the labour force, with limited comparative research on occupation-specific infectious disease risks. The objective of this study was to compare infectious disease risks within the same occupations by gender. A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2021 was undertaken. To be included, studies were required to report infectious disease risks for men, women or non-binary people within the same occupation. The included studies were appraised for methodological quality. A post hoc power calculation was also conducted. 63 studies were included in the systematic review. Among high-quality studies with statistical power (9/63), there was evidence of a higher hepatitis risk for men than for women among patient-facing healthcare workers (HCWs) and a higher parasitic infection risk for men than for women among farmers (one study each). The rest of the high-quality studies (7/63) reported no difference between men and women, including for COVID-19 risk among patient-facing HCWs and physicians, hepatitis risk among swine workers, influenza risk among poultry workers, tuberculosis risk among livestock workers and toxoplasmosis risk among abattoir workers. The findings suggest that occupational infectious disease risks are similarly experienced for men and women within the same occupation with a few exceptions showing a higher risk for men. Future studies examining gender/sex differences in occupational infectious diseases need to ensure adequate sampling by gender.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmisibles , Enfermedades Profesionales , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Ocupaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Too much sedentary behavior (SB) and too little physical activity (PA) place adult workers at risk for chronic illness. It remains unclear which occupations and subgroups within occupations have the highest and lowest SB and PA, and little is known about the effects of organizational factors on these behaviors and metrics. Thus, our main aims were to review and summarize evidence describing daily SB and PA collected using accelerometry across various occupations and to identify organizational factors influencing SB and PA. METHODS: A literature search of six databases was performed for relevant studies published through March 2023. Eligible studies were in English, targeted working populations, had a sample size > 75, and objectively measured both SB and PA for seven consecutive days using accelerometers. Following PRISMA guidelines, 5,197 studies were identified, and 19 articles met our inclusion criteria. Five of these studies were included in a meta-analysis comparing time spent in SB, light PA (LPA), and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) across occupations. Methodological quality was assessed using a Joanna Briggs Institute tool. RESULTS: We found that 63% of the studies reported daily time spent in SB and in MVPA, but fewer reported LPA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA. The average time spent in SB was 553.34 min/day, in LPA was 299.77 min/day, and in MVPA was 33.87 min/day. In occupational subgroup analysis, we observed that office workers had 2.3 h more SB, 2.4 less hours LPA, and 14 min less MVPA per day than nurses. However, most studies either did not specify workers' occupations or grouped occupations. Shift work and workplace facilities significantly influenced SB and PA, but organizational factors affecting these behaviors were not sufficiently investigated (e.g., occupation type, work environment and workplace facilities, and shift work). CONCLUSIONS: More research is needed to explore SB and PA patterns within occupational subgroups. Additionally, it is important to explore work-related individual (e.g., job task), interpersonal (e.g., social support from colleagues), organizational (e.g., work policy), and environmental factors influencing SB and PA. Future studies should also investigate the association of these factors with SB and PA.
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Acelerometría , Ejercicio Físico , Conducta Sedentaria , Humanos , Ocupaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , AdultoRESUMEN
Introduction: An educational mismatch is defined as the situation where the education qualifications of an employee do not match the qualifications required for the job they do. A mismatch can be vertical where the level of the employee's qualification is not the one required by the job. This study contributes to the literature on work-related social determinants of health, by carrying out the first assessment of the relationship between educational mismatch and health in Italy. Methods: Data come from PLUS, a national survey of labor supply. The risk of suffering from bad or very bad health associated with educational mismatch is investigated through a logistic regression model accounting for the socioeconomic context and occupation. Results: Our findings show women are at greater risk of suffering from bad or very bad health than men, especially if under-educated. Discussion: Our results show the need to address more research on work-related social determinants of health, which can represent a barrier to achieving health equity.
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Escolaridad , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud , Humanos , Italia , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Salud Laboral/estadística & datos numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Ocupaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Discrimination in the labor market hinders efficient labor allocation, impeding socio-economic health. With the rapid population aging in China, addressing multifaceted discrimination to enhance labor allocation efficiency emerges as a crucial area of research. To explore the relationship between five types of discrimination (age, gender, hukou, educational background, and occupation) and labor misallocation, this paper based on intersectionality theory, employs the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method to conduct a configurational analysis of data from China. The research findings indicate that none of the five forms of discrimination can be deemed a necessary condition for achieving high-level labor misallocation. The study identifies five distinct pathways of multiple discrimination to form high-level labor misallocation, which can be classified into four interaction modes: age-hukou, gender-hukou, gender-occupation, and age-gender-educational background. Meanwhile, there are four configuration paths for the absence of labor misallocation. This study reveals the intricate mechanisms by which multiple forms of discrimination contribute to labor misallocation in China's labor market, and provides valuable insights for addressing employment discrimination and improving the efficiency of labor allocation.
