RESUMEN

The evidence on products for the prevention of radiodermatitis is limited. The primary objective was to analyse the effectiveness of the spray skin protectant 'non-burning barrier film' in the prevention of radiodermatitis with moist desquamation in patients with the anal canal and rectal cancer followed in nursing consultations compared to a standardised moisturiser based on Calendula officinalis and Aloe barbadensis. Single-blind randomised clinical trial. The study was performed in a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with 63 patients undergoing anal canal and rectal cancer treatment, randomised into one of the following two groups: an experimental group, which used a spray skin protectant and a control group, which used a moisturiser. Data were collected using an initial and subsequent evaluation form and were assessed using descriptive and inferential analyses. Participants who used the spray skin protectant had a lower chance of presenting radiodermatitis with moist desquamation and a longer time without this outcome when compared to the control group. The overall incidence of radiodermatitis was 100%, with 36.5% being severe. Furthermore, 17.5% of participants discontinued radiotherapy due to radiodermatitis. There were no differences between the groups regarding the severity of radiodermatitis and the number of patients who discontinued radiotherapy. The skin protectant was effective in preventing radiodermatitis with moist desquamation amongst patients with anal canal and rectal cancer.

Asunto(s)

Radiodermatitis , Neoplasias del Recto , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Método Simple Ciego , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Recto/radioterapia , Radiodermatitis/prevención & control , Radiodermatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Radiodermatitis/etiología , Brasil , Aloe , Adulto , Emolientes/uso terapéutico , Emolientes/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias del Ano , Calendula , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a potentially life-threatening surgical emergency. It is a rapidly progressive infection of soft tissues, and mortality is related to the degree of sepsis and the general condition of the patient. It is a rare condition that requires a rapid diagnosis and surgical treatment is aggressive debridement. There are a small number of reported cases of perforation of a rectal malignancy leading to NF of the thigh. We present a case with rectal cancer in which the sciatic foramen had provided a channel for the spread of pelvic infection into the thigh.

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La fascitis necrotizante es una emergencia quirúrgica potencialmente mortal. Es una infección de tejidos blandos rápidamente progresiva y la mortalidad está relacionada con el grado de sepsis y el estado general del paciente. Es una condición poco común que requiere un diagnóstico rápido, y el tratamiento quirúrgico consiste en un desbridamiento agresivo. Existe un pequeño número de casos notificados de perforación de neoplasia maligna de recto que conduce a fascitis necrotizante del muslo. Presentamos un caso de cáncer de recto en el cual el foramen ciático fue el canal para la propagación de la infección pélvica al muslo.

Asunto(s)

Fascitis Necrotizante , Perforación Intestinal , Neoplasias del Recto , Muslo , Humanos , Fascitis Necrotizante/etiología , Fascitis Necrotizante/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Perforación Intestinal/etiología , Perforación Intestinal/cirugía , Masculino , Desbridamiento , Adenocarcinoma/complicaciones , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nervio Ciático/lesiones , Infección Pélvica/etiología

RESUMEN

AIM: The aim of this work was to evaluate the concordance between the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) and preoperative LARS (POLARS) scores regarding the incidence of LARS in a Chilean population undergoing rectal surgery for cancer in a high-volume hospital. METHOD: The LARS score questionnaire, following telephone requests, was used to determine the presence and severity of LARS. The POLARS score was calculated based on variables described previously. Correlations and qualitative and quantitative concordance were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient, the kappa coefficient and the Bland-Altman plot with Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. RESULTS: A total of 120 patients met the inclusion criteria: 37.5% underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy, 61% underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) and 51.6% underwent ostomy. A total of 49% of patients did not present with LARS, whereas 28% had major LARS. The correlation between scales was poor, with a fair qualitative concordance to determine the presence/absence of LARS and a slight qualitative concordance to determine the degree of the intensity. The quantitative concordance was poor. CONCLUSION: In the Chilean population, concordance between the LARS and POLARS scores was qualitatively fair to determine the presence/absence of the disease and qualitatively slight to determine the degree of intensity. We do not suggest using the POLARS score in the perioperative period in the Chilean population deliberately, as the score may help to determine the presence/absence of LARS but cannot determine its degree of intensity. Additional evaluations are required to determine the factors contributing to the degree of agreement between the scales.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias del Recto , Humanos , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Síndrome de Resección Anterior Baja , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Incidencia , Chile/epidemiología , Hospitales de Alto Volumen , Calidad de Vida

