RESUMEN

This paper describes an outbreak of nephrosis in cattle associated with the consumption of Ludwigia peploides in Tucuman province, northwestern Argentina. Affected cows exhibited submandibular and chest edema, lethargy and ataxia, and eventually succumbed to these conditions. These animals were grazing in a floodable area severely invaded by this plant. The disease affected 7 out of a herd of 67 cows. Horses and goats grazing in the same location were not affected. The main gross and histological lesion corresponded to a severe nephrosis. The disease is similar to the poisoning by Ludwigia peruviana reported in Colombia.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of spontaneous poisoning by Thiloa glaucocarpain cattle in the semiarid region of Paraíba and Pernambuco, Brazil. Eight adult cattle were examined and of those, five were necropsied. The main clinical signs consisted of dehydration, dry nose, ascites and subcutaneous edema. Renal function tests resulted in significant changes. The gross macroscopy consisted of significant fluid accumulation in the abdominal and thorax cavities, and edema of lungs, subcutaneous tissues, perirenal tissue and abomasal folds. Histologically, the main lesions consisted of epithelial coagulation necrosis of renal convoluted tubules with presence of amorphous eosinophilic material in the lumen of the tubules. The diagnosis of poisoning by T. glaucocarpawas based on epidemiological data, clinical signs, necropsy findings, histopathological evaluation, renal serum biochemistry and plant identification in the areas of cattle pastures. After the start of the rainy season in this region, T. glaucocarpais the main toxic plant responsible for significant economic losses. Since there is no effective treatment for animals with renal failure, itis recommended that the animals must be removed from the areas where the plant grows in the period immediately after the first rain.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Thiamine is an essential cofactor for several cellular functions. Your deficiency results in important neurological disorders, with mechanisms and lesions not fully understood. The purpose of this work was to evaluate a thiamine deficiency through the model of oral administration of amprolium in mice. The animals, treated for 20 or 80 days, received amprolium in drinking water at doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/mL (deficient groups A, B, and C, respectively). Deficient groups A and B showed reduction in body weight gain and performance changes in the open field (decreased distance and rearing, and increased grooming) and rotarod (reduced latency to fall) behavioural tests, when treated for 80 days. However, no histological changes were observed in the central nervous system. Moreover, group B animals exposed to amprolium developed proteinuria, with moderate tubular nephrosis, at 80 days. At the highest dose (group C) there was no interest to drink water. The data suggest that the use of oral amprolium in mice may be an interesting and viable model, when using adequate exposure times and doses. The amprolium induces thiamine deficiency progressively and moderately, which may be potentially useful for disturbed pathogenesis studies.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The present study aimed to describe, for the first time in Tocantins State, the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of an outbreak of Combretum glaucocarpa poisoning in cattle. From a herd of 200 cattle that had access to the plant, 70 animals died. The signs were swelling of the posterior thigh, groin, perineum, scrotum, ventral abdomen, chest, and barb; dark and fetid stools; marked weight loss, and rough hair. The clinical course ranged from 3 to 20 days. The serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate amininotransferase and the serum concentrations of urea and creatinine were markedly elevated in all the ten animals examined. The gross lesions consisted of large amouts of transudate in the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. Edema was also seen in the urinary bladder, perirenal tissue and gallbladder subserosa at its insertion to the liver. The liver was enlarged, congested, and bluish. Petechiae and ecchymosis were observed in the epicardium, myocardium, tracheal mucosa, omentum, ruminal serosa, urinary bladder, and testicles. Suffusions were detected in the brain. Histopathology of the liver revealed mild centrilobular degeneration. In the kidney, hemorrhagic foci in corticomedullary junction with mild tubular degeneration were observed. Additionally, some renal tubules had necrotic epithelial cells and hyaline casts. It is the first report of poisoning by C. glaucocarpum in cattle in Tocantins.