Asunto(s)
Empleo , China , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Ocupaciones , Factores de Edad , Persona de Mediana Edad , Discriminación Social , EscolaridadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between lifetime occupational history and risk of buccal mucosa cancer (BMC). METHODS: We utilized a multi-centric, hospital-based case-control study across five centres of Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India. Cases included men aged 20-75-years with histological confirmed primary cancer of the buccal mucosa. Visitor controls were frequency matched to cases for age (10 years interval) and current residential zone. Study participants were interviewed face-to-face. Logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95â¯% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Among ever employed males, we identified 1969 BMC cases and 2145 controls. We observed an increased risk of BMC in 'Craft and Related Trades Workers' (OR 1.37; 95â¯% CI 1.13-1.65), 'Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers' (OR: 1.26; 95â¯% CI 1.01-1.56), and 'Elementary Occupations' (OR:1.33; 95â¯% CI 1.12-1.58). More specifically, the increased risk was observed for 'Metal, Machinery and Related Trades Workers', 'Handicraft and Printing Workers', 'Drivers and Mobile Plant Operators', and 'Laborers in Mining, Construction, Manufacturing and Transport'. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that certain occupations may be at a higher risk of BMC. Some fraction of BMC can be prevented by reducing exposure to hazardous agents used in these occupations. Further research is needed to identify which exposures are responsible for the increased risk. Moreover, tobacco control and early detection activities can be focused towards these occupations as tobacco consumption is also high in them, which may also be the reason for increased risk observed in these groups.
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Mucosa Bucal , Neoplasias de la Boca , Exposición Profesional , Ocupaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Persona de Mediana Edad , India/epidemiología , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Boca/etiología , Anciano , Ocupaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Factores de Riesgo , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Adulto Joven , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The impact of societal factors on the occurrence of head and neck cancers (HNCs) remains understudied, especially in the Nordic countries. METHODS: To quantify the association between socio-economic status (SES) and the occurrence of HNCs, this cohort study uses data from the Nordic Occupational Cancer project that combine occupational and cancer registry data from 1961 to 2005 of 14.9 million individuals aged between 30 and 64 years. Occupational categories were combined into seven socio-economic categories. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) analyses were conducted with the cancer incidence rates for the entire national study populations used as reference rates. RESULTS: Altogether, 83â997 HNCs-72% in men and 28% in women-were recorded. Among men, a gradient of risk associated with SES was observed for cancers of the tongue, other oral cavity subsites, pharynx, oropharynx and larynx in groups with lower SES. Managers showed decreased SIRs of 0.50 to -0.90 also for cancers of the lip, tongue, other oral cavity subsites, oropharynx, nasopharynx, nose and larynx. In contrast, excess risks of tongue, other oral cavity subsites, pharyngeal, oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers were observed among clerical (SIRs 1.05-1.16), skilled workers (1.04-1.14), unskilled workers (1.16-1.26) and economically inactive men (1.38-1.87). Among women, no risk gradient similar to that in men was revealed. CONCLUSIONS: The current study underscores the influence of SES on the incidence of HNCs and highlights the need for targeted interventions, including tobacco and alcohol control policies, and improved access to healthcare services, particularly for socio-economically disadvantaged populations.
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Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Clase Social , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/epidemiología , Incidencia , Adulto , Países Escandinavos y Nórdicos/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Sistema de Registros , Ocupaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios de Cohortes , Distribución por Sexo , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study examines working hours, shift work, and remote work patterns by occupation and industry among U.S. full-time workers, along with the association between working and sleeping hours. METHODS: Utilizing data from 2011 to 2020 American Time Use Survey, this national household survey examines how individuals aged 15 years or older in the United States spend their time within a 24-hour period. FINDINGS: In 2011 to 2019, U.S. full-time workers averaged 8.1 hours of work and 7.8 hours spent sleep on workdays, increasing to 9.6 hours on non-workdays. Among all occupations, Emergency medical technicians and paramedics had the longest average working hours (10.4 hours). Protective services occupations had the highest percentage (41.7%) of workers reporting often working shifts other than daytime. Among all industries, truck transportation industry had the longest average working hours (9.2). Food services and drinking places industries had the highest percentage (28.6%) of workers reporting often working shifts other than daytime. Working hours showed a negative association with sleeping hours. In 2020, 34.0% of full-time workers reported remote work due to COVID-19, with the largest percentage (72.3%) occurring in business and financial operations. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings offer essential benchmarks for comparing working hours and schedules across diverse occupations and industries. These insights empower occupational health practitioners to advocate for prevention measures, addressing health concerns arising from prolonged working hours and shift work.
