RESUMEN
This single blind placebo-controlled study has as its main objectives to investigate the influence of dark sweet cherries (DSC) consumption on obesity-related dysbiosis, metabolic endotoxemia, and intestinal permeability. Participants (>18 years old, BMI: 30-40 kg m-2) consumed 200 mL of DSC juice with 3 g of DSC powder (n = 19) or a placebo drink (n = 21) twice per day for 30 days. The gut microbiota abundance was investigated using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing on fecal DNA. Metabolic endotoxemia was evaluated by measuring lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in fasting plasma samples. Intestinal permeability was assessed using the lactulose/mannitol (L/M) test and by measuring regeneration islet-derived protein 4 (REG4), and interleukin-22 (IL-22) mRNA levels in stool samples. Results showed that DSC supplementation decreased the abundance of Anaerostipes hadrus (p = 0.02) and Blautia (p = 0.04), whose changes were significant in BMI ≥ 35 participants (p = 0.004 and p = 0.006, respectively). Additionally, DSC prevented the increase of Alistipes shahii (p = 0.005) and Bilophila (p = 0.01) compared to placebo. Notably, DSC intervention favored the abundance of bacteria supporting a healthy gut ecosystem such as Roseburia intestinalis (p = 0.01), Turicibacter (p = 0.01), and Bacteroides vulgatus (p = 0.003) throughout the intervention, along with Clostridium leptum (p = 0.03) compared to placebo. The LBP, L/M ratio, REG-4 and IL-22 mRNA levels remained unchanged in placebo and cherry groups, implying that participants did not experience alterations in intestinal permeability. These findings highlight the potential gut-health benefits of DSC and encourage future research among individuals with BMI ≥ 35 and increased intestinal permeability.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Endotoxemia , Heces , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Obesidad , Permeabilidad , Prunus avium , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Heces/microbiología , Obesidad/microbiología , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Adulto , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Método Simple Ciego , Interleucina-22 , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Adulto Joven , Funcion de la Barrera IntestinalRESUMEN
This study aimed to assess the effects of a diet intervention on visceral and hepatic fat in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Participants with obesity or T2D were randomized to a diet intervention or their usual diet. The intervention comprised a "3G rice" regimen combined with a low-salt, high-fiber diet. The primary outcomes were changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area and hepatic fat over 12 weeks assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Eighty-six patients were randomized. Their mean age was 47.5 ± 11.0 years, and 82.3% were female. Eighty-one (94.2%) had obesity, and 16 (18.6%) had T2D. Baseline metrics were body weight 76.3 ± 16.1 kg, BMI 29.6 ± 4.6, VAT 12 629 ± 5819 mm2, and hepatic fat 7.9% ± 7.2%. At the 12-week follow-up, the diet group had greater VAT and hepatic fat reductions than controls (- 1468 ± 1468 vs. - 179 ± 1576 mm2, P = 0.001; and - 2.6% ± 3.4% vs. 0.4% ± 2.2%, P < 0.001). Adjusted differences remained significant for VAT (- 1093 mm2, P < 0.001) and hepatic fat (- 2.5%, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the 12-week diet intervention decreased VAT, hepatic fat, body weight, and BMI compared to a usual diet.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Grasa Intraabdominal , Hígado , Obesidad , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Femenino , Grasa Intraabdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Hígado/metabolismo , Adulto , Imagen por Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
This non-randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effect of the 5:2 diet on insulin levels as a primary outcome and markers of insulin secretion (connecting peptide (C-peptide) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1)) and sensitivity (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)), as well as body composition as secondary outcomes in overweight/obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ninety-seven participants (62% women), 35 with T2D and 62 BMI- and waist-matched controls without T2D, followed the 5:2 diet (two days per week of fasting) for six months with a 12-month follow-up. At six months, there was no loss to follow-up in the T2D group, whereas four controls discontinued this study. Overall, 82% attended the 12-month follow-up. After the intervention, insulin levels decreased in the control group and glucose decreased in the T2D group, while C-peptide, HOMA-IR, waist circumference, BMI, trunk, and total fat% decreased in both groups. Furthermore, low IGFBP-1, indicating hyperinsulinemia, improved in the T2D group. The changes in fasting glucose and waist measurement were significantly more improved in the T2D group than in the controls. Persistent positive effects were observed at the 12-month follow-up. The 5:2 diet for six months was feasible and efficient to reduce markers of insulin secretion and resistance and therefore holds promise as management of overweight/obesity in subjects with and without T2D.