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Colorectal anastomosis leak (AL) is the most feared complication of rectal cancer surgery (1-19%) as it increases morbidity and mortality and worsens oncological outcomes in terms of local recurrence and survival. The publication of the REAL-score index makes it possible to predict the risk of AL and compare the expected results with those obtained. METHOD: Observational, descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study of patients operated on for rectal cancer at the Miguel Servet University Hospital, in Zaragoza, Spain, in 2019. Statistical analysis of morbidity and mortality outcome variables and the REAL-score index using ROC curves. RESULTS: Of 80 patients operated on for rectal cancer, colorectal anastomosis was performed in 52 and temporary ileostomy in 11 (21.2%). Morbidity was high (38.4%), but severe only in 7.7% (Clavien-Dindo IIIb), with no deaths. There were four dehiscences: one type B and three type C. A direct relationship between high risk of AL and the practice of temporary stoma is observed when the cut-off point of the REAL-score exceeds 14.74%. CONCLUSIONS: REAL-score can help in decision-making in rectal cancer surgery. Above a cut-off point, the risk of AL would imply a selective ileostomy.

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ANTECEDENTES: La dehiscencia de la anastomosis colorrectal (DA) es la complicación más temida de la cirugía del cáncer de recto (1-19%), pues incrementa la morbimortalidad y empeora los resultados oncológicos en términos de recidiva local y supervivencia. La publicación del índice REAL-score permite predecir el riesgo de DA y comparar los resultados esperados con los obtenidos. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo, de pacientes intervenidos de cáncer de recto en el Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, en Zaragoza, España, en 2019. Análisis estadístico de variables resultado de morbimortalidad y del índice REAL-score mediante curvas ROC. RESULTADOS: De 80 pacientes intervenidos de cáncer de recto, se realizó anastomosis colorrectal en 52 e ileostomía temporal en 11 (21.2%). La morbilidad fue alta (38.4%), pero grave solo en el 7.7% (Clavien-Dindo IIIb), sin ningún fallecimiento. Hubo cuatro dehiscencias: una de tipo B y tres de tipo C. Se observa una relación directa entre alto riesgo de DA y la práctica de estoma temporal cuando el punto de corte del REAL-score supera el 14.74%. CONCLUSIONES: El REAL-score puede ayudar en la toma de decisiones en la cirugía del cáncer de recto. Por encima de un punto de corte, el riesgo de DA implicaría ileostomía selectiva.

Asunto(s)

Fuga Anastomótica , Neoplasias del Recto , Humanos , Anastomosis Quirúrgica , Fuga Anastomótica/etiología , Toma de Decisiones , Ileostomía/efectos adversos , Pronóstico , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos

RESUMEN

Background: Rectal cancer (RC) is the 3rd most frequent one in Mexico. Protective stoma in resection and anastomosis is controversial. Objective: To compare quality of life (QoL), functional capacity (FC) and complications in rectal cancer (RC) patients with low and ultralow anterior resection (LAR and ULAR) with loop transverse colostomy (LTC) versus protective ileostomy (IP). Material and methods: Comparative, observational study in patients with RC and LTC (Group 1) or IP (Group 2) from 2018-2021. FC pre and postoperative, complications, hospital readmission (HR) and assessment by other specialty (AS) were assessed; QoL was assessed with EQ-5D by telephone. Student-t test, Chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney-U test were used. Results: Group 1: 12 patients: mean preoperative FC: ECOG 0.83, Karnofsky 91.66%; postoperative: ECOG 1, Karnofsky 89.17%. Mean postoperative QoL: index value 0.76 and health status 82.5%; HR: 25%; AS: 42%. Group 2: 10 patients: mean preoperative FC: ECOG 0.80, Karnofsky 90%; postoperative: ECOG 1.5, Karnofsky 84%. Mean postoperative QoL: index value 0.68 and health status 74%; HR: 50%; AS: 80%. Complications: 100% of sample. Conclusion: The differences in QoL, FC and complications between LTC and IP in RC patients operated with LAR/ULAR were not significant.

