RESUMEN
Este estudo tem como objetivo propor e validar um método de medição da distância de escora ("De") e do momento de escora ("Me"), através do uso de plataformas de força para barcos tipo Catamaran. O novo método propõe a medição por dinamometria, com o posicionamento de plataformas de força abaixo de cada casco, e a mensuração das Forças de Reação do Solo (FRS). Com base nas equações clássicas da estática são determinadas as variáveis "De" e "Me". Para validar o método proposto, foi utilizada a validação concorrente, através da comparação com os valores obtidos por cinemetria através do sistema "Peak Motus". Para correlação entre os dois métodos optou-se pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC). Foram analisadas diferentes posturas em duas diferentes inclinações do barco, simulando o adernamento do barco. Os resultados encontrados apontaram alta correlação (ICC > 0,99) e pequeno erro médio (1,00 por cento para "De" e 0,96 por cento para "Me") entre os métodos. Com isto, o método proposto se mostrou válido e eficiente, pois mensurou as variáveis de maneira rápida e precisa e se torna importante à medida que facilita a análise e auxilia a velejadores e técnicos na tomada de decisões.
This study aimed to propose and to validate a method for the measurement of hiking distance (Hd) and hiking moment (Hm) in Catamaran boats, through the use of force plates. This new method proposes the measurement by dynamometry, with the positioning of a force plate below each boat hoof to measure the Ground Reaction Forces (GRF). Based on the classic static equations Hd and Hm were determined. In order to validate the method a validation of competing was carried out through the comparison with kinematic values measured through the Peak Motus system. Intraclass correlation coeficient was used. Different positions in two different inclinations of the boat, simulating the boat heeling, had been analyzed. The results showed a high correlation (ICC > 0.99) and a small average error (1.00 percent for Hd and 0.96 percent for Hm) between the methods. Thus, the new method seems to be valid and efficient since it measured the variables in a fast and precise way, facilitating the analysis and assisting sailors and coaches on decision taking.
Asunto(s)
Navíos/normas , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Equipos de Medición de Riesgos , Deportes AcuáticosRESUMEN
Outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness on cruise vessels have been caused in the past by contaminated water and by food consumed on the ships or on shore visits. Person-to person transmission has also been strongly suspected on some occasions-in one case, in the setting of repeated outbreaks on consecutive cruises. Laboratory findings implicated Norwalk virus as the pathogenic agent on the first of the Holiday outbreaks. However, all three outbreaks had epidemiologic features characteristic of epidemics of Norwalk virus gastroenteritis. These include: (1) a high attack rate in adults; (2) a high frequency of vomiting; (3) short duration of illness; and (4) absence of identified bacterial pathogens. It is not yet clear whether food or water were vehicles of infection in these outbreaks or whether sanitary deficiencies contributed to the risk of outbreaks of viral enteric disease on these cruise ships. (AU)