RESUMEN

Determining the concentration of biomarkers offers insights into the health condition and performance of the body. The majority of the biosensors applied to measuring biomarkers in biological fluids are electrochemical bases; however, these biosensors suffer from several key drawbacks. These include utilizing complex sensing materials to obtain desirable analytical performance, which prevents their practical application; and operation at a relatively high potential, which leads to inaccurate measurements due to the undesired oxidation of non-target molecules. A novel photo-induced chemiresistive biosensor is introduced here that addresses these challenges. A UV-induced ZnO nanorod (NR) chemiresistive biosensor is developed and applied to monitoring lactate and glucose, as model biomarkers in sweat. The detection mechanism of lactate based on its interaction with ZnO NRs is proposed. Furthermore, the effect of the electrode design and operating parameters, including irradiance, radiation wavelength, and applied potential, are evaluated. The highest response, the shortest response time, and complete recovery are obtained at 5.6 mW/cm2 irradiance of 365 nm and 0.1 V potential. The results indicate that the developed transduction platform utilizing a simple sensing layer is a promising technique with excellent analytical performance for detecting different biomarkers, thereby paving the way toward the emergence of photo-induced chemiresistive biosensors for real-life applications.

Asunto(s)

Técnicas Biosensibles , Nanotubos , Sudor , Óxido de Zinc , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Óxido de Zinc/química , Nanotubos/química , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Sudor/química , Sudor/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Ácido Láctico/análisis , Glucosa/análisis , Rayos Ultravioleta , Técnicas Electroquímicas , Electrodos , Biomarcadores/análisis , Procesos Fotoquímicos

RESUMEN

This study prepared dumbbell-shaped titanium dioxide (TiO2)/gold nanorods (AuNRs) coated with mesoporous silica shells (mS) (AuNRs-TiO2@mS). Methotrexate (MTX) was further loaded into the AuNRs-TiO2@mS, and then upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were decorated to form AuNRs-TiO2@mS-MTX: UCNP nanocomposites. TiO2 is used as an intense photosensitizer (PS) to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Concurrently, AuNRs exhibited intense photothermal therapy (PTT) effects and photothermal conversion efficiency. In vitro results suggested that these nanocomposites can kill oral cancer cells (HSC-3) without toxicity through irradiation of NIR laser, owing to the synergistic effect. The in vivo studies indicated that these nanocomposites exhibited excellent antitumor effects through synergistic PDT/PTT/chemotherapy under a near-infrared (NIR) 808 nm laser irradiation. Thus, these AuNRs-TiO2@mS: UCNP nanocomposites have great potential to undergo deep tissue penetration with enhanced synergistic effects through NIR-triggered light for cancer treatment.

Asunto(s)

Nanopartículas , Nanotubos , Neoplasias , Fotoquimioterapia , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Metotrexato/farmacología , Dióxido de Silicio , Oro/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéutico , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico

RESUMEN

Silica-coated gold nanorods (AuNRs) exhibit significantly enhanced photothermal effects and photoacoustic (PA) signal intensities, which is beneficial for various nanophotonic applications in materials science. However, the silica shell thickness for optimum enhancement is not fully understood and is even controversial depending on the physical state of the silica shell. This is because of the lack of systematic investigations of the nanoscale silica shell thickness and the photothermal effect. This study provides a robust synthetic method to control the silica shell thickness at the nanoscale and the physical state-dependent heat diffusion property. The selected base and solvent system enabled the production of silica-coated AuNRs (AuNR@SiO2) with silica shell thicknesses of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 nm. AuNRs with a 20 nm silica shell showed the highest photothermal effect with a 1.45-times higher photothermal efficiency than that of AuNRs without a silica shell. The low density of the silica shell on the AuNRs showed a low photothermal effect and photostability. It was found that the disruption of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) layers on the AuNRs was responsible for the low photostability of the AuNRs. The simulation study for the heat diffusion property showed facilitated heat diffusion in the presence of a 20 nm silica shell. In a cell-based study, AuNRs with a 20 nm silica shell showed the most sensitive photothermal effect for cell death. The results of this robust study can provide conclusive conditions for the optimal silica shell thickness to obtain the highest photothermal effect, which will be useful for the future design of nanomaterials in various fields of application.

