RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine ideal insufflation pressures during transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) in canine cadavers for rectal submucosal transection and incisional closure. ANIMALS: 16 canine cadavers. PROCEDURES: Cadavers were placed in lateral recumbency. Urinary catheters were placed to measure intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). A single access port was placed to establish a pneumorectum. Cadavers were placed in insufflation groups of 6 mmHg to 8 mmHg (group 1), 10 mmHg to 12 mmHg (group 2), or 14 mmHg to 16 mmHg (group 3). Defects in the rectal submucosa were created and closed with a unidirectional barbed suture. Duration for each procedure and subjective ease of identifying the transection plane and performing incisional closure were assessed. RESULTS: The single access port was successfully placed in dogs weighing 22.7 kg to 48 kg. The ease of each step of the procedure was not influenced by the insufflation pressure. The median surgical duration for group 1 was 740 seconds (range = 564 to 951 seconds), 879 seconds (range = 678 to 991 seconds) for group 2, and 749 seconds (range = 630 to 1,244 seconds) for group 3 (P = .650). The insufflation pressure increased the IAP (P = .007). Perforation of the rectum happened in 2 cadavers in group 3. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The duration of each step of the procedure was not significantly influenced by insufflation pressure. Defining the dissection plane and performing resection was more challenging in the highest-pressure group. Rectal perforation occurred only with the 14 mmHg to 16 mmHg insufflation pressure. Single access port usage with TAMIS may provide a readily available, minimally invasive approach for the resection of rectal tumors in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Insuflación , Neoplasias del Recto , Cirugía Endoscópica Transanal , Perros , Animales , Recto/cirugía , Recto/patología , Insuflación/efectos adversos , Insuflación/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Cirugía Endoscópica Transanal/métodos , Cirugía Endoscópica Transanal/veterinaria , CadáverRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To report complications and long-term outcomes after submucosal resections of benign and malignant epithelial rectal masses. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective multicentric study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Medical records of 93 dogs at 7 referral hospitals. METHODS: Records were reviewed for surgical time, diagnosis, margins, complications, and recurrences. Survival of dogs was evaluated based on tumor types, categorized as benign, carcinoma in situ, and carcinoma. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox proportional hazards analysis were used to determine the association of a range of variables with recurrence and survival time. RESULTS: Duration of follow up was 708 days (range, 25-4383). Twenty-seven dogs (29%) developed complications. Recurrence was identified in 20/93 (21%), with 12/20 recurrent masses treated with repeat submucosal resection. Median survival was not reached in any group. The 1-,2-, 5-year survival rates for carcinomas were 95%, 89%, and 73% respectively. However, overall survival was longer for benign tumors than carcinomas (P = .001). Recurrence was more likely when complications (P = .032) or incomplete margins (P = .023) were present. Recurrence was associated with an increased risk of death (P = .046). CONCLUSION: Submucosal resection of both benign and malignant rectal masses was associated with a low rate of severe complications and prolonged survival in the 93 dogs described here. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Submucosal resection is a suitable technique for resection of selected rectal masses.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma , Enfermedades de los Perros , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias del Recto , Animales , Carcinoma/cirugía , Carcinoma/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Perros , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Recto/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A 15-year-old captive female Urutu snake (Bothrops alternatus) was presented with anorexia, apathy, dehydration, pale mucous membranes and marked enlargement of the caudal third of the coelomic cavity. Radiographs and ultrasonography were suggestive of faecal impaction or neoplasia. Post-mortem findings consisted of solid faecal impaction of the intestines, secondary to obstruction caused by a rectal tumour. Cytological examination of impression smears of the tumour revealed polygonal to round neoplastic cells arranged in clusters in an abundant extracellular mucinous matrix. Histologically, there was transmural growth of neoplastic epithelial cells arranged in small nests or individually and immersed in abundant extracellular mucin lakes. The neoplastic cells were immunopositive for cytokeratin. Clinical and pathological aspects indicated a diagnosis of mucinous rectal adenocarcinoma.