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Resistencia a la Insulina , Secreción de Insulina , Insulina , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Insulina/metabolismo , Insulina/sangre , Péptido C/sangre , Péptido C/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/sangre , Adulto , Glucemia/metabolismo , Dieta , Índice de Masa Corporal , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Composición Corporal , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/dietoterapiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease represents a significant risk factor for mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is believed to play a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular health through its multifaceted atheroprotective effects and its capacity to enhance glycemic control. The impact of dietary interventions and intermittent fasting (IF) on HDL functionality remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary interventions and IF as a strategy to safely improve glycemic control and reduce body weight on functional parameters of HDL in individuals with T2DM. METHODS: Before the 12-week intervention, all participants (n = 41) of the INTERFAST-2 study were standardized to a uniform basal insulin regimen and randomized to an IF or non-IF group. Additionally, all participants were advised to adhere to dietary recommendations that promoted healthy eating patterns. The IF group (n = 19) followed an alternate-day fasting routine, reducing their calorie intake by 75% on fasting days. The participants' glucose levels were continuously monitored. Other parameters were measured following the intervention: Lipoprotein composition and subclass distribution were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) activity were assessed using cell-based assays and commercially available kits. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Following the 12-week intervention, the IF regimen significantly elevated serum apoM levels (p = 0.0144), whereas no increase was observed in the non-IF group (p = 0.9801). ApoM levels correlated with weight loss and fasting glucose levels in the IF group. Both groups exhibited a robust enhancement in HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0006) after 12 weeks. Notably, only the non-IF group exhibited significantly elevated activity of PON1 (p = 0.0455) and LCAT (p = 0.0117) following the 12-week intervention. In contrast, the changes observed in the IF group did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: A balanced diet combined with meticulous insulin management improves multiple metrics of HDL function. While additional IF increases apoM levels, it does not further enhance other aspects of HDL functionality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS) on 3 September 2019 under the number DRKS00018070.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Ayuno , Obesidad , Fosfatidilcolina-Esterol O-Aciltransferasa , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Femenino , Ayuno/sangre , Fosfatidilcolina-Esterol O-Aciltransferasa/sangre , Resultado del Tratamiento , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/diagnóstico , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Obesidad/terapia , Glucemia/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo , Biomarcadores/sangre , Restricción Calórica , Arildialquilfosfatasa/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Proteínas de Transferencia de Ésteres de Colesterol/sangre , Pérdida de Peso , Anciano , Adulto , Dieta Saludable , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Insulina/sangre , Ayuno IntermitenteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Current clinical guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults recommend the use of antihyperglycemic medications, monitoring of blood glucose levels, regular exercise, and a healthy diet to improve glycemic control and reduce associated comorbidities. However, adherence to traditional exercise programs is poor (<35%). Common barriers to adherence include fear of hypoglycemia and the need for blood glucose level monitoring before exercise. Digital health strategies offer great promise for managing T2DM as they facilitate patient-practitioner communication, support self-management, and improve access to health care services for underserved populations. We have developed a novel web-based software program allowing practitioners to create tailored interventions and deliver them to patients via digital voice assistants (DVAs) in their own homes. OBJECTIVE: We aim to evaluate the feasibility of a 12-week, home-based, personalized lifestyle intervention delivered and monitored by DVAs for older adults with obesity and T2DM. METHODS: In total, 50 older adults with obesity aged 50-75 years with oral hypoglycemic