RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) levels in root-canal exudates from teeth undergoing root-canal treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The root-canal exudates from six teeth with normal pulp and periradicular tissues that required intentional root canal treatment for prosthodontic reasons and from twelve teeth with pulp necrosis and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) were sampled with paper points for bacterial culture and aspirated for the detection of proMMP-2 and active MMP-2 by gelatin zymography and the quantification of MMP-2 levels by ELISA. RESULTS: By gelatin zymography, both proMMP-2 and active MMP-2 were detected in the first collection of root-canal exudates from teeth with pulp necrosis and AAP, but not from teeth with normal pulp, and their levels gradually decreased and disappeared at the last collection. Consistently, ELISA demonstrated a significant decrease in MMP-2 levels in the root-canal exudates of teeth with pulp necrosis and AAP following root canal procedures (p<0.05). Furthermore, the MMP-2 levels were significantly lower in the negative bacterial culture than those in the positive bacterial culture (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The levels of MMP-2 in root-canal exudates from teeth with pulp necrosis and AAP were gradually reduced during root canal procedures. Future studies are required to determine if MMP-2 levels may be used as a biomolecule for the healing of apical lesions, similar to the clinical application of MMP-8 as a biomarker.
Asunto(s)
Necrosis de la Pulpa Dental/enzimología , Necrosis de la Pulpa Dental/terapia , Exudados y Transudados/enzimología , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Periodontitis Periapical/enzimología , Periodontitis Periapical/terapia , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Metaloproteinasa 8 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
AIM: To determine the effect of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition on periapical lesion formation in a rat model. METHODOLOGY: The pulp chambers of mandibular fist molars of adult SD rats were exposed to be infected by oral microbes. The experimental group was fed 20 mg kg(-1) MMP-inhibitor chemically modified tetracycline-3 (CMT-3) daily in an oral gavage and the controls were fed the vehicle. After 2 and 4 weeks, the mandibles (n = 10 in both groups at both times) were radiographed, decalcified and subjected to histological analysis. Extension of necrosis in first molar distal root canals was measured from the histological sections, and periapical lesion sizes in the same roots were determined from radiographs and histological sections. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the extension of necrosis in root canals between 2 and 4 weeks in the control group (P < 0.05), but not with MMP inhibition. Radiographically, MMP inhibition increased the periapical lesion size by 70% and 34% after 2 and 4 weeks respectively (P < 0.05 in after 2 weeks). In histological measurements, lesion size increased with MMP inhibition by 26% and 8% after 2 and 4 weeks respectively. CONCLUSIONS: MMP inhibition affects pulpal and periapical inflammation, increasing the rate of spreading of necrosis in root canals and the rate of periapical lesion formation.
Asunto(s)
Necrosis de la Pulpa Dental/enzimología , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/fisiología , Periodontitis Periapical/enzimología , Animales , Infecciones por Bacteroidaceae/enzimología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Femenino , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Tetraciclinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
AIM: To study the presence, levels and molecular forms of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -8 (collage-nase-2) in pulpal and periapical inflammation, and the changes in MMP-8 levels in root-canal exudates during root-canal treatment. METHODOLOGY: Periapical exudate samples were collected from 11 necrotic teeth with radiographically verified periapical periodontitis during three root-canal treatment visits with interappointment calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) medication. MMP-8 levels and molecular forms were analyzed with immunofluorescent assay (IFMA) and Western immunoblot. Inflamed pulp tissue and periapical granuloma tissue (n = 10 for both) were obtained from other patients and used for MMP-8 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. RESULTS: The periapical exudate samples demonstrated marked differences in MMP-8 levels between the teeth in the first visit and significant decrease in MMP-8 levels during the root-canal treatment (P = 0.0107). One specimen failed to show a decrease in MMP-8 below 1000 ng mL(-1) a vertical root fracture was later diagnosed and the tooth extracted. IHC staining showed that in addition to PMN-leucocytes, macrophages and plasma cells produced MMP-8 in pulp and periapical granulomas. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate the presence of MMP-8 in the inflamed pulp and periapical tissue, indicating that MMP-8 has a role in pulpal and periapical inflammation, most likely participating in tissue extracellular matrix degradation. They further indicate that MMP analysis from periapical exudate could be used to indicate and monitor inflammatory activity and the success of treatment in teeth with periapical lesions.
Asunto(s)
Cavidad Pulpar/enzimología , Metaloproteinasa 8 de la Matriz/análisis , Periodontitis Periapical/enzimología , Pulpitis/enzimología , Análisis de Varianza , Western Blotting , Hidróxido de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Colorantes , Necrosis de la Pulpa Dental/enzimología , Necrosis de la Pulpa Dental/patología , Exudados y Transudados/citología , Exudados y Transudados/enzimología , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Macrófagos/enzimología , Neutrófilos/enzimología , Granuloma Periapical/enzimología , Granuloma Periapical/patología , Periodontitis Periapical/patología , Células Plasmáticas/enzimología , Pulpitis/patología , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/uso terapéutico , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular , Estadística como Asunto , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
ATP-degrading enzyme activities in pulps of healthy and carious human teeth were quantitatively analyzed using the bioluminescence method. The patterns of both Ca2+- and MG2+-activated ATP hydrolysis resembled each other. Increased enzyme activities were observed during injured states.