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever, pela primeira vez no Estado do Tocantins, as características epidemiológicas, clínicas e patológicas de um surto de intoxicação espontânea por Combretum glaucocarpa em bovinos. De um lote de 200 bovinos acessíveis à planta, 70 animais chegaram a óbito. Os sinais observados foram edema na região posterior da coxa e inguinal, períneo, escroto e ventre do abdômen, tórax e barbela; fezes escuras e fétidas; emagrecimento e pêlos ásperos. O curso clínico variou de 3 a 20 dias. As concentrações séricas de ureia e creatinina e as atividades séricas de alanino-aminotransferase e aspartato-aminotransferase estavam elevadas nos dez animais avaliados. As lesões observadas foram grande quantidade de transudato na cavidade abdominal, tórax e saco pericárdico. Notou-se edema na bexiga, tecidos perirenais e na subserosa da vesícula biliar, junto à sua inserção com o fígado. Este estava aumentado, com bordos arredondados, congesto e azulado. Petéquias e equimoses foram observadas no epicárdio, miocárdio, mucosa da traqueia, omento, serosa do rúmen, vesícula urinária e testículos. Áreas de sufusões foram observadas no encéfalo. Na histopatologia, visualizou-se degeneração hidrópica centrolobular leve no fígado e, no rim, focos de hemorragia na junção corticomedular com degeneração tubular leve. Encontraram-se células epiteliais necróticas e cilindros hialinos em alguns túbulos renais. É a primeira descrição por C. glaucocarpum em bovinos no Tocantins.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The present study aimed to describe, for the first time in Tocantins State, the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of an outbreak of Combretum glaucocarpa poisoning in cattle. From a herd of 200 cattle that had access to the plant, 70 animals died. The signs were swelling of the posterior thigh, groin, perineum, scrotum, ventral abdomen, chest, and barb; dark and fetid stools; marked weight loss, and rough hair. The clinical course ranged from 3 to 20 days. The serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate amininotransferase and the serum concentrations of urea and creatinine were markedly elevated in all the ten animals examined. The gross lesions consisted of large amouts of transudate in the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. Edema was also seen in the urinary bladder, perirenal tissue and gallbladder subserosa at its insertion to the liver. The liver was enlarged, congested, and bluish. Petechiae and ecchymosis were observed in the epicardium, myocardium, tracheal mucosa, omentum, ruminal serosa, urinary bladder, and testicles. Suffusions were detected in the brain. Histopathology of the liver revealed mild centrilobular degeneration. In the kidney, hemorrhagic foci in corticomedullary junction with mild tubular degeneration were observed. Additionally, some renal tubules had necrotic epithelial cells and hyaline casts. It is the first report of poisoning by C. glaucocarpum in cattle in Tocantins.(AU)

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever, pela primeira vez no Estado do Tocantins, as características epidemiológicas, clínicas e patológicas de um surto de intoxicação espontânea por Combretum glaucocarpa em bovinos. De um lote de 200 bovinos acessíveis à planta, 70 animais chegaram a óbito. Os sinais observados foram edema na região posterior da coxa e inguinal, períneo, escroto e ventre do abdômen, tórax e barbela; fezes escuras e fétidas; emagrecimento e pêlos ásperos. O curso clínico variou de 3 a 20 dias. As concentrações séricas de ureia e creatinina e as atividades séricas de alanino-aminotransferase e aspartato-aminotransferase estavam elevadas nos dez animais avaliados. As lesões observadas foram grande quantidade de transudato na cavidade abdominal, tórax e saco pericárdico. Notou-se edema na bexiga, tecidos perirenais e na subserosa da vesícula biliar, junto à sua inserção com o fígado. Este estava aumentado, com bordos arredondados, congesto e azulado. Petéquias e equimoses foram observadas no epicárdio, miocárdio, mucosa da traqueia, omento, serosa do rúmen, vesícula urinária e testículos. Áreas de sufusões foram observadas no encéfalo. Na histopatologia, visualizou-se degeneração hidrópica centrolobular leve no fígado e, no rim, focos de hemorragia na junção corticomedular com degeneração tubular leve. Encontraram-se células epiteliais necróticas e cilindros hialinos em alguns túbulos renais. É a primeira descrição por C. glaucocarpum em bovinos no Tocantins.