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COVID-19 , Ocupaciones , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Adulto , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Ocupaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Industrias/estadística & datos numéricos , Tolerancia al Trabajo Programado , Teletrabajo/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Horario de Trabajo por Turnos/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Objectives: White collar workers spend an increasing amount of time in occupational sedentary behavior (OSB) and are thereby at risk for adverse health outcomes. Nevertheless, the association between OSB and the need for recovery (NFR), an important indicator of wellbeing, is unknown and therefore examined. Methods: Baseline data from a cluster randomized controlled trial was used. A subgroup of 89 white collar workers wore a triaxial accelerometer for 7 days. NFR was measured using the Questionnaire on the Experience and Evaluation of Work. Compositional data analysis was applied to determine the composition of different OSB bouts (short, medium and long) and occupational physical activity (OPA) (light, moderate and vigorous and standing). Linear regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between occupational compositions and NFR. Results: Relatively more time spent in long OSB bouts was associated with a lower NFR (ß: -11.30, 95% CI: -20.2 to -2.4). Short and medium OSB bouts and OPA were not associated with NFR. Conclusion: Associations between OSB bouts, OPA and NFR hinted at contrasting trends, suggesting the need to consider different bout lengths of OSB in future studies.
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Acelerometría , Conducta Sedentaria , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ejercicio Físico , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Salud Laboral , OcupacionesRESUMEN
An individual's likelihood of developing non-communicable diseases is often influenced by the types, intensities and duration of exposures at work. Job exposure matrices provide exposure estimates associated with different occupations. However, due to their time-consuming expert curation process, job exposure matrices currently cover only a subset of possible workplace exposures and may not be regularly updated. Scientific literature articles describing exposure studies provide important supporting evidence for developing and updating job exposure matrices, since they report on exposures in a variety of occupational scenarios. However, the constant growth of scientific literature is increasing the challenges of efficiently identifying relevant articles and important content within them. Natural language processing methods emulate the human process of reading and understanding texts, but in a fraction of the time. Such methods can increase the efficiency of both finding relevant documents and pinpointing specific information within them, which could streamline the process of developing and updating job exposure matrices. Named entity recognition is a fundamental natural language processing method for language understanding, which automatically identifies mentions of domain-specific concepts (named entities) in documents, e.g., exposures, occupations and job tasks. State-of-the-art machine learning models typically use evidence from an annotated corpus, i.e., a set of documents in which named entities are manually marked up (annotated) by experts, to learn how to detect named entities automatically in new documents. We have developed a novel annotated corpus of scientific articles to support machine learning based named entity recognition relevant to occupational substance exposures. Through incremental refinements to the annotation process, we demonstrate that expert annotators can attain high levels of agreement, and that the corpus can be used to train high-performance named entity recognition models. The corpus thus constitutes an important foundation for the wider development of natural language processing tools to support the study of occupational exposures.
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Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural , Exposición Profesional , Humanos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Exposoma , OcupacionesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Occupational future time perspective (OFTP) is important concept for a successful career in older workers. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between individual and work-related factors and OFTP. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study via an online questionnaire survey. Respondents were stratified sampled according to the distribution of workers across Japan. To assess OFTP, we used the Japanese version of the OFTP scale. We included factors such as sex, age, education, marital status, subjective health status, personal income, length of employment, industry, size of company, employment status, working days per week, and night shift. Multiple regression analysis was employed to calculate the regression coefficients for each factor, with OFTP serving as the dependent variable. RESULTS: In total we included 1484 respondents. Our findings indicated that higher OFTP was associated with higher education, better subjective health status, higher personal income, and smaller size of company. Compared with manufacturing, certain industries such as agriculture and forestry, transportation and postal services, and health care showed lower OFTP. In contrast to permanent workers, contract and part-time workers demonstrated lower OFTP, whereas owners of non-family businesses exhibited higher OFTP. Furthermore, individuals working 1-4 d/wk showed lower OFTP compared with those working 5 d/wk. CONCLUSIONS: Older workers facing limitations in resources, such as educational background, personal income, precarious employment, and health status, tend to have lower OFTP. Such individuals should be given priority for support and assistance.