Asunto(s)

Nanotubos/química , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cetrimonio/química , Transferencia de Energía , Oro/química , Oro/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Rayos Infrarrojos , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Terapia Fototérmica , Dióxido de Silicio/efectos de la radiación

RESUMEN

We report here a novel photocurrent polarity switching strategy for a photoelectrochemical immunoassay driven by the covalent reaction between fullerenol (COH) and chloranilic acid (CA). The sensitive detection of interleukin-6 is achieved by using CA-encapsulated liposome as the label and COH-coated ZnO as the photoactive material, with a detection limit of 1.0 fg mL-1.

Asunto(s)

Fulerenos/química , Interleucina-6/sangre , Nanotubos/química , Óxido de Zinc/química , Anticuerpos/inmunología , Benzoquinonas/química , Técnicas Electroquímicas/instrumentación , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Electrodos , Fulerenos/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Interleucina-6/inmunología , Límite de Detección , Liposomas/química , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Procesos Fotoquímicos , Compuestos de Estaño/química , Óxido de Zinc/efectos de la radiación

RESUMEN

Although nanoparticles based on Group 8 elements such as Fe and Ru have been developed, not much is known about Os nanoparticles. However, Os-based nanostructures might have potential in various applications including biomedical fields. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized Os-Te nanorods (OsTeNRs) by solvothermal galvanic replacement with Te nanotemplates. We explored the nanozymatic activity of the synthesized OsTeNRs and found that they exhibited superior photothermal conversion and photocatalytic activity. Along with chemotherapy (regorafenib) and immunotherapy, the nanozymatic, photothermal, and photodynamic activities of OsTeNRs were harnessed to develop a pentamodal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the pentamodal therapy could alleviate hypoxia in HCC cells by generating oxygen and reduced unintended drug accumulation in organs. Moreover, bone-marrow toxicity due to regorafenib could be reduced as the drug was released in a sustained manner. Thus, OsTeNRs can be considered as suitable nanotemplates for combinatorial cancer therapy.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Nanotubos/química , Animales , Catálisis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Portadores de Fármacos/síntesis química , Portadores de Fármacos/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Osmio/química , Osmio/efectos de la radiación , Compuestos de Fenilurea/uso terapéutico , Fotoquimioterapia , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Telurio/química , Telurio/efectos de la radiación , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto

RESUMEN

Optical properties of anisotropic gold nanorod arrays inside anodic aluminium oxide substrates enhance the longitudinal absorption intensities and the hyperthermia cancer cell killing at 42.1 °C under photothermal laser exposures at 671 nm.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Nanotubos/química , Terapia Fototérmica/métodos , Óxido de Aluminio/química , Óxido de Aluminio/farmacología , Óxido de Aluminio/efectos de la radiación , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/efectos de la radiación , Muerte Celular/fisiología , Oro/química , Oro/farmacología , Oro/efectos de la radiación , Células HeLa , Humanos , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación

RESUMEN

Synergetic therapy includes the combination of two or more conventional therapeutic approaches and can be used for tumor treatment by combining the advantages and avoiding the drawbacks of each type of treatment. In the present study, truncated tissue factor (tTF)-EG3287 fusion protein-encapsulated gold nanorod (GNR)-virus-inspired mesoporous silica core-shell nanoparticles (vinyl hybrid silica nanoparticles; VSNP) (GNR@VSNP-tTF-EG3287) were synthesized to achieve synergetic therapy by utilizing selective vascular thrombosis therapy (SVTT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). By integrating the targeted coagulation activity of tTF-EG3287 and the high tumor ablation effect of GNR@VSNP, local hyperthermia could induce a high percentage of apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells by using near-infrared light. This provided additional phospholipid sites for tTF-EG3287 and enhanced its procoagulant activity in vitro. In addition, the nanoparticles, which had unique topological viral structures, exhibited superior cellular uptake properties leading to significant antitumor efficacy. The in vivo antitumor results further demonstrated an interaction between SVTT and PTT, whereas the synergetic therapy (SVTT and PTT) achieved an enhanced effect, which was superior to the respective treatment efficacy of each modality or the additive effect of their individual efficacies. In summary, the synthesized GNR@VSNP-tTF-EG3287 exerted synergetic effects and enhanced the antitumor efficiency by avoiding multiple injections and suboptimal administration. These effects simultaneously affected both tumor blood supply and cancer cell proliferation. The data suggested that the integration of SVTT induced by tTF-EG3287 and PTT could provide potential strategies for synergetic tumor therapy.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Coagulantes/uso terapéutico , Nanotubos/química , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Coagulantes/química , Femenino , Oro/química , Oro/efectos de la radiación , Oro/toxicidad , Células Hep G2 , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Rayos Infrarrojos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Nanotubos/toxicidad , Fragmentos de Péptidos/química , Fragmentos de Péptidos/uso terapéutico , Terapia Fototérmica , Porosidad , Conejos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/química , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Dióxido de Silicio/efectos de la radiación , Dióxido de Silicio/toxicidad , Tromboplastina/química , Tromboplastina/uso terapéutico , Trombosis/inducido químicamente , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/química , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/uso terapéutico , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto