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Introducción: el cáncer rectal (CR) es el tercero más frecuente en México. El estoma de protección en la resección y anastomosis es controversial. Objetivo: comparar calidad de vida (CV), capacidad funcional (CF) y complicaciones (COMP) en pacientes con CR con resección anterior baja (RAB) y ultrabaja (RAUB) con colostomía de transverso en asa (CTA) frente a ileostomía de protección (IP). Material y métodos: estudio comparativo, observacional, en pacientes con CR con CTA (Grupo 1) o IP (Grupo 2) atendidos en 2018-2021. Se evaluó CF (escalas ECOG y Karnofsky) pre y posquirúrgicas, COMP, reingreso hospitalario (RH) y valoración por otra especialidad (VE). Se evaluó CV con la encuesta EQ-5D vía telefónica. Se utilizó t de Student, Chi cuadrada y U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: grupo1: 12 pacientes; CF media prequirúrgica ECOG: 0.83, Karnofsky: 91.66%; posquirúrgica ECOG: 1, Karnofsky: 89.17%. CV posquirúrgica medias valor índice: 0.76 y estado funcional: 82.5%; RH: 25%, VE: 42%. Grupo 2: 10 pacientes; CF media prequirúrgica ECOG: 0.80, Karnofsky: 90%; CF media postquirúrgica ECOG: 1.5, Karnofsky: 84%; CV medias valor índice: 0.68, estado funcional: 74%; RH: 50%, VE: 80%. COMP: 100% de la muestra. Conclusiones: las diferencias en CV, CF y COMP entre CTA e IP en pacientes con CR con RAB/RAUB no fueron significativas.

Asunto(s)

Colostomía , Neoplasias del Recto , Humanos , Colostomía/efectos adversos , Ileostomía/efectos adversos , Calidad de Vida , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Cryopreservation techniques are used to preserve fertility before cancer treatment with gonadotoxic agents. Herein, we report a case of fertility preservation involving a 29-year-old G0P0 woman, married for one year, who was referred to our hospital for fertility preservation before starting rectal cancer treatment. CASE DESCRIPTION: Ovarian tissue and embryo cryopreservation were performed. Before the procedure, ovarian reserve was evaluated, and antral follicle counts were determined. Laparoscopic ovarian tissue cryopreservation was performed from the left side with a lower antral follicle count. Thus, we were able to keep the number of oocytes obtained in the following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycle at the highest level. Subsequently, the right ovary was transposed into the lateral wall of the abdomen under the peritoneum. Conventionally controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was initiated on the first postoperative day, depending on the menstrual cycle phase. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was performed on four mature oocytes obtained, and one embryo was cryopreserved. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was initiated on the first postoperative day, and the process was repeated on the seventh postoperative day, yielding a total of seven viable embryos for cryopreservation. CONCLUSIONS: There is usually only one chance of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in patients requiring a fertility-sparing approach due to malignancy. In the combined technique, performing ovarian tissue resection from the ovary with a lower number of antral follicles can keep the number of oocytes at the highest level in the following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycle.

Asunto(s)

Preservación de la Fertilidad , Síndrome de Hiperestimulación Ovárica , Neoplasias del Recto , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto , Preservación de la Fertilidad/métodos , Semen , Criopreservación/métodos , Oocitos/fisiología , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía

Asunto(s)

Exenteración Pélvica , Fístula Rectal , Neoplasias del Recto , Humanos , Recto , Fístula Rectal/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence of radiodermatitis, severity grades and predictive factors of its occurrence in patients with anal and rectal cancer followed up by the nursing consultation, and to analyze the association of severity grades of radiodermatitis with temporary radiotherapy interruption. METHOD: a quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective study, carried out with 112 medical records of patients with anal and rectal cancer undergoing curative radiotherapy followed up in the nursing consultation. Data were collected using a form and analyzed using analytical and inferential statistics. RESULTS: 99.1% of patients had radiodermatitis, 34.8% of which were severe. The predictive factors were female sex, age greater than 65 years, anal canal tumor, treatment with cobalt device and IMRT technique. Treatment interruption occurred in 13% of patients, associated with severe radiodermatitis. CONCLUSION: there was a high prevalence of radiodermatitis, mainly severe, which resulted in treatment interruption.

