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OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine the incidence of femoral neuropathy in patients with haemophilia exhibiting iliopsoas haemorrhage. METHODS: Patients with iliopsoas haemorrhage confirmed by ultrasonography or CT scan were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 44 episodes of iliopsoas haemorrhage occurred in 20 patients with haemophilia (A17, B3). Most episodes in patients without inhibitors (14/16 = 87.5%) were adequately treated followed by prophylaxis. However, 11 of 28 episodes (39.3%) in patients with inhibitors were adequately treated and no prophylaxis was provided. An appropriate rehabilitation programme was arranged during hospitalisation and follow-up. Femoral neuropathy was observed in 28 of 44 episodes, while 16 episodes of persistent femoral neuropathy from previous bleeding were excluded. As a result, 11 of 28 episodes (39.3%) of femoral neuropathy were similarly found amongst patients with and without inhibitors. The mean time of onset and resolution of femoral neuropathy were 3.7 (1.8) and 23.4 (20.5) days after the onset of iliopsoas haemorrhage, respectively. Patients receiving inadequate and delayed replacement had a significantly higher rate of femoral neuropathy than those who received adequate and prompt replacement. CONCLUSION: Femoral neuropathy following iliopsoas haemorrhage was common in haemophilia patients with and without inhibitors.

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This report describes the case of a 56-year-old male who developed unilateral right anterior thigh numbness which began 16 hours after receiving his second Moderna COVID-19 vaccine in the left deltoid. The numbness persisted and after one week a circular, raised, painless area with a red border appeared in the center of the anterior thigh which resolved after 2 weeks spontaneously. There was no clinical history or risk factors consistent with meralgia paresthetica. At his 6 month follow up the patient reported that his symptoms spontaneously resolved. While many other non-specific neurologic side effects of COVID-19 vaccines have been documented, this is the first case of meralgia paresthetica documented after a vaccine without any other risk factors for the syndrome. COVID vaccines should be considered as a potential cause of very localized peripheral neuropathy.

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review article summaries the epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentations, and latest treatment modalities of meralgia paresthetica, including the latest data about peripheral and spinal cord stimulation therapy. Meralgia paresthetica (MP) causes burning, stinging, or numbness in the anterolateral part of the thigh, usually due to compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). RECENT FINDINGS: There are emerging data regarding the benefit of interventional pain procedures, including steroid injection and radiofrequency ablation, and other interventions including spinal cord and peripheral nerve stimulation reserved for refractory cases. The strength of evidence for treatment choices in meralgia paraesthetica is weak. Some observational studies are comparing local injection of corticosteroid versus surgical interventions. However, more extensive studies are needed regarding the long-term benefit of peripheral and spinal cord stimulation therapy.

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Meralgia paresthetica is a neurological disorder caused by a neuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Its aetiology can be spontaneous or iatrogenic. It is characterized by pain, paresthesia, and numbness in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, although image and neurophysiological tests can be useful as well. Despite conservative measures use to be effective in most of patients, refractory cases can benefit from alternative treatments. Available surgical procedures are: nerve decompression (neurolysis) or section (neurectomy) and radiofrequency ablation. We present a case of refractory meralgia paresthetica where spinal cord stimulation was used as a possible effective technique in pain relief and to avoid the neurectomy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.

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We present a 38-year-old morbidly obese male who presented with functionally limiting bilateral anterior thigh pain consistent with meralgia paresthetica. His symptoms had been unresponsive to conservative measures which included physical therapy, oral medications and multiple nerve blocks. Patient underwent a trial of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), experiencing 70% of pain relief. He then underwent permanent SCS implant. At subsequent follow-ups 3 and 6 months later, he continued to report 70% improvement of his pain, as well as improved function and quality of life. To our knowledge, this is only the second reported case of successful treatment of meralgia paresthetica with SCS, and the first in a morbidly obese patient.

We report a case of a 38-year-old obese male who presented with meralgia paresthetica, a condition characterized by abnormal sensation and nerve pain to the outer aspect of the thigh, limiting his ability to perform activities of daily living. His pain was unresponsive to multiple treatment options such as physical therapy, oral medications and a series of injections with local anesthetic and corticosteroid medications. We then proceeded with spinal cord stimulation, which consists of implanting a device that provides low levels of electrical current to the spinal cord, in hopes of alleviating his pain. After implantation of the device, at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, he was able to achieve 70% improvement of his pain, with the ability to perform his daily activities. This is the second case reported of the use of spinal cord stimulation for this type of condition.