agent-treated T2DM were randomized to the intervention (DVA, n=25) or a control group (n=25). Participants allocated to the DVA group were prescribed a home-based muscle strengthening exercise program (~20- to 30-min sessions) and healthy eating intervention, delivered via DVAs (Alexa Echo Show 8; Amazon) using newly developed software ("Buddy Link"; Great Australian Pty Ltd). Control group participants received generalized physical activity information via email. Outcomes were feasibility, DVA usability (System Usability Scale), and objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary time (wrist-worn accelerometers). RESULTS: In total, 45 (90%) out of 50 participants completed this study. Mean adherence to prescribed exercise was 85% (SD 43%) with no intervention-related adverse events. System usability was rated above average (70.4, SD 16.9 out of 100). Compared with controls, the DVA group significantly decreased sedentary time (mean difference -67, SD 23; 95% CI -113 to -21 min/d), which was represented by a medium to large effect size (d=-0.6). CONCLUSIONS: A home-based lifestyle intervention delivered and monitored by health professionals using DVAs was feasible for reducing sedentary behavior and increasing moderate-intensity activity in older adults with obesity and T2DM. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12621000307808; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=381364&isReview=true.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Terapia por Ejercicio , Estudios de Factibilidad , Obesidad , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/terapia , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Obesity is a critical public health issue, necessitating effective weight loss interventions. While various dietary regimens have been explored, individual responses to interventions often vary. This study involved a 3-month dietary intervention aiming at assessing the role of macronutrient composition and the potential role of genetic predisposition in weight loss among Greek adults. This randomized clinical trial followed the CONSORT principles, recruiting 202 participants overall; 94 received a hypocaloric, high-protein diet and 108 received a high-carbohydrate, hypocaloric diet. Genetic predispositions were assessed through 10 target variants known for their BMI associations. Participants' weight and BMI values were recorded at baseline and post-intervention (n = 202 at baseline, n = 84 post-intervention) and an imputation method was applied to account for the observed missing values. Participants experienced a statistically significant weight loss across all dietary regimens (p < 0.001). Genetic analyses did not display statistically significant effects on weight loss. No significant differences in weight loss were observed between macronutrient groups, aligning with the POUNDS Lost and DIETFITS studies. This study underscores the importance of dietary interventions for weight loss and the potential contributions of genetic makeup. These findings contribute to obesity management within the Greek population and support the need for further research in personalized interventions.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Reductora , Nutrientes , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Pérdida de Peso , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Grecia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Dieta Reductora/métodos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Dieta Rica en Proteínas , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
This study analyzes the effects on body composition and variables related to metabolic syndrome of two coffees with different degree of roasting and phenolic content. Sixty participants with body mass index between 25 and 35 kg/m2 and a median age of 51.0 years (Interquartile range 46.3-56) were recruited. The study was a controlled, randomized, single-blind crossover trial consisting in drinking three cups/day of roasted coffee (RC) or lightly roasted coffee (LRC) during 12 weeks with 2-week wash-out stages before each coffee intervention. LRC contained ≈400 mg of hydroxycinnamic acids and ≈130 mg of caffeine per 200 mL/cup while RC contained ≈150 mg of hydroxycinnamic acids and ≈70 mg of caffeine per 200 mL/cup. Along the study, in each of the six visits, blood pressure, body composition by bioimpedance, anthropometric measurements, and blood biochemistry were analyzed. The mean differences and p values were calculated using a linear mixed model (JASP.v.0.18.0.3). A total of 38 participants completed the study. After the consumption of both coffees, fat mass and body fat percentage (LRC: -1.4%, p < 0.001; RC: -1.0%, p = 0.005) were reduced, whereas muscle mass and muscle mass percentage slightly increased (LRC: 0.8%, p < 0.001; RC: 0.7%, p = 0.002). The decrease in fat percentage was greater with LRC compared to RC (-0.8%; p = 0.029). There were no significant changes in metabolic syndrome variables or in body weight. In conclusion, LRC was slightly superior at inducing changes in body composition.