Asunto(s)

Radiodermatitis , Neoplasias del Recto , Anciano , Canal Anal/patología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Radiodermatitis/complicaciones , Radiodermatitis/etiología , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/radioterapia , Estudios Retrospectivos

RESUMEN

Introduction: McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome is a rare condition that arises from a hypersecretory state secondary to large colorectal tumors, mainly villous adenomas, leading to an electrolytic disorder associated with chronic diarrhea that usually persists for years. It is a relatively unknown disease that can lead to severe complications such as acute kidney injury, severe hyponatremia, and hypokalemia. In fact, it causes death in most untreated cases. Surgical removal of the tumor is the most successful treatment, and symptoms tend to disappear after proper management. Case Report: A 62-year-old man with a 2-year history of mucoid diarrhea preceded by abdominal pain presented with acute kidney injury, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia. A digital rectal examination and sigmoidoscopy were performed, and revealed a large laterally-spreading tumor in the rectum. Further investigation showed a rectal tubulovillous adenoma with secondary McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome. An anterior resection of the rectum with a colonic J-pouch and a diverting ileostomy were performed, and the patient improved with the resolution of the renal failure and electrolyte disturbances. The histopathological analysis revealed an invasive rectal adenocarcinoma. Discussion: McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome is a condition with a low incidence that needs early intervention and proper diagnosis. It is of extreme importance that this disease is included in the differential diagnoses for chronic diarrhea associated with an electrolytic disorder. (AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Desequilibrio Hidroelectrolítico/etiología , Adenocarcinoma/complicaciones , Diarrea/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Síndrome

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: The value of leakage testing during colorectal resections to identify anastomotic leaks or bleeding has not been established. Our aim was to compare the impact of intraoperative colonoscopy (IOC) versus insufflation with a syringe, as leakage testing in lower anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer, with respect to the incidence of postoperative leakage (PL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study utilizing a prospective database of 426 patients with rectal cancer that underwent elective LAR, within the time frame of January 2015 and December 2019, was conducted. The anastomotic leak test was chosen by the surgeon. The incidence of postoperative leakage was compared between patients that underwent IOC and those that had the syringe leak test, utilizing the logistic regression analysis. Propensity score matching was included. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics or morbidity and mortality rates between the two groups. Four patients were excluded, leaving a patient total of 422. Seventy patients with IOC were compared with 352 that had the syringe leak test. The incidence of postoperative leakage was 5.7% in the IOC group and 12.2% in the control group (p = 0.001). After propensity score matching (n = 221), balancing the characteristics between the groups, the incidence of postoperative leakage was 5.7% in the IOC group and 13.9% in the syringe leak test group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: IOC was shown to be a safe method for evaluating the integrity of colorectal anastomosis and was associated with a higher percentage of protective stoma use, appearing to reduce the risk for PL.

Asunto(s)

Fuga Anastomótica , Neoplasias del Recto , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Fuga Anastomótica/diagnóstico , Fuga Anastomótica/epidemiología , Fuga Anastomótica/prevención & control , Colonoscopía , Humanos , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos

RESUMEN

Resumen Introducción: La resección anterior baja protegida con una ileostomía en asa (IA) luego de neoadyuvancia es el tratamiento estándar del cáncer del recto bajo localmente avanzado. Objetivos: Investigar la incidencia, características clínicas de la disfunción ileostómica (DI) en estos pacientes y, eventualmente, definir un perfil de riesgo. Materiales y Método: Se analizan 103 pacientes consecutivos. La DI se define como la eliminación por la ileostomía de más de 1,5 litros por día durante 3 o más días consecutivos asociado a distensión y dolor abdominal con intolerancia a la alimentación oral en ausencia de una complicación intraabdominal Clavien-Dindo grado III o mayor. Se comparan el grupo con DI del resto (no DI). Resultados: La DI se presentó en el 14,5% de los casos, se resolvió entre 12 y 70 días (en el 50% superó los 30 días), la tasa de reingreso fue 27% y no hubo reoperaciones en este grupo. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos salvo en el tiempo de hospitalizarán y la tasa de reingresos. Discusión: La DI corresponde a un tipo de íleo posoperatorio de gravedad y duración variable que paradojalmente se asocia con la eliminación de altos volúmenes de contenido intestinal por la IA, requiere aporte vigoroso de volumen y electrolitos y en los casos más graves apoyo con nutrición parenteral. El cuadro revierte en plazos variables con manejo conservador. En este estudio no se ha logrado definir un perfil del paciente en riesgo de sufrir esta complicación o factores predictivos de ella.

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Background: Diverting loop ileostomy (LI) is commonly performed to protect a distal anastomosis after a low anterior resection. Aim: To investigate the frecuency and clinical features of ileostomic dysfunction (ID) and, eventually, to define a profile of patients at risk of this complicaction. Materials and Method: 103 consecutive patients operated on for rectal cancer were included. ID is defined when the maxime output was more than 1,5 lt/day for three or more consecutive days with biochemical disturbances, associated to abdominal distension and the inability to tolerate oral feeding without postoperative severe complication. Patients with ID were compared with noID group. Results: ID developed in 15 patients, lasting between 12 and 70 days (50% for more then 30 days), the readmission rate was 27% without reoperation in this group. Except for inhospital time and readmission rate, no other difference between both groups were founded. Discussion: ID is a kind of paralitic ileus of variable intensity with paradox high output ileostomy leading to depletion of water and electrolyte imbalance. ID requires reposition of high volumen of fluids and electrolytes and sometimes parenteral nutrition with full recovery in variable periods without invasive treatment. In this study it was not possible to define a patient profile at risk or predictive factores of this complication.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias del Recto/epidemiología , Ileostomía/métodos , Obstrucción Intestinal/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Incidencia , Estudios Retrospectivos

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The watch-and-wait (WW) strategy is an alternative to anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer (RC) that have had a complete clinical response to neoadjuvant treatment. Few reports describe the quality of life and functional anorectal disorders (FADs) in that population. AIM: To analyze and compare the FADs and quality of life in patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectum treated with neoadjuvant therapy, divided into two different strategy groups: group 1 (G1), WW; and group 2 (G2), anterior resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients (G1: n = 20 and G2: n = 10) that had finished neoadjuvant therapy at least 12 months prior were included. Mean patient age was 59.5 years (range: 41-79) and 15 of the patients were men. The FADs were evaluated through: a) clinical history, b) 21-day bowel diary, c) Jorge and Wexner fecal incontinence scale, d) anorectal manometry (ARM), and fecal incontinence quality of life scale (FIQL). RESULTS: Bowel diary: fecal incontinence (40%) and urge to defecate (45%) in G1 vs. fecal incontinence (60%) and urge to defecate (30%) in G2, with no significant differences (p = NS). Fecal incontinence scale: fecal incontinence in G1 was significantly less severe than that in G2 (median 6.5 points vs. 13 points [p = 0.0142]). ARM: no differences between the two groups. Quality of life: significantly different between the two groups (FIQL/G1: 3.7 vs. FIQL/G2: 2.8; p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The WW follow-up strategy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer was associated with better quality of life and reduced fecal incontinence.