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of spontaneous poisoning by Thiloa glaucocarpain cattle in the semiarid region of Paraíba and Pernambuco, Brazil. Eight adult cattle were examined and of those, five were necropsied. The main clinical signs consisted of dehydration, dry nose, ascites and subcutaneous edema. Renal function tests resulted in significant changes. The gross macroscopy consisted of significant fluid accumulation in the abdominal and thorax cavities, and edema of lungs, subcutaneous tissues, perirenal tissue and abomasal folds. Histologically, the main lesions consisted of epithelial coagulation necrosis of renal convoluted tubules with presence of amorphous eosinophilic material in the lumen of the tubules. The diagnosis of poisoning by T. glaucocarpawas based on epidemiological data, clinical signs, necropsy findings, histopathological evaluation, renal serum biochemistry and plant identification in the areas of cattle pastures. After the start of the rainy season in this region, T. glaucocarpais the main toxic plant responsible for significant economic losses. Since there is no effective treatment for animals with renal failure, itis recommended that the animals must be removed from the areas where the plant grows in the period immediately after the first rain.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aim of the present study was to describe an outbreak of intoxication by Amaranthus spinosus among bovines in the northern rural region of the state of Pernambuco (northeastern Brazil). The herd was composed of 70 mixed-breed Holstein cattle. Five animals became intoxicated, two of which died and three recovered. The main clinical signs were apathy, decubitus, reduced to absent appetite, pinkish pale to pale mucous membranes, severe dehydration, accentuated enophthalmia, rumenal atony or hypomotility, submandibular swelling, hind-leg edema and fetid feces with a dark coloration. The biochemical analysis revealed high AST, GGT and creatinine levels. Necropsy reveled perirenal edema, subcapsular hematomas, paleness and multifocal petechial hemorrhaging on the cortical surface extending to the bone marrow and intensive hemorrhaging in the pelvis. The histopathological analysis revealed degeneration and necrosis of cortical region of tubular epithelial cells, especially proximal cells, and the accentuated presence of granular hyaline casts and droplets in the cortical and medullary lumen. The diagnosis of intoxication by Amaranthus spinosus  was based on the epidemiological, clinical-laboratorial, necroptic and histolopathological characteristics of intoxication by nephrotoxic plants. The scarcity of other food sources and the large quantity of the plant as the only food source for the bovines as well as the consumption of the plant in the flowering phase favored these cases of intoxication.(AU)

Descreve-se um surto de intoxicação por Amaranthus spinosus ocorrido em bovinos na região do Agreste meridional de Pernambuco. O rebanho era composto de 70 animais, mestiços de holandês, cinco animais se intoxicaram, dois morreram, três se recuperaram. Os principais sinais clínicos foram apatia, decúbito, com apetite reduzido a ausente, mucosas rosa pálidas a pálida, desidratação severa com acentuada enoftalmia, rúmen com diminuição da motilidade ou atônico, edema submandibular e edema dos membros posteriores, fezes de odor fétido e escuras. A bioquímica clínica apresentou valores aumentados para AST, GGT e Creatinina.  A necropsia revelou nos rins edema perirrenal, hematomas subcapsulares, palidez e hemorragia petequial multifocal na superfície cortical estendendo-se do parênquima até a região medular e intensa hemorragia na pelve. A histopatologia revelou degeneração e necrose na região cortical das células epiteliais tubulares, em sua maioria nos túbulos proximais e presença acentuada no lúmen de cilindros granulosos hialinos e gotículas tanto cortical como na medular. O diagnóstico da intoxicação por Amaranthus spinosus foi baseado nos achados epidemiológicos, clínico-laboratorial, de necropsia e histopatologia características da intoxicação por plantas nefrotóxicas. A escassez de alimentos associado a presença da planta em grande quantidade, como única fonte de volumoso para os bovinos, e o consumo desta no estágio de brotação, favoreceram a intoxicação.