Asunto(s)
Composición Corporal , Café , Estudios Cruzados , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Fenoles , Humanos , Café/química , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Método Simple Ciego , Fenoles/análisis , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Cafeína/administración & dosificación , Índice de Masa Corporal , Adulto , Ácidos Cumáricos/análisis , Síndrome Metabólico/dietoterapiaRESUMEN
Personalized nutrition (PN) represents a transformative approach in dietary science, where individual genetic profiles guide tailored dietary recommendations, thereby optimizing health outcomes and managing chronic diseases more effectively. This review synthesizes key aspects of PN, emphasizing the genetic basis of dietary responses, contemporary research, and practical applications. We explore how individual genetic differences influence dietary metabolisms, thus underscoring the importance of nutrigenomics in developing personalized dietary guidelines. Current research in PN highlights significant gene-diet interactions that affect various conditions, including obesity and diabetes, suggesting that dietary interventions could be more precise and beneficial if they are customized to genetic profiles. Moreover, we discuss practical implementations of PN, including technological advancements in genetic testing that enable real-time dietary customization. Looking forward, this review identifies the robust integration of bioinformatics and genomics as critical for advancing PN. We advocate for multidisciplinary research to overcome current challenges, such as data privacy and ethical concerns associated with genetic testing. The future of PN lies in broader adoption across health and wellness sectors, promising significant advancements in public health and personalized medicine.
Asunto(s)
Nutrigenómica , Medicina de Precisión , Humanos , Medicina de Precisión/métodos , Dieta , Pruebas Genéticas , Política Nutricional , Obesidad/genética , Obesidad/dietoterapiaRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the typical Mediterranean diet (TMD), low-carbohydrate Mediterranean diet (LCMD), and low-fat Mediterranean diet (LFMD) on biochemical findings, fatty liver index (FLI), anthropometric measurements, and body composition in individuals with obesity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. This study included 63 participants with obesity with insulin resistance diagnosed with NAFLD by ultrasonography to investigate the effects of an 8-week energy-restricted TMD, LCMD, and LFMD on biochemical findings, FLI, fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), anthropometric measurements, and body composition. Patients were randomized into three groups and were interviewed face-to-face every week. According to the food consumption records (baseline end), the difference in the amount of sucrose and total fat consumed in the TMD group; the difference in energy intake from sucrose, monounsaturated fatty acids, and oleic acid in the LCMD group; and the difference in energy intake from fiber, sucrose, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol in the LFMD group showed significant correlations with liver enzymes and FLI (p < 0.05). In conclusion, although it has a different macronutrient composition, the Mediterranean diet may positively affect biochemical parameters and FLI in individuals with NAFLD, albeit in different ways.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Mediterránea , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Nutrientes , Humanos , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/dietoterapia , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Resistencia a la Insulina , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Dieta con Restricción de Grasas/métodos , Composición Corporal , Dieta Baja en Carbohidratos/métodos , Ingestión de Energía , Hígado/metabolismoRESUMEN
This study used a multimodal approach to address the issue of obesity among individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 30 and 40 residing in a rural region of north-east Spain. A pretest-posttest model was employed in a clinical trial design, comparing an intervention group with a control group. The intervention, which lasted for a period of nine months, was based on three main strategies: the prescription of physical activity, the promotion of healthy nutritional habits, and the management of emotional wellbeing through Positive Mental Health (PMH). A variety of assessment tools were employed, including the CLASS-AF scale and a stress test for physical activity levels; advanced anthropometry and blood analysis for metabolic and body composition variables; a Mediterranean diet adherence questionnaire for nutritional habits; and a PMH multifactorial questionnaire for the assessment of emotional management. The results revealed significant improvements in the level of physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in favor of the intervention group, where 89.4% (n = 17) of the participants went from being not very active/sedentary to being active. Also, adherence to the Mediterranean diet improved with a mean increase of 2.2 points on the scale [mean: 10.5 (CI 95%: 9.90, 11.09)]. In addition, significant reductions in body fat [mean: -2.50 kg (CI 95%: -3.56, -1.44)] and free fat mass [mean: -3.38% (IC 95%: -4.34, -2.41), along with decreased cholesterol levels (196 vs. 182 mg/dL), were observed, suggesting a decrease in cardiovascular and metabolic risk. In conclusion, this multimodal intervention was effective at improving the lifestyle of people with obesity and reducing their cardiovascular and metabolic risk. The combination of interventions focused on physical activity, diet, Positive Mental Health, and metabolic changes and were perceived as a comprehensive and complementary strategy in obesity care. These findings highlight the importance of approaching this condition from multiple perspectives to ensure optimal health outcomes.
