RESUMEN
A propósito de un caso clínico de peritonitis causado por el anamorfo de Neurospora intermedia (tipo de apareamiento A) en un paciente con antecedentes de insuficiencia renal crónica en peritoneodiálisis, se hace necesario comentar para el micólogo médico algunos alcances de la biología de los integrantes de este interesante género de ascomicete filamentoso. Se describen los aspectos históricos, ecológicos, morfológicos, taxonómicos, genéticos, filogenéticos y patológicos más relevantes de Neurospora, debido a su enorme contribución como modelo de organísmo en el desarrollo de la genética y la biología molecular.
Asunto(s)
Ambiente , Neurospora/clasificación , Neurospora/crecimiento & desarrollo , Neurospora/genética , Neurospora/patogenicidadRESUMEN
Neurospora and Gelasinospora are traditionally distinguished by the ornamentation pattern of the surface of their ascospores, which are ribbed in the former and pitted in the latter. However, a detailed examination of the morphology of numerous strains of most of the species of both genera confirm the hypothesis that there are not enough criteria to distinguish them from each other. The names Neurospora and Gelasinospora are synonymized and the circumscription of the genus Neurospora amended. Partial sequences of the 28S rDNA gene from 27 species of both genera were analysed to infer their phylogenetic relationships. Species of the two genera were interspersed in the different clades and confirmed that they are genetically very similar. The grouping obtained demonstrates that the morphology of the episporial-layer of the ascospores is an informative phylogenetic character. Two recent isolates from soils of Nigeria and Spain, which could not be classified as any known species of Neurospora are described, illustrated, and recognized as new: N. nigeriensis and N. uniporata spp. nov. A synopsis and key to the 49 species of Neurospora now recognized in the genus is presented, and the new genus Pseudogelasinospora described to accommodate P. amorphoporcata (syn. Gelasinospora amorphoporcata comb. nov.).
Asunto(s)
Neurospora/clasificación , Microbiología del Suelo , Secuencia de Bases , ADN de Hongos/química , ADN de Hongos/genética , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Neurospora/genética , Neurospora/ultraestructura , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Ribosómico 28S/química , ARN Ribosómico 28S/genética , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Oito linhagens de Neurospora sp. foram isoladas de beiju, em várias regiöes do Estado do Maranhäo, Brasil. As linhagens apresentaram um agradável aroma de frutas no meio da cultura, enquanto que, as linhagens de Neurospora da coleçäo de cultura NRRL e outras linhagens de Neurospora isoladas de solo na regiäo de Säo Paulo, näo produziram aroma de frutas. Foi detectado por Cromatografia Gasosa por "Headspace" fque o composto responsável pelo aroma de frutas era o etil hexanoato. Além disto, as linhagens de Neurospora sp. isoladas do Maranhäo produziram 3-metil-1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol, acetato de etila e etanol.