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OBJECTIVE: Meralgia paresthetica (MP) is an entrapment neuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). We report a rare case of MP after microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery in the park-bench position in a patient with hemifacial spasm. CASE: The patient was a nondiabetic 46-year-old woman (height: 155 cm, weight: 42 kg) who consumed alcohol infrequently. After a first MVD for right hemifacial spasm, the symptom recurred and she underwent a second MVD procedure in the park-bench position, after which hemifacial spasm resolved. However, she reported right anterolateral thigh pain and dysesthesia without motor weakness. The pain was limited to the LFCN area, and a pelvic compression test elicited a positive Tinel-like sign. Our preliminary diagnosis was MP. Because conservative therapy was ineffective, she underwent LFCN block 9 months after the second MVD procedure. Her pain improved dramatically and we made a definitive diagnosis of MP. There has been no recurrence after 30 months of observation, although she reported persistent mild dysesthesia in the LFCN area. CONCLUSION: MP is a rare complication after MVD surgery in the park-bench position. LFCN block can resolve symptoms and hasten diagnosis.

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Bernhardt-Roth syndrome (BRS) is a neurological condition characterised by pain, burning or numbness in anterolateral thigh due to entrapment of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). The possible aetiologies can be mechanical, iatrogenic, neuropathic or idiopathic. After consent for possible publication, we are discussing a case of pain management in a 38-year-old patient with BRS secondary to diabetes. The coherent history, uncontrolled glycaemic status and reduced nerve conduction velocity for LFCN helped reach the diagnosis. Initial treatment with pharmacotherapy, steroid LFCN block and conventional pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) provided moderate temporary pain relief. Extended PRF over 8 min provided significant analgesia without any complications. Physical therapy, adequate glycaemic control and extended PRF provided complete pain relief and improved function over 6 months of follow-up duration. Hence, a cautious multifaceted approach targeting the basic aetiology with extended PRF helped achieve significant analgesia in our refractory case of BRS.

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BACKGROUND: Non-systemic vasculitic peripheral neuropathy is a rare condition characterized by necrotizing inflammation resulting in luminal narrowing of the vasa nervorum, leading to ischemic injury to peripheral nerves. Here, we present the case of 63-year-old woman with subacute onset of severe hyperesthesia of the lower extremities accompanied by foot drop. CASE REPORT: A 63-year-old woman with prolonged history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus presented with subacute onset of severe bilateral lower extremity hyperesthesia and motor weakness along with left-sided foot drop. She had multiple emergency room visits with no relief of her symptoms. High doses of analgesics were insufficient to control pain. Laboratory tests were positive only for high erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. A skin biopsy obtained 5 cm above the left lateral malleolus revealed medium-sized dermal vasculitis with dense mononuclear infiltrate. Electromyography showed peripheral neuropathy. A nerve biopsy was needed to reveal the exact diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of non-systemic vasculitic peripheral neuropathy can be delayed or missed in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, leading to significant morbidity. Elevated markers of inflammation in the absence of a possible explanation should prompt the clinician to perform a nerve biopsy; however, it is an invasive procedure and is associated with complications of post-neuropathic pain and delayed wound healing. Magnetic resonance angiography of the lower limbs, if combined with skin biopsy, can save the patient from undergoing nerve biopsy.

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In the United States, duloxetine has been approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in the adult population. Data regarding the use of duloxetine in the pediatric population, however, are very limited. Femoral nerve injury is a rare complication of cardiac catheterization. In the case described, duloxetine contributed to a successful multimodal treatment program for peripheral neuropathic pain due to femoral neuropathy in an adolescent with 'reactive depression' and conversion symptoms. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present article is only the third such report on this dual use of duloxetine in children and adolescents, and the first report of such treatment following femoral neuropathy induced by cardiac catheterization.

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The gait pattern of a 35-year-old man with longstanding, left femoral nerve palsy was assessed using 3-dimensional kinematic and kinetic analysis. Stability of his left knee in stance was achieved by manipulating the external moments of the limb so that the ground reaction force passes in front of the knee joint. This compensatory mechanism of locking the knee in extension is reliant on the posterior capsular structures. The patient was managed conservatively and continued to walk without aids.

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Introducción. Los hematomas del músculo psoas-ilíaco son problemas infrecuentes que veremos en pacientes con factores predisponentes. La presentación clínica es muy variada, lo que puede afectar al mantenimiento de la hemodinamia. Casos clínicos. Presentamos 3 casos clínicos atendidos en nuestro hospital, todos ellos con tratamiento conservador: fue efectivo en 2 casos y una paciente falleció. Comentarios. Los músculos psoas-ilíacos son estructuras fundamentales en el mantenimiento de la postura y la flexión de la cadera. Los hematomas de estos músculos suelen aparecer en pacientes con alteraciones de la coagulación, y causan desde ligeras molestias locales hasta cuadros de shock hipovolémico. Deberán estudiarse mediante pruebas de imagen, como ecografía y tomografía computarizada, que permitirán decidir la actitud terapéutica más adecuada, generalmente requerirán tratamiento conservador con reposo y analgesia, y recuperarán siempre la capacidad coagulante de la sangre (AU)