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso , Bothrops , Neoplasias del Recto , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/veterinaria , Animales , Animales de Zoológico , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinariaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) for submucosal rectal resection in large breed dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Cadaveric study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Canine cadavers (n = 6) weighing between 37.5 and 60 kg. METHODS: Dogs were positioned in sternal recumbency. After rectal cleansing, a transanal access platform was placed in the rectum, and a pneumorectum was established. An area of ventral rectal wall approximately 2 × 2 cm was resected in a submucosal plane by using laparoscopic instruments and submitted for histopathological evaluation. The rectal wall defect was closed with a single-layer continuous suture pattern with barbed suture. Postoperatively, the rectum was removed en bloc and evaluated for suture or surgical penetration of the serosal surface. RESULTS: Submucosal rectal resection was successfully completed by using TAMIS in all dogs. The median length of resected specimens after fixation was 24.5 mm (range 9.8-26.5). In two of six dogs, suture was macroscopically visible on the serosal surface, but no dogs had evidence of iatrogenic full-thickness surgical penetration of the rectum. The median distance from the aborad extent of the suture closure line to the anocutaneous junction was 35 mm (range, 35-105). CONCLUSION: Submucosal resection of the canine rectal wall was feasible in large breed dogs by using TAMIS. No evidence of full-thickness penetration of the rectal wall was seen in these cadaveric specimens. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Transanal minimally invasive surgery may provide an alternative minimally invasive approach for resection for benign adenomatous rectal polyps in large breed dogs that might otherwise require a rectal pull-through.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Perros/cirugía , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Recto/cirugía , Cirugía Endoscópica Transanal/veterinaria , Animales , Cadáver , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/instrumentación , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/métodos , Femenino , Laparoscopía/veterinaria , Masculino , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Cirugía Endoscópica Transanal/instrumentación , Cirugía Endoscópica Transanal/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe a temporary end-on colostomy to treat the dehiscence of a transanal rectal pull-through in a dog. STUDY DESIGN: Case report ANIMAL: A 7-year-old intact female Australian shepherd dog that was treated for a rectal adenocarcinoma with a transanal rectal pull-through. METHODS: Partial dehiscence of the previous end-to-end colorectal anastomosis and formation of a perianal sinus tract were diagnosed 4 days after surgery. A pararectal approach was used to revise the surgery with debridement of the sinus tract, rectal wall reconstruction with single interrupted sutures, and placement of a passive drain. Dehiscence occurred 2 days later. The colon was transected cranial to the pelvic brim, and each stump was oversewn prior to salvage temporary end-on colostomy. Postoperative care included analgesia, antibiotic therapy, and local care of the perineal/perianal area and colostomy site. After 90 days, the perineal/perianal sinus tract had healed, the colostomy was eliminated, and an end-to-end anastomosis of the colon was performed. RESULTS: Management of postoperative complications focused on dermatitis of the stoma and perineal/perianal area, stoma incontinence, and perineal/perianal medications of the sinus tract. One year after the final surgery, the dog had occasional episodes of fecal incontinence and a good quality of life without other complications. CONCLUSION: Use of a temporary end-on colostomy prior to revision surgery led to a satisfactory outcome but required long and challenging postoperative management. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Temporary end-on colostomy may be an option to manage dehiscence and potential recurrent stenosis after transanal rectal pull-through in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Anastomosis Quirúrgica/veterinaria , Colostomía/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Dehiscencia de la Herida Operatoria/veterinaria , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Animales , Colon/cirugía , Perros , Femenino , Perineo/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Recto/patología , Dehiscencia de la Herida Operatoria/cirugíaRESUMEN
Two rare cases of malignant rectal melanoma in dogs are described. Tumors were locally invasive and composed of spindle cells arranged in interweaving bundles, sheets, and nests within preexisting fibrovascular stroma. Mitotic count was high. The diagnosis was achieved based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry for PNL2 and melan-A.