Asunto(s)

Incontinencia Fecal , Neoplasias del Recto , Adulto , Anciano , Incontinencia Fecal/terapia , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Calidad de Vida , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones

RESUMEN

Abstract Introduction Colorectal cancer is the second most common type of cancer and the third leading cause ofmortality due to cancers. Anastomosis leak after proctectomy is a dangerous complication that must be managed carefully. The aim of the present study was to assess the procedure of resection and pull-through of the new rectum after anastomosis leak in patients after proctectomy. Methods and Materials This was a cross-sectional study. Patients who visited the Firoozgar Hospital between 2015 and 2018 for rectal cancer surgery and had anastomosis leak entered the study. All patients underwent resection of the residue of rectum and pull-through of colon. Results In the present study, out of the 110 cases who underwent proctectomy, 12 patients with postoperative anastomosis leak were reported. Five (41.7%) were male and 7 (58.3%) were female. Themean age of the patients was 41.5 ± 4.3 years (33-51). Resection of the new rectum and pull-through anastomosis were performed for these 12 patients. No major intraoperative complication occurred. Postoperative course was uneventful in all patients. Discussion Resection of residue of rectum and pull-through in patients with anastomosis leak can be done after rectal cancer surgery. This method is superior to abdominopelvic resection in many aspects, especially regarding accessibility to the new rectum by rectal exam or endosonography to assess recurrence or a relative continence after closure of ostomy.

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Resumo Introdução O câncer colorretal é o segundo tipo de câncer mais comum, e a terceira principal causa de mortalidade por câncer. O vazamento da anastomose após a proctectomia é uma complicação perigosa, que deve ser tratada com cuidado. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o procedimento de ressecção e abaixamento do novo reto após vazamento de anastomose em pacientes submetidos à proctectomia. Métodos e Materiais Este foi um estudo transversal que incluiu pacientes que compareceram ao Firoozgar Hospital entre 2015 e 2018 submetidos a cirurgia de câncer retal e com vazamento de anastomose. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a ressecção do resíduo do reto e abaixamento do cólon. Resultados No presente estudo, dos 110 casos submetidos a proctectomia, 12 pacientes tiveram vazamento de anastomose pós-operatório: 5 (41,7%) do sexo masculino e 7 (58,3%) do sexo feminino. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 41,5 ± 4,3 anos (gama: 33 a 51 anos). A ressecção do reto novo e a anastomose por abaixamento foram realizadas nesses 12 pacientes. Nenhuma complicação intraoperatória mais grave ocorreu. No pós-operatório, não houve intercorrências em nenhum dos pacientes. Discussão A ressecção de resíduo retal e o abaixamento em pacientes com vazamento de anastomose pode ser feita após cirurgia de câncer retal. Este método é superior à ressecção abdominopélvica em muitos aspectos, especialmente quanto à acessibilidade ao novo reto por exame retal ou endossonografia para avaliar a recorrência ou uma continência relativa após o fechamento da ostomia.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Recto/cirugía , Insuficiencia del Tratamiento , Colon/cirugía , Proctectomía/efectos adversos , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Anastomosis Quirúrgica , Estudios Transversales

RESUMEN

La fuga quilosa es una complicación muy poco frecuente tras la cirugía colorrectal. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 70 años con neoplasia de recto medio intervenido de forma electiva tras un ciclo largo de neoadyuvancia mediante una resección anterior de recto por laparoscopia. El cuarto día de posoperatorio presentó un drenaje pélvico de aspecto quiloso y el día 13 se confirmó la fuga quilosa en la linfografía. Posteriormente el débito se redujo de forma rápida. La linfografía no solo es un método diagnóstico, sino que en el 35-70% de los casos puede también ser terapéutica.Chylous leakage is an extremely rare complication after colorectal surgery. We report the case of a 70 year-old male with a mid-rectal cancer who underwent a laparoscopic anterior resection of the rectum after long course neoadjuvant therapy. On postoperative day 4 the patient presented with chylous pelvic drainage, and a chylous leakage was proved by lymphography on postoperative day 13. Hereinafter, the drainage was drastically reduced. The lymphography is not only a diagnostic technique, but it can be also a therapeutic method in up to 35-70% of the cases.