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Dieta Mediterránea , Ejercicio Físico , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Salud Mental , Obesidad , Humanos , Obesidad/terapia , Obesidad/psicología , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , España , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Dieta SaludableRESUMEN
(1) Background: Dietary protein is a key component of all dietary patterns. It has been demonstrated that there are subtle differences in health implications associated with the source of dietary protein consumed. This study examined dietary protein sources (DPSs) in a long-term study of diet-induced obesity ± ammonium hydroxide enhancement (AHE) and its role in improving long-term health outcomes. (2) Methods: Over 18 months, 272 C3H/HeJ mice (136 male and 136 female) were monitored on high-fat diets with varying DPSs ± AHE. Mice were monitored for weekly change in total mass, as well as 6-month assessments of lean and fat mass. At each assessment, a cohort (~8 mice per diet per sex) was censored for a cross-sectional examination of organ function. (3) Results: Longevity was improved in females fed AHE diets, regardless of DPSs. Females' measures of fat and lean mass were markedly elevated with casein protein diets compared to beef protein diets regardless of AHE. Females fed a beef protein diet + AHE demonstrated reduced fat mass and increased lean mass with aging. In males, AHE beef protein diet-fed mice showed marked improvement to longevity and increased lean mass at 6 months. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates that dietary protein modification by AHE attenuates the negative impacts of HF diets in both males and females in a sex-dependent manner. Furthermore, the results from this study emphasize the importance of identifying the differences in the utilization of dietary proteins in both a sex- and age-related manner and demonstrate the potential of DPS modification by AHE as a dietary intervention.
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Hidróxido de Amonio , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Proteínas en la Dieta , Longevidad , Animales , Longevidad/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Masculino , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Ratones , Factores Sexuales , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This systematic review aimed to establish the effectiveness of exercise interventions, alone or in combination with dietary modifications, on working memory (WM) in individuals living with overweight and obesity. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, Springer-Link, RefSeek, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant publications up to January 18, 2024. Data on participants' characteristics, intervention settings, and key outcomes related to WM were extracted. The quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. A total of 15 articles met pre-established inclusion criteria, involving participants across nine countries with a range of 12-125 individuals and ages spanning from 6 to 80 years old. Among the studies analyzed, 10 exclusively investigated exercise interventions, whereas five explored the combined effects. Notably, 70% of the exercise interventions (7 out of 10) exhibited positive improvements in WM. Likewise, 60% of the combined interventions (3 out of 5) demonstrated favorable enhancements in WM. No differences were found between the two protocols. Common features between the protocols were identified and described. Both protocols showed favorable and promising effects on WM in this clinical population. Nonetheless, the limited evidence addressing the combination of exercise and diet in the same research approach reduces the generalizability of the findings. This review offers valuable insights for future clinical and research applications in people with overweight and obesity.