Mélanome rectal malin chez 2 chiens. Deux cas rares de mélanome rectal malin chez les chiens sont décrits. Les tumeurs étaient localement envahissantes et composées de cellules fusiformes disposées en faisceaux entrelacés, de feuilles et de nids dans le stroma fibrovasculaire préexistant. Le compte mitotique était élevé. Le diagnostic a été réalisé sur la base de l'histopathologie et de l'immunohistochimie pour le PNL2 et le melan-A.(Traduit par les auteurs).
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Melanoma/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Recto/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE To evaluate colonoscopic and histologic features of rectal masses in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 82 client-owned dogs with rectal masses that underwent colonoscopy. PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs with rectal masses that underwent colonoscopy were reviewed. History, signalment, clinical signs, results of physical examination, diagnostic imaging findings, and results of colonoscopy (including complications) were recorded. When available, tissue samples obtained during colonoscopy and by means of surgical biopsy were reviewed by a single board-certified pathologist. Histologic features and tumor grade (when applicable) of tissue samples obtained during colonoscopy versus surgical biopsy were compared. RESULTS Multiple rectal masses were observed during colonoscopy in 6 of the 82 dogs, but no lesions were visualized orad to the colorectal junction. Results of histologic evaluation of surgical biopsy specimens were consistent with a diagnosis of epithelial neoplasia in 58 of 64 dogs, of which 71% were classified as benign adenoma or polyp and 29% were classified as adenocarcinoma in situ or adenocarcinoma. Complications of colonoscopy occurred in 3 of 82 dogs but were considered minor. A discrepancy in diagnosis occurred in 5 of 16 dogs for which both colonoscopic and surgical biopsy samples were available for histologic review. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that multiple rectal masses are uncommon in dogs, and secondary lesions orad to the colorectal junction were not found in this study. Colonoscopy was associated with few complications, but the need for colonoscopic assessment of the entire colon in this patient population may merit reevaluation.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiología , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Animales , Colonoscopía/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Registros Médicos , Linaje , Neoplasias del Recto/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Canine gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are a recent subtype of gastrointestinal spindle cell tumor recognized with the increasing use of immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge, no imaging features have been described in immunostochemically confirmed canine GISTs. The objective of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to describe ultrasonographic features of canine GISTs compared with other spindle cell tumors. Thirty-seven dogs with an ultrasonographically visible gastrointestinal mass and a histopathologic diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasia were examined. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed for retrieved tissue samples to further differentiate the tumor type and each sample was interpreted by a single veterinary pathologist. Ultrasonographic features recorded examined included mass echogenicity, homogeneity, presence of cavitation, layer of origin, bowel wall symmetry, and loss of wall layering, location, size, vascularity, and evidence of perforation or ulceration. Tumor types included 19 GISTs, eight leiomyosarcomas, six leiomyomas, and four nonspecified sarcomas. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors were significantly more likely to be associated (P < 0.03) with abdominal effusion than other tumor types. There was overlap between the anatomical locations of all tumors types with the exception of the cecum where all eight tumors identified were GISTs. Besides location, there were no unique ultrasound features of GISTs that would allow distinction from other gastrointestinal spindle cell tumors. Similar to previous studies, GISTs appeared to be the most common spindle cell tumor associated with the cecum in our sample of dogs. The high frequency of abdominal effusion with GIST's was of unknown etiology could possibly have been due to septic peritonitis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales/veterinaria , Tumores del Estroma Gastrointestinal/veterinaria , Animales , Neoplasias del Ciego/veterinaria , Estudios Transversales , Perros , Neoplasias Duodenales/veterinaria , Femenino , Fibrosarcoma/veterinaria , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales/diagnóstico por imagen , Tumores del Estroma Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias del Yeyuno/veterinaria , Leiomioma/veterinaria , Leiomiosarcoma/veterinaria , Masculino , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sarcoma/veterinaria , Neoplasias Gástricas/veterinaria , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of and factors associated with complications following rectal pull-through (RPT) surgery and the outcome for dogs with rectal tumors. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 74 dogs with rectal masses. PROCEDURES: Information regarding signalment, history, diagnostic testing, type of rectal disease, surgical details, and postoperative complications, treatments, and outcomes was obtained from medical records and follow-up communications. Survival times were calculated. Descriptive statistics were generated. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of various variables on the development of postsurgical complications and survival time. RESULTS: 58 (78.4%) dogs developed postsurgical complications, the most common of which was fecal incontinence with 42 (56.8%) dogs affected, of which 23 (54.8%) developed permanent incontinence. Other complications included diarrhea (n = 32), tenesmus (23), stricture formation (16), rectal bleeding (8), constipation (7), dehiscence (6), and infection (4). The rectal tumor recurred in 10 dogs. The median survival time was 1,150 days for all dogs and 726 days for dogs with malignant tumors. The 2 most common rectal masses were rectal carcinoma and rectal carcinoma in situ, and the dogs with these tumors had median survival times of 696 and 1,006 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dogs with rectal diseases that underwent RPT surgery had a high incidence of complications; however, those dogs had good local tumor control and survival times. The risk and impact of postsurgical complications on the quality of life and oncological outcomes should be discussed with owners before RPT surgery is performed in dogs with rectal masses.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Animales , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Recto/cirugía , Estudios RetrospectivosAsunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves/diagnóstico , Loros , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Animales , Enfermedades de las Aves/patología , Femenino , Neoplasias del Recto/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Recto/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively evaluate the clinical behaviour and immunophenotype of lymphoma of the rectum in dogs. METHODS: Eleven dogs diagnosed with lymphoma of the rectum on histopathology were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemistry with CD3 and CD79a antibodies was performed at diagnosis or retrospectively. RESULTS: Treatment protocol varied with six dogs undergoing surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, two received chemotherapy after only incisional biopsy, one had surgical resection only, one was treated symptomatically and one dog was not treated. Chemotherapy treatment consisted of either a -low-dose COP (cyclophosphamide - prednisolone - vincristine) protocol (four dogs) or a six-week CHOP-based (cyclophosphamide - vincristine - -prednisolone - anthracycline) protocol (four dogs). Dogs that received chemotherapy lived significantly longer than dogs that did not receive chemotherapy (2352 versus 70 days). Median survival time was not reached, and there was an overall mean survival time of 1697 days. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 10 of 11 samples, and was consistent with B-cell -lymphoma in all cases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Canine lymphoma of the rectum is associated with a favourable prognosis. Immunohistochemical evaluation of these lesions was consistent with B-cell lymphoma in all cases in which it was examined.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Linfoma/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Perros , Femenino , Inmunohistoquímica/veterinaria , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma/cirugía , Masculino , Pronóstico , Neoplasias del Recto/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Recto/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
An 11-year-old female American Cocker Spaniel was presented with a rectal mass that protruded through the anus. Cytologically, the mass was composed of neoplastic round cells consistent with an extramedullary plasmacytoma. Histiocytic sarcoma, carcinoid tumor, and melanoma were also considered because of the presence of golden-brown cytoplasmic granules. Histopathologic findings and immunohistochemical reactivity for lambda light chains confirmed the cytologic diagnosis of plasmacytoma. Prussian blue staining identified the cytoplasmic granules as hemosiderin. The granules were negative by Fontana Masson and Grimelius histochemistry. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an extramedullary plasmacytoma containing hemosiderin in a dog.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Hemosiderina/metabolismo , Plasmacitoma/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Perros , Femenino , Plasmacitoma/metabolismo , Plasmacitoma/patología , Plasmacitoma/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugíaRESUMEN
Both benign and malignant rectal masses occur in dogs. The mainstay of treatment is surgical excision with adjuvant therapy based on histopathological diagnosis and completeness of removal. Location of the mass within the rectum helps dictate the approach used. This paper describes the use of a novel technique for removal of rectal masses involving the distal third of the rectum in seven dogs. To perform this technique, the rectum is prolapsed and stay sutures are placed to maintain prolapse. A thoracoabdominal stapling device is placed at the base of the mass with a minimum of 0.5- to 1-cm margins, and the mass is amputated. Mean time to veterinarian follow-up was 564 days, and no dog had recurrence of disease during this time.