Asunto(s)

Laparoscopía , Neoplasias del Recto , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Pelvis , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Recto/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Recto/cirugía

RESUMEN

A 69-year-old man with a history of back pain, urinary obstruction, and deep vein thrombosis of both lower extremities 4 years earlier was diagnosed with rectal neuroendocrine tumor, grade 2, Ki-67 index 3%. Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT images showed a left pelvic mass extended to the lumen of the inferior vena cava with a high affinity for somatostatin receptor. A tubular focus of radiotracer accumulation after the course of inferior vena cava with filling defect was suggestive of tumor thrombus.

Asunto(s)

Tumores Neuroendocrinos/complicaciones , Compuestos Organometálicos , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Trombosis/complicaciones , Trombosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Vena Cava Inferior/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Vena Cava Inferior/patología

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of developing gastrointestinal tumors, the adenocarcinoma is the most frequently associated, and neuroendocrine tumor (NET) the most rare. CLINICAL CASES: We present two patients, one with Crohn's disease and the other with ulcerative colitis, who present nonspecific symptoms, and after resection of an intestinal lesion, a gastrointestinal NET (GINET) is diagnosed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The GINET have an insidious clinic and these can be confused with those of the IBD. There could be an association between both pathologies; an important role of the chronic intestinal inflammatory process is suggested. The best treatment for GINET is the resection.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: Los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar neoplasias gastrointestinales y el adenocarcinoma es el relacionado con más frecuencia y el tumor neuroendocrino (TNE) el más raro. CASO CLÍNICO: Se presentan los casos de dos pacientes, uno con enfermedad de Crohn y otro con colitis ulcerosa, que cursan con clínica inespecífica, y tras resección de la lesión intestinal se diagnostica un TNE gastrointestinal (TNEGI). DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES: Los TNEGI tienen una clínica insidiosa y pueden confundirse con los de la EII. Es posible un nexo entre ambas entidades, lo que sugiere un papel importante del proceso inflamatorio crónico intestinal. El tratamiento de elección de los TNEGI es la resección.

Asunto(s)

Colitis Ulcerosa/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Íleon/diagnóstico , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Recto/diagnóstico , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Renales , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis Ulcerosa/cirugía , Pólipos del Colon/complicaciones , Pólipos del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Colonoscopía , Enfermedad de Crohn/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Crohn/cirugía , Diagnóstico Tardío , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Humanos , Neoplasias del Íleon/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Íleon/cirugía , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Hallazgos Incidentales , Inflamación , Neoplasias Renales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/complicaciones , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/diagnóstico , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/complicaciones , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía

Asunto(s)

Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/complicaciones , Linfoma Plasmablástico/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Biopsia , Femenino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/patología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Linfoma Plasmablástico/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Recto/patología , Recurrencia

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Background: Combined abdominal and transvaginal anterior perineal approaches have been used as an alternative surgical method for the surgical treatment of the lower rectal cancer. The main aim of this paper is to describe the surgical stages of the combined abdominal and transvaginal approaches performed for lower rectal cancer, especially in transvaginal anterior perineal stage. Method: We have performed sphincter-saving surgical operations by using transvaginal anterior perineal access by combining with the abdominal access in four female patients who had lower rectal cancer. Results: Sphincter-saving extrasphincteric dissection and proximal segmental sphincteric excision techniques were performed in four female patients operated with combined abdominal and transvaginal anterior perineal approach. All patients were found to have continence. Postoperatively, one patient was converted to abdominoperineal rectal amputation due to the detected distal resection margin positivity. Conclusion: Transvaginal anterior perineal access provides the extrasphincteric rectal dissection possibility in the ischioanal fossa. Therefore, the combined abdominal and transvaginal anterior perineal approaches have been based on the different anatomical and surgical features when compared to intersphincteric dissection technique which is the most common used surgical procedure in lower rectal cancer surgery.