Introduction. Hematomas of the iliopsoas muscle are uncommon problems that are seen in patients withpredisposing factors. They have a varied clinical presentation which may even alter hemodynamics maintenance. Case reports. We present 3 clinical cases reports on patients treated conservatively at our hospital. The outcome was successful in two of them and resulted in death in the other. Comments. Iliopsoas muscles are essential structures in the maintenance of posture and hip flexion. Hematomas of these muscles usually occur in patients with coagulation disorders, causing from mild local discomfort to hypovolemic shock. They can be diagnosed by imaging tests such as ultrasound and computed tomography, which enable us to decide the most appropriate therapeutic approach, usually requiring conservative management that includes rest and analgesia, together to the recover of blood clotting ability (AU)

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In this study, the conduction of the femoral nerve has been evaluated in diabetic patients without clinical signs of femoral nerve involvement and in a group of healthy subjects. METHODS: Forty-eight patients have been included in the study. Patients have been examined in terms of neuropathy and their neuropathy scores have been calculated. In addition to the nerve conduction studies have been performed. The findings of the diabetic patients have been compared with those of the 26 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: There has been a statistically significant difference between diabetics and the healthy volunteers in the control group in terms of both femoral nerve motor latency and amplitude. The femoral latencies of patients have significantly been related to the total neuropathy score. A significant difference between diabetic patients without polyneuropathy and the controls was observed with respect to their femoral latencies. CONCLUSION: In our study, femoral nerve conduction abnormalities have been determined in diabetics who clinically did not have femoral nerve involvement. It has been observed that these abnormalities become more evident as the polyneuropathy of the patients becomes more serious. Our study has shown that femoral nerve conductions may increase the sensitivity of the diagnosis of polyneuropathy.

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Objetivo: Presentar un caso de neuropatía femoral bilateral postoperatoria ocurrida tras una operación de prostatectomía radical retropúbica. Métodos: Describimos el caso de un paciente de 72 años operado de prostatectomía radical. La anestesia fue combinada; general y raquídea. La incisión fue media infraumbilical. Se utilizó un separador automático marca Omnitract. En el postoperatorio inmediato el paciente presentó un cuadro de neuropatía femoral bilateral, con dificultad para la extensión de rodillas y flexión de caderas, disminución del reflejo rotuliano, y falta de sensibilidad en cara anterior de muslos. Se realizó RMN para descartar patología raquídea. Resultados: Los síntomas mejoraron bastante en una semana, recuperándose completamente en dos meses. Conclusión: La neuropatía femoral es una complicación rara tras la cirugía pélvica. En nuestro caso creemos que se debió a compresión nerviosa provocada por el separador (AU)

Objective: To report one case of postoperative lateral femoral neuropathy presenting after a retropubic radical prostatectomy. We review the topic. Methods: We describe the case of a 72-year-old patient undergoing radical prostatectomy. Combined anesthesia, general and spinal, was given. A self-retaining automatic retractor (Omnitract™) was employed. In the immediate postoperative period the patient presented bilateral femoral neuropathy, with difficulties for knees extension and hips flexion, diminished patellar reflex, and absence of sensitivity in the anterior area of the thighs. MRI was performed to rule out spinal pathology. Results: The symptoms improved a lot within a week, completely recovering after two months. Conclusions: Femoral neuropathy is a rare complication after pelvic surgery. In our case we believe it was secondary to nerve compression by the retractor (AU)

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Femoral mononeuropathy (FMN) as an extraarticular finding of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a phenomenon which has not been reported previously. We report a 53-year-old female patient with RA, presenting FMN findings during the course of the disease. On examination, right quadriceps and iliopsoas muscles showed grade 3 weakness on the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Sensory examination revealed sensory loss in the right medial leg and thigh. Patellar tendon reflex was absent in the right side. A diagnosis of a partial right femoral neuropathy was confirmed using nerve conduction study and electromyography. The probable mechanism of FMN was thought to be vasculitis.

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Se presentan cuatro casos de neuropatía femoral secundarios a cirugía urológica, el primero tras lumbotomía derecha hace más de 20 años y los otros tres en los últimos cuatro años, con incisión iliaca. Se comentan los mecanismos de producción de la lesión, evolución, tratamiento y prevención de esta infrecuente complicación neurológica y se revisa la literatura sobre dicha patología en la actividad urológica

We present four cases of femoral neuropathy due to urological surgery, first case happened after right lumbotomy twenty years ago and the other three cases in the last four years after iliac incision. We review lesion production mecanism, evolution, treatment and prevention of this rare neurological complication. We do a literature review about this pathology related with urological activity

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The femoral neuralgia is a rather frequent and invalidating clinical disorder. It takes on many clinical forms because of the anatomical variations of the cutaneous branches of saphenous and femoral nerves. The neuroplasticity of the somato-sensory system has now been determined which allows for a better understanding of the techniques of somatosensory rehabilitation. The authors precisely explain the various stages necessary in the care of patients suffering from femoral neuralgia. The various strategies of somatosensory rehabilitation are mentioned. The authors also present a brief review of the pharmacological treatments of peripheral neuropathic pain. Lastly, the result of the somatosensory rehabilitation of femoral neuralgia (NNT = 1.8) is documented on the basis of a prospective study done on 59 patients.

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