RESUMEN

Sonosensitizers play crucial roles in the controlled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultrasound (US) irradiation with high tissue-penetration depth for noninvasive solid tumor therapy. It is desirable to fabricate structurally simple yet multifunctional sonosensitizers from ultrafine nanoparticles for ROS-based multimode therapy to overcome monomode limitations such as low ROS production yields and endogenous reductive glutathione (GSH) to ROS-based treatment resistance. We report the facile high-temperature solution synthesis of ultrafine W-doped TiO2 (W-TiO2) nanorods for exploration of their sonodynamic, chemodynamic, and GSH-depleting activities in sonodynamic-chemodynamic combination tumor therapy. We found that W5+ and W6+ ions doped in W-TiO2 nanorods play multiple roles in enhancing their ROS production. First, W doping narrows the band gap from 3.2 to 2.3 eV and introduces oxygen and Ti vacancies for enhancing their sonodynamic performance. Second, W5+ doping endows W-TiO2 nanorods with Fenton-like reaction activity to produce •OH from endogenous H2O2 in the tumor. Third, W6+ ions reduce endogenous GSH to glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and, in turn, form W5+ ions that further enhance their chemodynamic activity, which greatly modifies thae oxidation-reduction tumor microenvironment in the tumor. In vivo experiments display the excellent ability of W-TiO2 nanorods for enhanced tumor eradication in human osteosarcoma models under single US irradiation. Importantly, the ultrafine nanorod morphology facilitates rapid excretion from the body, displaying no significant systemic toxicity. Our work suggests that multivalent metal doping in ultrafine nanomaterials is an effective and simple strategy for the introduction of new functions for ROS-based multimode therapy.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Óseas/tratamiento farmacológico , Nanotubos/química , Osteosarcoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Sensibilizantes a Radiaciones/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/efectos de la radiación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Glutatión/metabolismo , Humanos , Radical Hidroxilo/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Fármacos Sensibilizantes a Radiaciones/química , Fármacos Sensibilizantes a Radiaciones/efectos de la radiación , Oxígeno Singlete/metabolismo , Titanio/química , Titanio/efectos de la radiación , Titanio/uso terapéutico , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Tungsteno/química , Tungsteno/efectos de la radiación , Tungsteno/uso terapéutico , Terapia por Ultrasonido , Ondas Ultrasónicas

RESUMEN

Engineering of biological pathways with man-made materials provides inspiring blueprints for sustainable drug production. (R)-1-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol [(R)-3,5-BTPE], as an important artificial chiral intermediate for complicated pharmaceutical drugs and biologically active molecules, is often synthesized through a hydrogenation reaction of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone (3,5-BTAP), in which enantioselectivity and sufficient active hydrogen are the key to restricting the reaction. In this work, a biohybrid photocatalytic hydrogenation system based on an artificial cross-linked enzymes (CLEs)-TiO2-Cp*Rh(bpy) photoenzyme is developed through a bottom-up engineering strategy. Here, TiO2 nanotubes in the presence of Cp*Rh(bpy) are used to transform NADP+ to NADPH during the formation of chiral alcohol intermediates from the catalytic reduction of a ketone substrate by alcohol dehydrogenase CLEs. Hydrogen and electrons, provided by water and photocatalytic systems, respectively, are transferred to reduce NADP+ to NADPH via [Cp*Rh(bpy)(H2O)]2+. With the resulting NADPH, [(R)-3,5-BTPE] is synthesized using our efficient CLEs obtained from the cell lysate by nonstandard amino acid modification. Through this biohybrid photocatalytic system, the photoenzyme-catalyzed combined reductive synthesis of [(R)-3,5-BTPE] has a yield of 41.2% after reaction for 24 h and a very high enantiomeric excess value (>99.99%). In the case of reuse, this biohybrid system retained nearly 95% of its initial catalytic activity for synthesizing the above chiral alcohol. The excellent reusability of the CLEs and TiO2 nanotubes hybrid catalytic materials highlights the environmental friendliness of (R)-3,5-BTPE production.