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RESUMO Introdução: Uma combinação de abordagens abdominal e perineal anterior transvaginal tem sido empregada como método cirúrgico alternativo para o tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de reto baixo. O principal objetivo do presente artigo é a descrição dos estágios cirúrgicos das abordagens abdominal e transvaginal combinadas realizadas para câncer de reto baixo, especialmente no estágio perineal anterior transvaginal. Método: Realizamos operações cirúrgicas com preservação de esfíncter com o uso do acesso perineal anterior transvaginal, em combinação com o acesso abdominal, em quatro pacientes mulheres portadoras de câncer de reto baixo. Resultados: Realizamos técnicas de dissecção extra-esfincteriana e de excisão esfincteriana segmental proximal com preservação de esfíncter em quatro pacientes operadas com uma combinação de abordagens abdominal e perineal anterior transvaginal. Todas as pacientes estavam continentes. Em uma paciente, houve necessidade de conversão para amputação retal abdominoperineal, por ter sido detectada, no pós-operatório, positividade na margem de ressecção distal. Conclusão: O acesso perineal anterior transvaginal torna possível a dissecção retal extra-esfincteriana na fossa isquioanal. Portanto, as abordagens combinadas abdominal e perineal anterior transvaginal se baseiam em diferentes características anatômicas e cirúrgicas, em comparação com a técnica de dissecção interesfincteriana, que é o procedimento cirúrgico de uso mais comum na cirurgia para câncer de reto baixo.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Canal Anal/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Cirugía Colorrectal/métodos , Disección/métodos

RESUMEN

Las inmunodeficiencias primarias (IDP) son enfermedades de baja prevalencia. Existen signos de alarma para su sospecha clínica. Los objetivos fueron describir características clínicas y signos de alarma de pacientes con IDP y comparar diferencias clínicas entre déficit selectivo de inmunoglobulina A (IgA) y otras IDP. Se estudiaron 89 pacientes, con mediana de edad, al momento del diagnóstico, de 6 años (4,08-11,67). 53 (59,5%) pacientes, varones. 54 (60,7%) pacientes, con déficit selectivo de IgA, y 35 (39,3%), con otras IDP. Las principales manifestaciones clínicas fueron rinofaringitis en 65 (73,03%) pacientes y atopia en 39 (43,82%) pacientes. Presentaron signos de alarma 24 (26,97%) pacientes, ninguno con déficit selectivo de IgA. En los pacientes con otras IDP, se observó mayor incidencia de infección respiratoria baja, sepsis, infecciones cutáneas, candidiasis mucocutánea, alteraciones dentales, malformaciones cardiovasculares, angioedema, internaciones y mortalidad. 10 (28,57%) pacientes recibieron gammaglobulina endovenosa; 15 (42,85%), antibiótico-profilaxis; y 2 (2,24%), antimicóticoprofilaxis. Palabras clave: infecciones respiratorias, hipersensibilidad, gammaglobulinas, síndromes de inmunodeficiencia, deficiencia de IgA. (AU)

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Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are low-prevalence diseases. There are warning signs that may raise clinical suspicion. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical characteristics and warning signs of patients with PID and to compare the clinical differences between selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency and other PIDs. Eighty-nine patients were studied; their median age at the time of diagnosis was 6 years old (4.08-11.67). Fifty-three (59.5%) patients were male. Fifty-four (60.7%) patients had selective IgA deficiency, and 35 (39.3%) had other PIDs. The main clinical manifestations were rhinopharyngitis in 65 (73.03%) patients and atopy in 39 (43.82%). Twenty- four (26.97%) patients showed warning signs, and none had selective IgA deficiency. Patients with other PIDs had a higher incidence of lower respiratory tract infection, sepsis, skin infections, mucocutaneous candidiasis, dental alterations, cardiovascular malformations, angioedema, hospitalizations and death. Ten (28.57%) patients received intravenous gammaglobulin, 15 (42.85%) antibiotic prophylaxis, and 2 (2.24%) antifungal prophylaxis. (AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Resección Endoscópica de la Mucosa/efectos adversos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/epidemiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adenocarcinoma/complicaciones , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Colon/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/epidemiología , Periodo Posoperatorio , Neoplasias del Recto/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/epidemiología , Factores de Edad , Distribución por Sexo , Estado de Ejecución de Karnofsky , México/epidemiología