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Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Grapado Quirúrgico/veterinaria , Animales , Colorado , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Neoplasias del Recto/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Facultades de Medicina Veterinaria , Engrapadoras Quirúrgicas/veterinaria , Grapado Quirúrgico/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
CASE DESCRIPTION: 6 dogs and a cat were evaluated because of caudal colonic and rectal masses. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Tumors were identified in the caudal portion of the colon (n = 2), in the area of the colorectal junction (2), or in the rectum (3). TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: In all 7 animals, bilateral pubic and ischial osteotomy was performed to provide exposure of the rectum and associated tumor. Masses were successfully removed, and all 7 animals were able to ambulate normally within 3 days after surgery. No complications associated with the osteotomy procedure were identified. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggested that bilateral pubic and ischial osteotomy provided sufficient exposure for resection of intrapelvic tumors in dogs and a cat with minimal complications.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Isquion/cirugía , Osteotomía/veterinaria , Hueso Púbico/cirugía , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Adenocarcinoma/veterinaria , Animales , Gatos , Colon/cirugía , Neoplasias del Colon/cirugía , Neoplasias del Colon/veterinaria , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Neoplasias Colorrectales/veterinaria , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Osteotomía/métodos , Pólipos/cirugía , Pólipos/veterinaria , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Recto/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
A carcinoid tumor was found as a solitary soft mass in the wall of the rectum adjacent to the anorectal junction in an adult Holstein cow. Microscopically, the tumor involved the submucosa and partly invaded the muscular layer. It consisted of a compact arrangement of a great number of large polygonal cells and a small number of small dark cells, some of which showed argyrophilia (Grimelius positive). Immunohistochemically, both types of tumor cells were positive for vimentin, keratin, and S-100 protein and weakly positive for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), whereas they were negative for some endocrine markers such as chromogranin A, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, serotonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and calcitonin. Electron microscopy revealed membrane-bound secretory granules in the cytoplasm of some small dark cells. In such a poorly differentiated carcinoid, the morphologic characteristics of the small dark cells were strong evidence for the diagnosis. This is the first description of a poorly differentiated carcinoid developing in the rectum of a cow.
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Tumor Carcinoide/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Animales , Tumor Carcinoide/diagnóstico , Tumor Carcinoide/patología , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/diagnóstico , Diferenciación Celular , Femenino , Neoplasias del Recto/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Recto/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate transanal endoscopic treatment in the management of benign canine rectal neoplasia. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the response to transanal endoscopic treatment in 13 dogs with extensive rectal neoplasia that was considered inoperable by conventional surgical techniques but was indicated as benign by previous biopsy. RESULTS: Tumours affected the lengths of rectal mucosa varying from 2 to 13 cm. Between 25 and 100 per cent of the rectal circumference was affected in each case. Transanal endoscopic treatment of canine rectal neoplasia was curative in five dogs, palliative in three and associated with a poor result in the remaining five. Complications of the technique included rectal perforation, leading to peritonitis and death. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Transanal endoscopic treatment can be recommended as an alternative to radical, full-thickness rectal excision for the management of extensive but benign canine rectal neoplasia. Owners should be informed that the treatment may be palliative rather than curative and that complications, if they occur, can be fatal. Dogs should be hospitalised for at least five days after treatment and observed for signs of potentially fatal complications such as rectal perforation.