Asunto(s)

Alcohol Deshidrogenasa/química , Nanotubos/química , Alcohol Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Titanio/química , Proteínas Bacterianas/química , Catálisis/efectos de la radiación , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Complejos de Coordinación/efectos de la radiación , Hidrogenación , Lactobacillus/enzimología , Luz , NADP/síntesis química , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Alcohol Feniletílico/síntesis química , Rodio/química , Rodio/efectos de la radiación , Estereoisomerismo , Titanio/efectos de la radiación , Agua/química

RESUMEN

MicroRNA-21 is an important biomarker of tumor early prediction and metastasis, and its accurate detection is of great significance for tumor diagnosis and treatment. It will be a meaningful work to combine the detection of RNA with chemotherapy and photothermal therapy on the same composite material. Herein, we designed a multifunctional nanocomposite based on gold nanorods (AuNRs), making use of microRNA-triggered drug release and near-infrared photothermal effect, which has been developed for cancer therapy and microRNA-21detection. Firstly, the AuNRs with photothermal effect were synthesized as carriers for drug delivery. Then the surface of gold nanorods was modified by functional DNA chains to provide an efficient site for doxorubicin (DOX) loading. Finally, folic acid was introduced to achieve the targeted treatment of MCF-7 cells. The microRNA competed with the double-stranded DNA, resulting in the release of DOX and the recovery of fluorescence signal located at 595 nm with an excitation of 488 nm effectively. The nano-biosensor could not only achieve dual-function of diagnosis and treatment of cancer cells, but also accomplish the detection of microRNA in tumor cells. It showed a high selectivity for microRNA-21 determination with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.1 nM from the linear relationship from 1.0 × 10-5 M to 5.0 × 10-7 M. This scheme provides an outstanding strategy for cell imaging, treatment, and detection, which serves as a promising candidate in the field of biomedical research.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , MicroARNs/análisis , Nanotubos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , ADN/química , Doxorrubicina/química , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Liberación de Fármacos , Quimioterapia , Ácido Fólico/química , Oro/química , Oro/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Ácidos Nucleicos Inmovilizados/química , Rayos Infrarrojos , Nanocompuestos/química , Nanocompuestos/efectos de la radiación , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Terapia Fototérmica

RESUMEN

There has been growing interest in the application of gold nanorods (GNRs) to tumor therapy due to the unique properties they possess. In the past, GNRs were not used in clinical treatments as they lacked stability in vivo and were characterized by potential toxicity. Despite these issues, the significant potential for utilizing GNRs to conduct safe and effective treatments for tumors cannot be ignored. Therefore, it remains crucial to thoroughly investigate the mechanisms behind the toxicity of GNRs in order to provide the means of overcoming obstacles to its full application in the future. This review presents the toxic effects of GNRs, the factors affecting toxicity and the methods to improve biocompatibility, all of which are presently being studied. Finally, we conclude by briefly discussing the current research status of GNRs and provide additional perspective on the challenges involved along with the course of development for GNRs in the future.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Nanopartículas del Metal/uso terapéutico , Nanotubos/química , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/efectos de la radiación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina/uso terapéutico , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Portadores de Fármacos/efectos de la radiación , Portadores de Fármacos/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia , Oro/química , Oro/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/efectos de la radiación , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/efectos de la radiación , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéutico , Terapia Fototérmica