Asunto(s)
Memoria a Corto Plazo , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Obesidad/terapia , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/terapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Ejercicio Físico , Terapia CombinadaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis involves lipid secretion by sebaceous glands, Malassezia colonization, and an inflammatory response with skin barrier disruption. Each of these pathways could be modulated by diet, obesity, and nutritional supplements. Current treatment options provide only temporary control of the condition; thus, it is essential to recognize modifiable lifestyle factors that may play a role in determining disease severity. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to summarize published evidence on diet, nutritional supplements, alcohol, obesity, and micronutrients in patients with seborrheic dermatitis and to provide useful insights into areas of further research. METHODS: A literature search of Scopus, PubMed, and MEDLINE (Ovid interface) for English language papers published between 1993 and 2023 was conducted on April 16, 2023. Case-control studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials with 5 or more subjects conducted on adult participants (>14 years) were included, case reports, case series, and review papers were excluded due to insufficient level of evidence. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies, 8 case-control, 3 cross-sectional, and 2 randomized controlled trials, involving 13,906 patients were included. Seborrheic dermatitis was correlated with significantly increased copper, manganese, iron, calcium, and magnesium concentrations and significantly lower serum zinc and vitamin D and E concentrations. Adherence to the Western diet was associated with a higher risk for seborrheic dermatitis in female patients and an increased consumption of fruit was associated with a lower risk of seborrheic dermatitis in all patients. The prebiotic Triphala improved patient satisfaction and decreased scalp sebum levels over 8 weeks. Most studies find associations between regular alcohol use and seborrheic dermatitis, but the association between BMI and obesity on seborrheic dermatitis severity and prevalence is mixed. CONCLUSIONS: This review sheds light on specific promising areas of research that require further study, including the need for interventional studies evaluating serum zinc, vitamin D, and vitamin E supplementation for seborrheic dermatitis. The negative consequences of a Western diet, alcohol use, obesity, and the benefits of fruit consumption are well known; however, to fully understand their specific relationships to seborrheic dermatitis, further cohort or interventional studies are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42023417768; https://tinyurl.com/bdcta893.
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Dermatitis Seborreica , Suplementos Dietéticos , Obesidad , Humanos , Dermatitis Seborreica/epidemiología , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Estado Nutricional , Dieta , Micronutrientes/sangre , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Obesity is a complex chronic disease with increasing prevalence across the globe. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is an important component of obesity treatment, and low-calorie diets (LCDs) and very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs) are part of the MNT toolbox. This narrative review focuses on the latest evidence and clinical guidelines regarding the use and impact of meal replacements (MRs) as part of LCDs/VLCDs for the treatment of obesity and some associated complications. MRs can be used in conjunction with food as partial diet replacement (PDR) or can be used exclusively to serve as the sole source of dietary energy (total diet replacement [TDR]). Use of MR may be associated with better control of cravings and hunger typically observed during reduced calorie intake through effects of ketosis or stimuli narrowing, although the exact mechanisms for these effects remain unclear. Several clinical guidelines have endorsed the use of MRs as a part of MNT for obesity, primarily based on evidence that shows an average weight reduction of ~10 kg or more with TDR over at least 12 months in large, randomized controlled trials. When compared to usual care controls, these effects are 6-8 kg greater, and when compared to food-based diets, the effects are nearly twice the effect of a food-based diet. MR-based diets have been found to be safe and associated with improvements in quality of life. These diets are also effective for improving key cardiometabolic health outcomes, including dysglycaemia, blood pressure, lipids, and metabolic associated fatty liver. The effectiveness, safety, and associated health improvement makes MRs use a valuable strategy for several higher risk clinical scenarios where weight reduction is indicated.