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Empleo , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Japón , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Empleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Renta/estadística & datos numéricos , Ocupaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Factores de Tiempo , Factores de Edad , AdultoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide; however, few large population-based studies have examined occupational risk factors. We examined associations between shift work, work schedule, hours worked, outdoor work, occupation and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in the US working population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 8601 workers from the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles. NHANES occupational data were supplemented with measures of outdoor work from the Occupational Information Network. Serum 25(OH)D concentration in nanomoles per litre (nmol/L) was categorised as sufficient (≥75), insufficient (50-<75), moderately deficient (30-<50) and severely deficient (<30). Age-adjusted weighted multinomial and binary logistic regression were used to examine associations between work-related factors and vitamin D status with sex-race/ethnicity stratification. RESULTS: Shift workers had higher odds of severe vitamin D deficiency compared with day workers (OR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.19). Compared with those in white-collar occupations, those in natural resources were less likely to be deficient (OR: 0.31, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.52), while those in production were more likely to be deficient (OR: 2.25, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.43). Women working ≥40 hours/week compared with <40 hours/week were more likely to be moderately deficient (OR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.59). Black women working in sales were more likely to be deficient than those in management (OR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.27). Mexican American men working nights had the highest odds of deficiency (OR: 2.64, 95% CI 1.38 to 5.06). CONCLUSIONS: Work-related factors were associated with vitamin D status and there were race/ethnicity and sex differences. Targeted vitamin D screening and supplementation interventions may reduce these disparities.
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Encuestas Nutricionales , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Vitamina D , Humanos , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto Joven , Población Blanca/estadística & datos numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Negro o Afroamericano/estadística & datos numéricos , Horario de Trabajo por Turnos/estadística & datos numéricos , Horario de Trabajo por Turnos/efectos adversos , Ocupaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Tolerancia al Trabajo Programado/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Few studies have examined the mediators of the association between parental occupational status and under-five mortality risk in Ethiopia. We examine the association between parental occupational status and under-five mortality risk in Ethiopia and the role of two mediating variables, antenatal care visits and delivery by a health professional, in this relationship. Using birth data from the nationally representative 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, the study finds that parental occupation, antenatal care visits, and delivery by a health professional are associated with under-five mortality risk. The study also finds that after controlling for mediating variables, parents engaged in professional, agricultural, and manual labor still have lower odds of under-five mortality risk than children of non-working parents. Future research should focus on the pathway from parental employment to child mortality risk, not through access to antenatal care and delivery by health professionals.
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Mortalidad del Niño , Padres , Humanos , Etiopía/epidemiología , Femenino , Mortalidad del Niño/tendencias , Masculino , Lactante , Adulto , Preescolar , Padres/psicología , Ocupaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Empleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Prenatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Recién Nacido , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad Infantil/tendencias , Factores Socioeconómicos , AdolescenteRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Prior analyses of the Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) have compared cancer rates using internal referent groups. As an exploratory analysis, we sought to estimate cancer risk using general population reference rates to evaluate the impact that the comparison population has on findings from our surveillance program. METHODS: A cohort of approximately 2.3 million workers in Ontario, Canada with an accepted lost-time workers' compensation claim were followed for all cancer diagnoses between 1983 and 2018. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for workers in specific occupational groups using (1) all other workers in the ODSS cohort, and (2) the general population of Ontario. RESULTS: SIRs using the general population reference group were generally equal to or modestly lower compared to SIRs using the internal reference group. Within occupation groups, SIRs had a discordant direction of association (increased rate in the internal comparison and decreased in the external comparison) for some cancer sites including urinary, prostate, and colorectal. CONCLUSIONS: Findings emphasize the importance of the choice of reference group when evaluating cancer risks in large occupational surveillance cohorts. Importantly, the magnitude of confounding and the healthy worker hire bias may depend on the occupation group and cancer site of interest.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Enfermedades Profesionales , Vigilancia de la Población , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios de Cohortes , Incidencia , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Ocupaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Ontario/epidemiología , Indemnización para Trabajadores/estadística & datos numéricos , Diversidad de la Fuerza Laboral , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Obesity, as indicated by elevated Body Mass Index (BMI), is a well-established global health concern associated with increased morbidity and mortality across diverse populations. However, the influence of BMI on individuals in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AFF) occupations, characterized by unique challenges and environmental factors, has received limited research attention. METHODS: Our study, a prospective cohort analysis, utilized National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999-2014, targeting adults above 18 in AFF occupations with comprehensive BMI data, omitting individuals with a history of cancer. Mortality outcomes were extracted from the NHANES mortality file, and BMI was segmented into eight categories. Essential covariates such as age, sex, race, and various health factors were incorporated. The statistical analysis encompassed Cox regression, generalized additive models, smooth curve fitting, and stratified analyses. RESULTS: During 1,005 person-years with 201 all-cause and 57 CVD deaths, we observed L-shaped and U-shaped correlations of BMI with all-cause and CVD mortality, featuring a pivotal inflection at 26.69 and 27.40 kg/m2. Above this BMI threshold of 26.69 and 27.4 kg/m2, all-cause mortality association was not significant while CVD mortality was positive. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights a unique BMI-mortality association in AFF occupations, diverging from standard patterns. The rigorous labor and environmental conditions in AFF jobs suggest that a certain range of higher BMI could reduce mortality risk. This highlights the necessity for tailored health guidelines in different occupations. Future research should concentrate on diverse health indicators and enhanced risk assessment for physically strenuous occupations.