RESUMEN

Controlled drug release in response to light irradiation is an important technique for focusing drug elution to specific sites and reducing the side effects of drugs in normal tissue. In one example, we used double-stranded DNA to modify gold nanorods. When the gold nanorods were heated by irradiation with near-infrared light, single-stranded DNA was released. Thus, we successfully prepared a controlled release system that responds to near-infrared irradiation by combining heat-labile linkers such as double-stranded DNA. However, the drug-loading capacity on the surface of the nanoparticles was limited. To improve the loading efficiency, we encapsulated gold nanorods in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, where PLGA acted as a drug payload. When the gold nanorod-containing PLGA nanoparticles were irradiated with a near-infrared laser, the PLGA nanoparticles were destroyed and significant drug release was observed. In another example, silver nanoplates were used as a near-infrared responsive photothermal nanodevice. Silver nanoparticles show antimicrobial activity that we expected could be controlled by light irradiation. First, we coated the silver nanoplates with gold atoms to mask the antimicrobial activity. When the gold-coated silver nanoplates were irradiated with a near-infrared pulsed laser, the shape of the silver nanoplates changed from plate-like to spherical, and silver ions were released. As a result, the antibacterial activity of the silver nanoplates was recovered. In this review, we outline examples of controlled release systems that respond to light irradiation. We believe that this review will contribute to improving the efficiency and safety of chemotherapy.

Asunto(s)

Liberación de Fármacos/efectos de la radiación , Oro , Rayos Infrarrojos , Nanopartículas del Metal , Nanotubos , Animales , Antiinfecciosos , ADN , Oro/farmacología , Oro/efectos de la radiación , Calor , Humanos , Nanopartículas del Metal/efectos de la radiación , Ratones , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico/efectos de la radiación , Plata/farmacología , Plata/efectos de la radiación

RESUMEN

Polypyrrole one-dimensional nanostructures (nanotubes, nanobelts and nanofibers) were prepared using three various dyes (Methyl Orange, Methylene Blue and Eriochrome Black T). Their high electrical conductivity (from 17.1 to 60.9 S cm-1), good thermal stability (in the range from 25 to 150 °C) and resistivity against ageing (half-time of electrical conductivity around 80 days and better) were used in preparation of lightweight and flexible composites with silicone for electromagnetic interference shielding in the C-band region (5.85-8.2 GHz). The nanostructures' morphology and chemical structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface measurement and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. DC electrical conductivity was measured using the Van der Pauw method. Complex permittivity and AC electrical conductivity of respective silicone composites were calculated from the measured scattering parameters. The relationships between structure, electrical properties and shielding efficiency were studied. It was found that 2 mm-thick silicone composites of polypyrrole nanotubes and nanobelts shield almost 80% of incident radiation in the C-band at very low loading of conductive filler in the silicone (5% w/w). Resulting lightweight and flexible polypyrrole composites exhibit promising properties for shielding of electromagnetic interference in sensitive biological and electronic systems.

Asunto(s)

Radiación Electromagnética , Nanoestructuras/química , Polímeros/química , Pirroles/química , Siliconas/química , Compuestos Azo/química , Azul de Metileno/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Nanofibras/química , Nanofibras/efectos de la radiación , Nanoestructuras/efectos de la radiación , Nanoestructuras/ultraestructura , Nanotubos/química , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Nanotubos/ultraestructura , Polímeros/efectos de la radiación , Pirroles/efectos de la radiación , Siliconas/efectos de la radiación

RESUMEN

Aiming to the ongoing challenge of accurate and sensitive detection for cancer biomarkers, antibody-functionalized NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@SiO2 nanorods were developed as upconversion luminescence (UCL)-infrared absorption (IRA) nanoprobes. Benefiting from the shielding effect of the SiO2 shell, an enhanced UCL was achieved. Additionally, an IRA detection signal was introduced by the Si-O-Si bonds of SiO2. Its mutual verification with UCL signal was favorable for ensuring the accuracy of the assay. A UCL-IRA sandwich detection method was established for the detection of the prostate-specific antigen. The UCL intensity at 542 nm and IRA at 1095 cm-1 were chosen for quantitative assay. The method has high sensitivity (0.05 pg mL-1) and selectivity. The range of detection (200 fg mL-1-200 ng mL-1) was singnificantly broadened compared with that of single-readout UCL or IRA detection. The assay performance of human serum samples demonstrated the practicability of the method in clinical cancer diagnosis. Graphical abstract.

