Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Betacoronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Neumonía Viral/diagnóstico , Neumonía/diagnóstico , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , COVID-19 , Prueba de COVID-19 , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico/normas , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , Diagnóstico Tardío , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Ipilimumab/efectos adversos , Tiempo de Internación , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/inmunología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma/inmunología , Melanoma/secundario , Metilprednisolona/uso terapéutico , Nasofaringe/virología , Neoplasias Primarias Desconocidas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Primarias Desconocidas/inmunología , Nivolumab/efectos adversos , Pandemias , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía/inmunología , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/virología , SARS-CoV-2 , Factores de Tiempo , Tiempo de Tratamiento , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Neoplasias de la Úvea/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Úvea/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Úvea/secundarioRESUMEN
The cutoff presented in the current classification of canine melanocytic lesions by Wilcock and Pfeiffer is based on the clinical outcome rather than morphological concepts. Classification of tumors based on morphology or molecular signatures is the key to identifying new therapies or prognostic factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze morphological findings in canine melanocytic lesions based on classic malignant morphologic principles of neoplasia and to compare these features with human uveal melanoma (HUM) samples. In total, 64 canine and 111 human morphologically malignant melanocytic lesions were classified into two groups (melanocytoma-like or classic melanoma) based on the presence or absence of M cells, respectively. Histopathological characteristics were compared between the two groups using the χ-test, t-test, and multivariate discriminant analysis. Among the 64 canine tumors, 28 (43.7%) were classic and 36 (56.3%) were melanocytoma-like melanomas. Smaller tumor size, a higher degree of pigmentation, and lower mitotic activity distinguished melanocytoma-like from classic tumors with an accuracy of 100% for melanocytoma-like lesions. From the human series, only one case showed melanocytoma-like features and had a low risk for metastasis characteristics. Canine uveal melanoma showed a morphological spectrum with features similar to the HUM counterpart (classic melanoma) and overlapped features between uveal melanoma and melanocytoma (melanocytoma-like melanoma). Recognition that the subgroup of melanocytoma-like melanoma may represent the missing link between benign and malignant lesions could help explain the progression of uveal melanoma in dogs; these findings can potentially be translated to HUM.
Asunto(s)
Melanocitos/inmunología , Melanoma/inmunología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Úvea/inmunología , Animales , Perros , Humanos , Masculino , Melanocitos/patología , Melanoma/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias de la Úvea/patologíaRESUMEN
Melanoma is a malignant tumour derived from melanocytes (dendritic cells originated from the neural crest and capable to produce melanin synthesis) that could be established on the skin or less frequently on the uvea. The cellular origin from both kind of melanoma seems to be the same but the melanocytes migrates to the epithelia for cutaneous melanoma, while for uveal melanoma, they migrate to mesodermic tissues. Despite the common origin, both melanomas show extreme differences in their metastatic potential, clinical response to treatments, immune response and genetic alterations. We will describe some of those differences in this review.