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Endoscopía/veterinaria , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Endoscopía/efectos adversos , Endoscopía/métodos , Femenino , Hospitalización , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Recto/lesiones , Recto/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe an anal approach for excision of primary rectal tumors in dogs and to report outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Dogs (n=23) with primary rectal tumors. METHODS: Review of medical records (1990-2000) of dogs with primary rectal neoplasia excised surgically using an anal approach with rectal prolapse. With dogs anesthetized, the rectum was prolapsed, stabilized with stay sutures during tumor excision with 1 cm margins to the level of the muscularis, then the rectal mucosa was sutured. RESULTS: Each dog had only 1 tumor type (adenocarcinoma [8], solitary polyp [5], carcinoma [4], plasmacytoma [2], adenoma [1], leiomyoma [1], mucinous carcinoma [1], and papilloma [1]). Mean tumor volume was 3.1 cm(3) (range 0.1-37.7 cm(3)). Postoperative complications (rectal bleeding [5], tenesmus [4]) were mild and resolved within 7 days after surgery; another dog had partial mucosal dehiscence identified at 6 days. The primary tumor was incompletely excised in 1 dog (4.3%), and local recurrence occurred 16 and 24 months after surgery in 2 dogs. Outcome beyond the immediate postoperative period was known for 18 dogs, including 2 dogs still alive. Mean postoperative disease-free interval for these 18 dogs was 36.8 months (range 5-84 months). CONCLUSION: Surgical excision of tumors of the caudal rectum can be accomplished through the anus after rectal prolapse. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An anal approach facilitated by rectal prolapse should be considered as a viable option for the surgical treatment of selected cases of tumors of the caudal aspect of the rectum in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Canal Anal/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Adenocarcinoma/veterinaria , Animales , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Enfermedades de los Perros/mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Pólipos/cirugía , Pólipos/veterinaria , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/veterinaria , Registros/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Wisconsin/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the role that cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) play in malignant transformation in canine transitional cell carcinoma and rectal tumours. METHODS: Histological sections of 21 canine rectal adenocarcinomas and 18 canine transitional cell carcinomas were stained for COX-1 and COX-2. Mann-Whitney non-parametric tests were applied to determine if there was any relationship between the percentage of cells expressing COX-1 or COX-2, and between COX-1 and COX-2 staining intensity and age, breed or sex. RESULTS: For rectal adenocarcinomas, 19.0 per cent of the sections were negative for COX-1 and COX-2. A further 38.1 per cent of the sections were negative for COX-2 but positive for COX-1, and 38.1 per cent of the sections had rare or occasional single cells positive for COX-2. No significant differences were found in COX staining when compared with age, breed or sex. For transitional cell carcinomas, all of the sections were positive for COX-1 and COX-2. For COX-2 staining, 16.7 per cent had more than 30 per cent positive cells. For COX-1 staining, 38.9 per cent had more than 30 per cent positive cells. There was a significant increase in the percentage of COX-1 positive cells in small breed dogs (P = 0.0337). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The variations in COX expression reported in this study may explain the differences in the clinical response of transitional cell carcinomas and rectal adenocarcinomas following treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/veterinaria , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/enzimología , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintasas/genética , Neoplasias del Recto/veterinaria , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/veterinaria , Adenocarcinoma/enzimología , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Factores de Edad , Animales , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/enzimología , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica , Estudios de Cohortes , Ciclooxigenasa 1/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Perros/genética , Perros , Femenino , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintasas/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Recto/enzimología , Neoplasias del Recto/genética , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/enzimología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/genéticaRESUMEN
An 11-year-old, mixed-breed dog with dyschezia, tenesmus and haematochezia was presented. A rectal stricture caused by an adenocarcinoma was diagnosed. Following the failure of a rectal 'pull-through' procedure, which dehisced seven days later, an incontinent end-on colostomy was performed, allowing amputation of the colorectum with the anus and perineal skin. A two-piece device consisting of a flange and a drainable pouch was used for postoperative faecal evacuation and collection. Mild peristomal dermatitis was the only complication. Patient management was easily carried out by the owner at home, and the dog survived for four months with a satisfactory quality of life. Incontinent end-on colostomy may prove to be a useful treatment for canine annular colorectal tumours.