Asunto(s)

Nanotubos/química , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Anticuerpos Inmovilizados/inmunología , Erbio/química , Erbio/efectos de la radiación , Fluoruros/química , Fluoruros/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Luz , Límite de Detección , Luminiscencia , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Antígeno Prostático Específico/inmunología , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Iterbio/química , Iterbio/efectos de la radiación , Itrio/química , Itrio/efectos de la radiación

RESUMEN

Molecularly imprinting polymers (MIPs), as artificial antibodies with high recognition selectivity to template molecules, are widely used in various biosensors. To improve further the selectivity of MIPs-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors, we report a differential strategy using non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) as the reference. In a proof-to-concept example for the determination of dopamine (DA), MIPs and NIPs membranes were fabricated by electrochemical polymerization of polypyrrole membranes on the surface of graphene quantum dots (GQDs)/TiO2 nanotubes (NTs). The photocurrent difference between the two PEC cells, MIPs@GQDs/TiO2 NTs-Pt and NIPs@GQDs/TiO2 NTs-Pt, was measured as the signal. As the non-specific adsorption of non-template molecules on the outside surface of MIPs and NIPs membranes is similar, the anti-interference ability for the determination of DA is much improved by using differential strategy. In the normal and differential PEC measurement models, 10.0 µM ascorbic acid is equivalent to 3.12 and 0.40 µM DA, respectively. Further, the smaller specific surface area in NIPs membrane was compensated by using a weight factor to correct the residual interference in a modified differential model. By using 10.0 µM ascorbic acid as the balance point, the presence of 10.0 µM H2O2, glutathione, uric acid or glucose is equivalent only to 0.090, 0.061,0.11 or 0.041 µM of DA, respectively, which are about 3-7% of their interference levels in the normal photocurrent model. The differential PEC method was applied in the determination of DA in serum samples in the linear range of 0.05-12.5 µM, with the detection limit of 0.018 µM.

Asunto(s)

Dopamina/sangre , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Polímeros Impresos Molecularmente/química , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Grafito/química , Humanos , Luz , Límite de Detección , Impresión Molecular/métodos , Nanotubos/química , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Fotoquímica/métodos , Polímeros/química , Prueba de Estudio Conceptual , Pirroles/química , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Titanio/química , Titanio/efectos de la radiación

RESUMEN

Here, we describe how to extract tethers or lipid membrane nanotubes from the plasma membrane of cells using optical tweezers. This technique allows measuring the force required to hold the membrane tether at a constant length, which is related to the cell membrane tension. Following the evolution of this force during mechanical or chemical perturbations of the cell gives insight about the regulation of cell membrane tension. By pulling very long membrane tethers, one can also probe the membrane reservoir of a cell and a sudden rise in the tether force is usually due to the depletion of excess membranes stored in membrane folds or invaginations.

Asunto(s)

Membrana Celular/química , Lípidos/efectos de la radiación , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Pinzas Ópticas , Animales , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Rayos Láser , Lípidos/química , Nanotubos/química , Poliestirenos/química

RESUMEN

The development of sustainable methods for the degradation of pollutants in water is an ongoing critical challenge. Anthropogenic organic micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, present in our water supplies in trace quantities, are currently not remediated by conventional treatment processes. Here, we report an initial demonstration of the oxidative degradation of organic micropollutants using specially designed nanoparticles and visible-wavelength sunlight. Gold "Janus" nanorods (Au JNRs), partially coated with silica to enhance their colloidal stability in aqueous solutions while also maintaining a partially uncoated Au surface to facilitate photocatalysis, were synthesized. Au JNRs were dispersed in an aqueous solution containing peroxydisulfate (PDS), where oxidative degradation of both simulant and actual organic micropollutants was observed. Photothermal heating, light-induced hot electron-driven charge transfer, and direct electron shuttling under dark conditions all contribute to the observed oxidation chemistry. This work not only provides an ideal platform for studying plasmonic photochemistry in aqueous medium but also opens the door for nanoengineered, solar-based methods to remediate recalcitrant micropollutants in water supplies.