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aim of the present study was to describe an outbreak of intoxication by Amaranthus spinosus among bovines in the northern rural region of the state of Pernambuco (northeastern Brazil). The herd was composed of 70 mixed-breed Holstein cattle. Five animals became intoxicated, two of which died and three recovered. The main clinical signs were apathy, decubitus, reduced to absent appetite, pinkish pale to pale mucous membranes, severe dehydration, accentuated enophthalmia, rumenal atony or hypomotility, submandibular swelling, hind-leg edema and fetid feces with a dark coloration. The biochemical analysis revealed high AST, GGT and creatinine levels. Necropsy reveled perirenal edema, subcapsular hematomas, paleness and multifocal petechial hemorrhaging on the cortical surface extending to the bone marrow and intensive hemorrhaging in the pelvis. The histopathological analysis revealed degeneration and necrosis of cortical region of tubular epithelial cells, especially proximal cells, and the accentuated presence of granular hyaline casts and droplets in the cortical and medullary lumen. The diagnosis of intoxication by Amaranthus spinosus  was based on the epidemiological, clinical-laboratorial, necroptic and histolopathological characteristics of intoxication by nephrotoxic plants. The scarcity of other food sources and the large quantity of the plant as the only food source for the bovines as well as the consumption of the plant in the flowering phase favored these cases of intoxication.

Descreve-se um surto de intoxicação por Amaranthus spinosus ocorrido em bovinos na região do Agreste meridional de Pernambuco. O rebanho era composto de 70 animais, mestiços de holandês, cinco animais se intoxicaram, dois morreram, três se recuperaram. Os principais sinais clínicos foram apatia, decúbito, com apetite reduzido a ausente, mucosas rosa pálidas a pálida, desidratação severa com acentuada enoftalmia, rúmen com diminuição da motilidade ou atônico, edema submandibular e edema dos membros posteriores, fezes de odor fétido e escuras. A bioquímica clínica apresentou valores aumentados para AST, GGT e Creatinina.  A necropsia revelou nos rins edema perirrenal, hematomas subcapsulares, palidez e hemorragia petequial multifocal na superfície cortical estendendo-se do parênquima até a região medular e intensa hemorragia na pelve. A histopatologia revelou degeneração e necrose na região cortical das células epiteliais tubulares, em sua maioria nos túbulos proximais e presença acentuada no lúmen de cilindros granulosos hialinos e gotículas tanto cortical como na medular. O diagnóstico da intoxicação por Amaranthus spinosus foi baseado nos achados epidemiológicos, clínico-laboratorial, de necropsia e histopatologia características da intoxicação por plantas nefrotóxicas. A escassez de alimentos associado a presença da planta em grande quantidade, como única fonte de volumoso para os bovinos, e o consumo desta no estágio de brotação, favoreceram a intoxicação.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Descreve-se um surto de intoxicação por Metternichia princepsem caprinos no Estado da Bahia. De oito caprinos, três morreram, dos quais dois foram necropsiados; cinco não adoeceram. Os principais sinais clínicos caracterizaram-se por secreção nasal mucosa, emagrecimento, diarreia, apatia, debilidade leve, andar cambaleante, flexão dos membros torácicos e pélvicos, decúbito esterno-abdominal e decúbito lateral, seguidos de morte após aproximadamente dois dias de evolução clínica. Na necropsia foi observado edema pulmonar, hidrotórax, hidropericárdio, ascite, rins pálidos, edema perirrenal e hemorragias no tecido subcutâneo. Microscopicamente nos rins havia acentuada necrose de coagulação do epitélio tubular e túbulos com regeneração do epitélio. No pulmão havia acentuada congestão associada a edema interalveolar e interseptal. Na bioquímica sanguínea observou-se aumento na ureia, creatinina e creatinina fosfoquinase.

An outbreak of poisoning by Metternichia princepsis reported in goats from the State of Bahia. Out of eight goats three showed symptoms of poisoning and died; on two of them post-mortem examinations were performed. The main clinical signs were nasal mucous secretion, weight loss, diarrhea, lethargy, mild weakness, staggering gait, flexion of the fore and hind limbs, sternal recumbence, and lateral recumbence followed by death after approximately two days of clinical manifestations. The serum concentration of urea and creatinine and the serum activities of creatine phosphokinase were increased. At necropsy pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, ascites, pale kidneys, perirenal edema and hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissue were observed. Microscopically the kidneys showed accentuated coagulation necrosis of the tubular epithelium and tubules and epithelial regeneration. In the lungs there was accentuated congestion associated with interalveolar and interseptal edema.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Descreve-se um surto de intoxicação por Metternichia princepsem caprinos no Estado da Bahia. De oito caprinos, três morreram, dos quais dois foram necropsiados; cinco não adoeceram. Os principais sinais clínicos caracterizaram-se por secreção nasal mucosa, emagrecimento, diarreia, apatia, debilidade leve, andar cambaleante, flexão dos membros torácicos e pélvicos, decúbito esterno-abdominal e decúbito lateral, seguidos de morte após aproximadamente dois dias de evolução clínica. Na necropsia foi observado edema pulmonar, hidrotórax, hidropericárdio, ascite, rins pálidos, edema perirrenal e hemorragias no tecido subcutâneo. Microscopicamente nos rins havia acentuada necrose de coagulação do epitélio tubular e túbulos com regeneração do epitélio. No pulmão havia acentuada congestão associada a edema interalveolar e interseptal. Na bioquímica sanguínea observou-se aumento na ureia, creatinina e creatinina fosfoquinase.(AU)

An outbreak of poisoning by Metternichia princepsis reported in goats from the State of Bahia. Out of eight goats three showed symptoms of poisoning and died; on two of them post-mortem examinations were performed. The main clinical signs were nasal mucous secretion, weight loss, diarrhea, lethargy, mild weakness, staggering gait, flexion of the fore and hind limbs, sternal recumbence, and lateral recumbence followed by death after approximately two days of clinical manifestations. The serum concentration of urea and creatinine and the serum activities of creatine phosphokinase were increased. At necropsy pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, ascites, pale kidneys, perirenal edema and hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissue were observed. Microscopically the kidneys showed accentuated coagulation necrosis of the tubular epithelium and tubules and epithelial regeneration. In the lungs there was accentuated congestion associated with interalveolar and interseptal edema.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A toxicose experimental por gentamicina foi estudada em 11 caes. Dez caes receberam 10mg/kg de gentamicina por via intramuscular, 3 vezes ao dia, durante 14 dias. Outro cao recebeu a mesma dose por 10 dias. Os caes foram submetidos a eutanásia e necropsiados no 11§, 15§-19§, 21§, 27§ e 37§ dias do experimento. Os principais sinais clínicos foram anorexia, apatia, poliúria, polidipsia, diarréia, vômito e oligúria. Os achados laboratoriais foram enzimúria, cilindrúria, azotemia e isostenúria. As lesoes macroscópicas eram restritas aos rins, que estavam acentuadamente pálidos, tumefeitos e macios. Dois caes desenvolveram edema perirrenal discreto. Ao exame histológico do rim, dez caes tinham necrose tóxica aguda restrita aos túbulos contorcidos proximais. Regeneraçao das células epiteliais desses túbulos foi observada nos rins de todos os caes, principalmente na cortical externa, variando de mínima a acentuada e associada à dilataçao acentuada da luz tubular. Aos 37 dias os rins apresentavam-se morfologicamente recuperados. Nao foram observadas lesoes glomerulares, nem lesoes extra-renais de uremia. Concluiu-se que a gentamicina, na dose e freqüência administradas, foi tóxica para todos os caes, causando necrose tubular renal aguda com subseqüentes graus variados de regeneraçao tubular.

Asunto(s)