Asunto(s)
Restricción Calórica , Obesidad , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Humanos , Restricción Calórica/métodos , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/terapia , Pérdida de Peso/fisiología , Comidas , Ingestión de Energía , Terapia Nutricional/métodos , Dieta Reductora/métodosRESUMEN
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent health conditions worldwide, affecting millions of individuals and posing significant public health challenges. Understanding the nature of type 2 diabetes, its causes, symptoms and treatments is crucial for managing and preventing its complications. Many different dietary strategies are used by individuals to treat and manage diabetes. This review provides an overview of popular dietary strategies that have evidence for improving long-term glycaemic control or achieving diabetes remission, as well as strategies that may be useful to reduce postprandial hyperglycaemia, which may be of use in the prevention of diabetes, but also as strategies for those already diagnosed but trying to manage their condition better. Recent clinical trials have provided evidence that in people living with type 2 diabetes who also live with overweight or obesity, using a total diet replacement weight loss programme results in significant and substantial weight loss, and as a result, many people can achieve remission from their diabetes. There has been considerable interest in whether similar effects can be achieved without reliance on formula foods, using real diet approaches. Reduced or low-carbohydrate diet approaches hold some promise, with observational or preliminary findings suggesting beneficial effects, but evidence from robust trials or systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials is still lacking. The Mediterranean dietary pattern, low in saturated fat and high in monounsaturated fat, also has some potential, with evidence to suggest some people can lose weight and achieve remission using this approach, which may be easier to adhere to longer term than more intensive total diet replacement and low-carbohydrate strategies. Plant-based diets that advocate for the elimination of animal-based and/or animal-derived foods have increased in popularity. There is evidence from epidemiological studies that people who follow these diets have a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and evidence from trials and systematic reviews of trials that changing to a dietary pattern lower in animal-based and animal-derived foods has benefits on glycaemic control and other markers of cardiovascular disease. While these approaches all provide food or nutrient prescriptions, approaches that incorporate periods of fasting do not provide rules on the types of foods that can or cannot be consumed, but rather provide time windows of when to eat. Evidence suggests that these approaches can be as effective in achieving energy restriction and weight loss as approaches that advocate continuous energy restriction, and there is evidence for benefits on glycaemic control independent of weight loss. Finally, popular dietary strategies that may be useful to use or combine to help prevent postprandial hyperglycaemia include reducing the glycaemic index or glycaemic load of the diet, high-fibre diets, eating foods in a meal in the order vegetables > protein > carbohydrates, preloading or combining acids such as vinegar or lemon juice with meals and engaging in low-intensity aerobic exercise immediately after meals.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Control Glucémico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Humanos , Control Glucémico/métodos , Dieta Mediterránea , Glucemia/metabolismo , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/terapia , Obesidad/complicaciones , Hiperglucemia/prevención & control , Dieta Baja en Carbohidratos/métodos , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
Yogurt consumption may help reduce chronic inflammation associated with obesity. However, the underlying mechanism(s) by which yogurt consumption modulates the immune system have not been validated in human intervention studies. We hypothesized that 4-week yogurt consumption (12 oz/day) attenuates systemic inflammation by modulating the proportion of circulating T helper (Th) 17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells in adult women with elevated body mass index (BMI). To test the hypothesis, we conducted a randomized crossover dietary intervention study consisted of a 4-week dietary intervention in which participants consumed 12 oz of either low-fat dairy yogurt or a soy pudding control snack per day, with a 4-week washout between treatments. Thirty-nine healthy adult women with a BMI between 25 and 40 kg/m2 were enrolled and 20 completed the study. Changes in the biometrics, circulating T cells, and markers of systemic and colonic inflammation were assessed between the 2 treatment groups, as well as 24-hour diet recalls were conducted at baseline and following each treatment. The primary study outcome, the change in the proportion of circulating Th17 cells, was unaffected by the treatments. Secondary outcome measures, circulating Treg, Th17, and markers of chronic inflammation, were maintained by yogurt treatment, whereas circulating Treg was increased and interleukin-10 was reduced by control snack treatment. However, circulating Treg changes were not associated with changes to other biomarkers of inflammation, implying other immune cells and/or tissues may mediate circulating biomarkers of chronic inflammation. This study was approved by the University of Wisconsin-Madison institutional review board and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04149418.