Asunto(s)

Nanopartículas del Metal/efectos de la radiación , Fotólisis/efectos de la radiación , Luz Solar , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Contaminación Química del Agua/prevención & control , Oro/química , Oro/efectos de la radiación , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanotecnología/métodos , Nanotubos/química , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Compuestos Orgánicos/química , Compuestos Orgánicos/toxicidad , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de la radiación , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Dióxido de Silicio/efectos de la radiación , Agua/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad

RESUMEN

We propose a novel keratin treatment of human hair by its aqueous mixtures with natural halloysite clay nanotubes. The loaded clay nanotubes together with free keratin produce micrometer-thick protective coating on hair. First, colloidal and structural properties of halloysite/keratin dispersions and the nanotube loaded with this protein were investigated. Above the keratin isoelectric point (pH = 4), the protein adsorption into the positive halloysite lumen is favored because of the electrostatic attractions. The ζ-potential magnitude of these core-shell particles increased from -35 (in pristine form) to -43 mV allowing for an enhanced colloidal stability (15 h at pH = 6). This keratin-clay tubule nanocomposite was used for the immersion treatment of hair. Three-dimensional-measuring laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that 50-60% of the hair surface coverage can be achieved with 1 wt % suspension application. Hair samples have been exposed to UV irradiation for times up to 72 h to explore the protection capacity of this coating by monitoring the cysteine oxidation products. The nanocomposites of halloysite and keratin prevent the deterioration of human hair as evident by significant inhibition of cysteic acid. The successful hair structure protection was also visually confirmed by atomic force microscopy and dark-field hyperspectral microscopy. The proposed formulation represents a promising strategy for a sustainable medical coating on the hair, which remediates UV irradiation stress.

Asunto(s)

Arcilla/química , Cabello/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinas/química , Nanocompuestos/química , Protectores contra Radiación/química , Adulto , Femenino , Cabello/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Queratinas/efectos de la radiación , Nanocompuestos/efectos de la radiación , Nanotubos/química , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Protectores contra Radiación/efectos de la radiación , Rayos Ultravioleta

RESUMEN

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials have attracted much interest in life science and biological fields because of their excellent photocatalytic activity and good biocompatibility. However, owing to its wide band gap, photocatalysis of TiO2 can be only triggered by UV light. The limited transparent depth of UV light and the generated reactive oxygen species (ROSs) cause inflammation response of skin tissue, thus posing two major challenges in the photocatalytic application of TiO2-based materials in drug delivery and other biotechnology fields. Here, we propose an upconversion-related strategy to enable the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotubes in near-infrared light and apply the system as a controllable drug delivery platform. More importantly, the ROS-induced cytotoxicity and the preleaching of payloads are significantly reduced on the as-proposed amphiphilic TiO2 nanotubes. The hydrophobic monolayers are served as a "cap" to provide protection for ROS-induced inflammation and long-term storability. This amphiphilic drug delivery system broadens the potential applications of TiO2-based nanomaterials in biomedicine.

Asunto(s)

Ampicilina/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Nanotubos/química , Titanio/química , Ampicilina/química , Antibacterianos/química , Catálisis/efectos de la radiación , Línea Celular , Liberación de Fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Oro/química , Oro/efectos de la radiación , Oro/toxicidad , Humanos , Rayos Infrarrojos , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/efectos de la radiación , Nanopartículas del Metal/toxicidad , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Nanotubos/toxicidad , Titanio/efectos de la radiación , Titanio/toxicidad

RESUMEN

In this work, an aptamer-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) assay is reported for the determination of MCF-7 breast cancer cells using hexagonal carbon nitride tubes (HCNTs) as photoactive material. The aptamer immobilized on the HCNT surface can specifically bind with mucin 1 protein (MUC1) that is overexpressed on the surface of MCF-7 cell. Thus, the PEC assay has high specificity for the determination of MCF-7. The determination of MCF-7 is due to the binding of MCF-7 onto HCNT that suppressed the photocurrent intensity. The PEC assay displays good performances for MCF-7 determination with a linear range from 1 × 102 to 1 × 105 cell mL-1 and limit of detection down to 17 cells mL-1. Meanwhile, the PEC assay can distinguish MCF-7 from normal cells in blood samples, which may have potential applications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.

Asunto(s)

Aptámeros de Nucleótidos/química , Separación Celular/métodos , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Ácidos Nucleicos Inmovilizados/química , Mucina-1/química , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Secuencia de Bases , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Luz , Límite de Detección , Nanotubos/química , Nanotubos/efectos de la radiación , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/química , Nitrilos/química , Nitrilos/efectos de la radiación , Fotoquímica/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados