RESUMEN
The Chinese bayberry pomace wine (CPW) was prepared with the assisted fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria, and its antioxidant effect on Drosophila melanogaster was researched. After mixed fermentation, CPW had a better color, which means there was more retention of anthocyanins, and the functional activity of anthocyanins could enhance the antioxidant capacity of flies. We found that the lifespan of flies exposed to CPW was prolonged, and the reproductive capacity of these flies was decreased. The food intake of flies was also influenced by CPW with gender differences. Furthermore, CPW alleviated the excessive proliferation of the intestinal precursor cells of H2O2-induced flies and activated the transcription level of antibacterial peptide genes. CPW had a protective effect on H2O2-induced acute injury flies, with an increased survival rate, enhanced SOD and CAT activities, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in flies. The expression of oxidative stress-related genes including CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and CAT was also significantly upregulated by CPW, but the downregulation effect of CPW on age-related gene expression such as methuselah (MTH), the target of rapamycin (TOR) and ribosomaiprotein S6 kinase (S6K) was sex-specific. These results suggested that CPW played an important role in anti-oxidative stress injury, which was beneficial to promoting the reuse of by-products from Chinese bayberry processing.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Drosophila melanogaster , Fermentación , Myrica , Estrés Oxidativo , Vino , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Vino/análisis , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Myrica/química , Longevidad/efectos de los fármacos , Antocianinas/farmacología , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
Bayberry pomace, a nutrient-rich material abundant in dietary fiber (DF), has historically been underutilized due to a lack of thorough research. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical and functional properties of the DF. Ultrasonic enzymatic treatment was performed to extract the total DF, which was then optimized to produce modified soluble dietary fiber (MSDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (MIDF). The optimized conditions yielded 15.14% of MSDF with a water-holding capacity (WHC) of 54.13 g/g. The DFs were evaluated for their structural, physicochemical, and functional properties. The MSDF showed a higher (p < 0.05) WHC, oil-holding capacity (OHC), swelling capacity (SC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and glucose adsorption capacity (GAC) (about 14.15, 0.88, 1.23, 1.22, and 0.34 times) compared to the DF. Additionally, the MSDF showed strong, superior radical scavenging and blood sugar-lowering capabilities, with a more porous surface morphology. A Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis indicated that enzymatic modification degraded the cellulose and hemicellulose, reducing the DF crystallinity. Overall, the results demonstrated that cellulase hydrolysis could effectively improve the physicochemical and functional properties of DF, thereby paving the way for its development into functional food products.
Asunto(s)
Fibras de la Dieta , Myrica , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Myrica/química , Hidrólisis , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Celulasa/metabolismo , Celulasa/química , Fenómenos Químicos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Polisacáridos/químicaRESUMEN
Owing to their lack of outer skin, Chinese bayberries are highly susceptible to mechanical damage during picking, which accelerates bacterial invasion and rotting, shortening their shelf life. In this study, montmorillonite (MMT) was used to absorb an aqueous sodium chlorite solution embedded in a carboxymethyl cellulose sodium hydrogel after freeze drying, and the hydrogel was crosslinked by Al3+ ions. Al3+ hydrolyzed to produce H+, creating an acidic environment within the hydrogel and reacting with NaClO2 to slowly release ClO2. We prepared a ClO2 slow-release hydrogel gasket with 0.5 wt% MMT-NaClO2 and investigated its storage effect on postharvest Chinese bayberries. Its inhibition rates against Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes were 98.84% and 98.96%, respectively. The results showed that the gasket preserved the appearance and nutritional properties of the berries. The antibacterial hydrogel reduced hardness loss by 26.57% and ascorbic acid loss by 46.36%. This new storage method could also be applicable to other fruits and vegetables.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Bentonita , Carboximetilcelulosa de Sodio , Escherichia coli , Conservación de Alimentos , Frutas , Hidrogeles , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Bentonita/química , Bentonita/farmacología , Carboximetilcelulosa de Sodio/química , Carboximetilcelulosa de Sodio/farmacología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Conservación de Alimentos/instrumentación , Frutas/química , Frutas/microbiología , Hidrogeles/química , Listeria monocytogenes/efectos de los fármacos , Listeria monocytogenes/crecimiento & desarrollo , Myrica/químicaRESUMEN
Myrica esculenta is an important ethnomedicinal plant used in the traditional system of medicine and as an important nutraceutical. Several studies on the plant justify its use in alternative systems of medicine and establish a scientific rationale for its possible therapeutic application. The plant contains a range of biologically active classes of compounds, particularly diarylheptanoids, flavonoids, terpenes, tannins, and glycosides. The nutraceutical potential of the plant can be particularly attributed to its fruit, and several studies have demonstrated the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fiber content, and minerals like sodium, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, and zinc, in it. The current review aims to provide complete insight into the phytochemistry, pharmacological potential, and nutritional potential of the plant, which would not only serve as a comprehensive source of information but also will highlight the scope of isolation and evaluation of these molecules for various disease conditions.
Asunto(s)
Myrica , Myrica/química , Medicina Tradicional , Frutas , Diarilheptanoides , Flavonoides , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The Chinese bayberry (Morella rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) is grown commercially in China and other Asian countries for its flavorful and appealing fruit. Here, two bayberry varieties differing in both color and flavor, namely, BDK ('Baidongkui') and DK ('Dongkui'), in China were compared. A total of 18 anthocyanins, three proanthocyanidins, and 229 primary metabolites were identified in the pulp of the two varieties; these were analyzed and compared using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The DK pulp showed higher concentrations of all 18 anthocyanins compared with BDK, apart from peonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside which was not detected in BDK and which was responsible for the formation of pink pulp in BDK. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the primary metabolites indicated that the two bayberry varieties had distinct metabolite profiles with approximately 37% (85/229) of the primary metabolome being significantly different. Of these, 62 metabolites were down-regulated and 23 metabolites were up-regulated in BDK relative to DK. Our results suggested that the flavor of the BDK fruit was different from DK, which could be explained by the reduced saccharide, organic acid, amino acid, and proanthocyanidin contents. These findings enhance our understanding of the metabolites responsible for color and taste differences in the Chinese bayberry.
Asunto(s)
Myrica , Myricaceae , Humanos , Antocianinas/análisis , Myrica/química , Gusto , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
Myrica rubra pomace accounts for 20% of the fruit's weight that is not utilized when it is juiced. The pomace contains bioactive phenolic substances such as anthocyanins and flavonoids. To improve the utilization value of Myrica rubra pomace, an optimized extraction method for the residual polyphenols was developed using response surface methodology (RSM). The resulting extract was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the in vitro hypoglycemic activity and antioxidant activity of the polyphenolic compounds obtained were also investigated. The optimum extraction conditions (yielding 24.37 mg·g-1 total polyphenols content) were: extraction temperature 60 °C, ultrasonic power 270 W, ethanol concentration 53%, extraction time 57 min, and solid to liquid ratio 1:34. Four polyphenolic compounds were identified in the pomace extract by HPLC: myricitrin, cyanidin-O-glucoside, hyperoside, and quercitrin. DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging tests showed that the Myrica rubra polyphenols extract had strong antioxidant abilities. It is evident that the residual polyphenols present in Myrica rubra pomace have strong hypoglycemic activity and the juiced fruits can be further exploited for medicinal purposes.
Asunto(s)
Flavonoides , Depuradores de Radicales Libres , Hipoglucemiantes , Myrica/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/aislamiento & purificación , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pentacyclic triterpenoids are a biologically active class of phytoconstituents with diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory action. OBJECTIVE: In the current study, we isolated 3-Acetylmyricadiol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, from the ethyl acetate bark extract of Myrica esculenta and evaluated it for anti-inflammatory potential. METHODS: The ethyl acetate bark extract of the M. esculenta was subjected to column chromatography to isolate 3-Acetylmyricadiol. MTT assay was performed to check cell viability. The production of proinflammatory mediators like nitric oxide, IL-6, TNF-α were observed after the administration of 5, 10, 20 µM of 3-Acetylmyricadiol in LPS-activated raw 246.7 macrophages by the reported methods. RESULTS: MTT assay indicated more than 90% cell viability up to 20 µM of 3-Acetylmyricadiol. The administration of 3-Acetylmyricadiol inhibited the production of nitric oxide, IL-6, TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner significantly in comparison to LPS treated cells. The maximum effect was observed at 20 µM of 3-Acetylmyricadiol which resulted in 52.37, 63.10, and 55.37 % inhibition of nitric oxide, IL-6, and TNF-α, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory action of 3-Acetylmyricadiol and can serve as a potential candidate in the development of the clinically efficient anti-inflammatory molecule.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales , Triterpenos/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Citocinas , Ratones , Myrica/química , Óxido Nítrico , Corteza de la Planta/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Células RAW 264.7 , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfaRESUMEN
Here, we examined the phytochemical profiles, antioxidant activity (AA), and antiproliferative activity (APA) of four Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) pulp extracts. They were found to be rich in total phenolics content (TPC; 186.45 ± 5.42 to 498.94 ± 8.25 mg of gallic acid equiv./100 g FW) and total flavonoids content (TFC; 126.28 ± 4.18 to 194.35 ± 12.03 mg of catechin equiv./100 g FW). For all varieties, the free flavonoid/phenolic/anthocyanin contents were higher than that the bound fractions. Wild pink bayberry (WPB) displayed the highest values of TPC and TFC, and also showed the highest total antioxidant activity (TAA) as revealed by peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC) (451.47 ± 8.01 µmol Vit. C equiv./100 g FW), and free cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) (184.99 ± 6.11 µmol quercetin equiv./100 g FW, no PBS wash; 117.78 ± 2.34 µmol quercetin equiv./100 g FW, PBS wash) assays. Bayberry extracts had a marked reduction in the APA of HepG2 cells, and WPB exhibited the lowest EC50 (8.50 ± 0.83 mg/ml) value, which was probably associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) fruit is rich in natural phenolic compounds, which might be a functional ingredient in food and nutraceutical products. Our findings would provide a logical strategy to promote the comprehensive utilization of phenolics in bayberry fruit with both health and economy benefits.
Asunto(s)
Frutas , Myrica , Fitoquímicos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , China , Frutas/química , Myrica/química , Fitoquímicos/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The inflammatory reaction of mammary gland tissue in dairy cattle leads to the occurrence of mastitis disease and causes huge economic loss. Myricetin (Myr), a flavonoid natural product, is extracted from the root, stem, and leaves of Myrica rubra. It has a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. The purpose of this experiment is to further explore the effect of Myr on mastitis and further explore its potential mechanism in LPS-induced mice mastitis model and LPS-induced mice mammary epithelial cells (mMECs). The results showed that Myr could significantly inhibit the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß in the mammary gland of mice. Furthermore, the results of mechanism studies show that Myr can significantly inhibit P38 and ERK1/2 protein phosphorylation levels in mice mammary tissue, and this result has been further verified at the cellular level. These results confirm that Myr can significantly inhibit mammary inflammation, and its potential mechanism is to play a protective role by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of P38 and ERK1/2 protein.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Flavonoides/farmacología , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Mastitis/prevención & control , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Inflamación/patología , Lipopolisacáridos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Myrica/química , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) impose threats to the human health. This study firstly investigated the inhibition of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) phenolics on AGEs formation through mechanistic analysis. Four common Chinese bayberry cultivars were selected to prepare phenolic-rich extracts (CBEs) and characterized for phenolic composition, and their anti-AGE properties were evaluated in multiple in vitro systems. Total sixteen phenolics were quantified in CBEs by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. CBEs reduced total and specific fluorescent AGEs formation in various simulating models, and protected the protein from structural modification, oxidation, and cross-linking. Mechanistic analysis unveiled that scavenging of free radicals, inactivation of transition metals, interaction with protein to form complexes, and trapping of reactive α-dicarbonyls to form adducts underlain the mechanisms of the anti-glycative actions of CBEs. Chinese bayberry fruits, especially the cultivars Biqi and Wuzi, may be a promising dietary strategy to mitigate AGEs load in the human body.
Asunto(s)
Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Myrica/química , Fenoles/farmacología , ADN Glicosilasas/efectos de los fármacos , Frutas/química , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/análisisRESUMEN
The intake of carcinogenic and chemopreventive compounds are important nutritional factors related to the development of malignant tumorous diseases. Repetitive long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) DNA methylation pattern plays a key role in both carcinogenesis and chemoprevention. In our present in vivo animal model, we examined LINE-1 DNA methylation pattern as potential biomarker in the liver, spleen and kidney of mice consuming green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract (catechins 80%), a chinese bayberry (Morella rubra) extract (myricetin 80%), a flavonoid extract (with added resveratrol) and coffee (Coffee arabica) extract. In the organs examined, carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hypomethylation was prevented by all test materials except chinese bayberry extract in the kidneys. Moreover, the flavonoid extract caused significant hypermethylation in the liver compared to untreated controls and to other test materials. The tested chemopreventive substances have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties and regulate molecular biological signaling pathways. They increase glutathione levels, induce antioxidant enzymes, which decrease free radical damage caused by DMBA, and ultimately, they are able to increase the activity of DNA methyltransferase enzymes. Furthermore, flavonoids in the liver may inhibit the procarcinogen to carcinogen activation of DMBA through the inhibition of CYP1A1 enzyme. At the same time, paradoxically, myricetin can act as a prooxidant as a result of free radical damage, which can explain that it did not prevent hypomethylation in the kidneys. Our results demonstrated that LINE-1 DNA methylation pattern is a useful potential biomarker for detecting and monitoring carcinogenic and chemopreventive effects of dietary compounds.
Asunto(s)
Metilación de ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Elementos de Nucleótido Esparcido Largo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Anticarcinógenos/farmacología , Camellia sinensis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinógenos/farmacología , Catequina/farmacología , Café/química , ADN/metabolismo , Femenino , Flavonoides/farmacología , Glutatión/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Elementos de Nucleótido Esparcido Largo/genética , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Myrica/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Polifenoles/farmacología , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Té/química , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
The regular consumption of polyphenol-rich foods is essential to prevent the onset of diseases. Wild fruits are known to possess higher levels of bioactive components than the domesticated fruits because of the severe environmental conditions they are grown in. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profiles, and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of a wild pink bayberry fruit after in vitro digestion and to compare them with results obtained with a chemical extraction method. A low release of total phenolics and anthocyanins was observed after digestion compared with chemical extraction, while more flavonol contents were found by HPLC analysis. The digesta samples demonstrated low levels of extracellular antioxidant activity (EAA) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). However, the cellular uptake rate was increased during the in vitro digestion, and the largest value of 75.35% was obtained in the colon step. Notably, the antiproliferative activity in the colon digesta (10.14 ± 0.13 mg mL-1) was close to that of extracts (7.6 ± 0.63 mg mL-1). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that EAA and CAA were significantly correlated with TPC, while the antiproliferative activity was significantly correlated with the total contents of three flavonol compounds (quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin). Our observations provide new insights into the bioactivity variation of whole fruits as affected by simulated digestion.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/análisis , Digestión/fisiología , Frutas/química , Myrica/química , Fitoquímicos , Antocianinas/análisis , Antocianinas/química , Antioxidantes/química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of myricitrin (Myr), a glycosyloxyflavone extracted from Myrica esculenta bark, against diabetic nephropathy. Myr exhibited a significant hypoglycemic effect in high fat-fed and a single low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats. Myr was found to improve glucose uptake by the skeletal muscle via activating IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling in vitro and in vivo. Myr significantly attenuated high glucose (HG)-induced toxicity in NRK cells and in the kidneys of T2D rats. In this study, hyperglycemia caused nephrotoxicity via endorsing oxidative stress and inflammation resulting in the induction of apoptosis, fibrosis, and inflammatory damages. Myr was found to attenuate oxidative stress via scavenging/neutralizing oxidative radicals and improving endogenous redox defense through Nrf-2 activation in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Myr was also found to attenuate diabetes-triggered renal inflammation via suppressing NF-κB activation. Myr inhibited hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis and fibrosis in renal cells evidenced by the changes in the expressions of the apoptotic and fibrotic factors. The molecular docking predicted the interactions between Myr and different signal proteins. An in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) study predicted the drug-likeness character of Myr. Results suggested the possibility of Myr to be a potential therapeutic agent for diabetic nephropathy in the future.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Nefropatías Diabéticas , Flavonoides , Hipoglucemiantes , Myrica/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza de la Planta/química , Animales , Línea Celular , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Nefropatías Diabéticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Nefropatías Diabéticas/metabolismo , Nefropatías Diabéticas/patología , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/patología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Terrestrial plants, due to their sessile nature, are highly exposed to environmental pressure and therefore need to produce very effective molecules that enable them to survive all the threats. Myrica and Morella (Myricaceae) are taxonomically close genera, which include species of trees or shrubs with edible fruits that exhibit relevant uses in traditional medicine. For instance, in Chinese or Japanese folk medicine, they are used to treat diarrhea, digestive problems, headache, burns, and skin diseases. A wide array of compounds isolated from different parts of Myrica and/or Morella species possess several biological activities, like anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and cardio-/neuro-/hepatoprotective activities, both in vitro and in vivo, with myricanol, myricitrin, quercitrin, and betulin being the most promising. There are still many other compounds isolated from both genera whose biological activities have not been evaluated, which represents an excellent opportunity to discover new applications for those compounds and valorize Morella/Myrica species.
Asunto(s)
Myrica/química , Myricaceae/química , Fitoquímicos/química , Animales , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
Chinese bayberry leaves proanthocyanidins (BLPs) belongs to the prodelphinidin category with potent EGCG unit, whose inhibition effect on α-amylase and their interaction were investigated by in vitro digestion and enzyme kinetic analysis, multi fluorescence spectroscopies (fluorescence quenching, synchronous fluorescence, and three-dimensional fluorescence), circular dichroism spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and in silico modelling. The results revealed that BLPs was a mixed inhibitor to α-amylase with the IC50 value of 3.075 ± 0.073 µg/mL. BLPs could lead to a static fluorescence quenching of α-amylase, mainly by means of interacting with amino acids (mainly Try and Tyr residues) in one site on α-amylase molecule under the action of hydrogen bonding and/or Van der Waals force. This interaction further induced the change of secondary conformational structure, functional group structure and hydrophobicity of α-amylase, thus resulting in lowering activity. Molecular docking simulated that this binding occurred in a cavity on the surface of the α-amylase molecule, and BLPs trimer showed a relatively high binding energy. The present study provided a new insight of BLPs as an α-amylase inhibitor, which could be considered in anti-diabetic therapy.
Asunto(s)
Myrica/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Proantocianidinas/uso terapéutico , alfa-Amilasas/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Proantocianidinas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Proanthocyanidins are sustainable materials with amphiphilic characteristic, network-forming capacity, and health benefits, which give them possibility as encapsulating biomaterials. We found that proanthocyanidins from Chinese bayberry leaves and grape seeds (BLPs and GSPs) were able to encapsulate oil to form spherical microcapsules of controlled size and architecture. Microcapsules encapsulated with BLPs and GSPs (BMs and GMs) exhibited different physical stability when subjected to environmental stresses. BMs showed higher physical stability to environmental stresses than GMs. The proanthocyanidin shell could protect ß-carotene from chemical degradation. Subsequently, varied gastrointestinal behaviors of the microcapsules were observed in simulated digestion. GMs with low stability reduced the lipid digestion and ß-carotene bioaccessibility. BMs with high stability retarded lipid digestion but did not change the amount of hydrolyzed lipids and ß-carotene bioaccessibility. Our study demonstrates that BLPs rather than GSPs can be used alone as encapsulating material for protection and targeted delivery of lipophilic bioactive compounds.
Asunto(s)
Portadores de Fármacos/química , Myrica/química , Aceites/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Proantocianidinas/química , Vitis/química , Disponibilidad Biológica , Cápsulas/química , Composición de Medicamentos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Tamaño de la PartículaRESUMEN
A physicochemically stable emulsion was developed by using a novel emulsifier, which was self-assembled colloidal complex of gelatin (GLT) and proanthocyanidins from Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb et Zucc.) leaves (BLPs), with epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) as structure units. The GLT-BLP colloidal complexes were spherically shaped by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The data of Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), circular dichroism (CD), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) revealed that the main binding force between GLT and BLPs of the colloidal complexes was hydrogen bond. The incorporation of BLPs to GLT provided GLT with stronger affinity at oil-water interface and thus enhanced the physical stability of GLT-stabilizing emulsion. In addition, the emulsions stabilized by the colloidal complexes showed higher oxidation stability than that stabilized by free GLT only. The novel emulsifier developed in this study have potential applications as functional emulsifiers in food-grade emulsions with high anti-oxidation activity.
Asunto(s)
Emulsionantes/química , Gelatina/química , Myrica/química , Proantocianidinas/química , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Catequina/química , Emulsionantes/aislamiento & purificación , Emulsiones/análisis , Frutas/química , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
Chinese bayberry leaf proanthocyanidins (BLPs) are Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) oligomers or polymers, which have a lot of health-promoting activity. The activity is closely related to their behavior during in vitro digestion, which remains unknown and hinders further investigations. To clarify the changes of BLPs during gastrointestinal digestion, further research is required. For in vitro digestion, including gastric-intestinal digestion, colon fermentation was applied. Caco-2 monolayer transportation was also applied to investigate the behavior of different BLPs with different degrees of polymerization. The trimers and the tetramers were significantly decreased during in vitro gastric-intestinal digestion resulting in a significant increase in the content of dimers. The dimers and trimers were the main compounds utilized by gut microbiota and they were assumed not to degrade through cleavage of the inflavan bond. The monomers and dimers were able to transport through the Caco-2 monolayer at a rate of 10.45% and 6.4%, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Biopolímeros/metabolismo , Ácido Gálico/análisis , Myrica/química , Proantocianidinas/metabolismo , Disponibilidad Biológica , Biopolímeros/análisis , Biopolímeros/química , Células CACO-2 , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Catequina/análisis , Catequina/química , Catequina/metabolismo , Digestión , Fermentación , Ácido Gálico/química , Ácido Gálico/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/enzimología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Técnicas In Vitro , Intestinos/enzimología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Polimerizacion , Proantocianidinas/análisis , Proantocianidinas/química , Saliva/enzimologíaRESUMEN
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is principal anthocyanin in Chinese bayberry wine and its degradation is main problem with respect to wine color. Effect of five organic acids existing in bayberry wine on C3G oxidation mediated by iron was investigated in model wine. Fe(II) oxidation was found to follow a decreasing order in oxalate > citrate > tartrate > malate model wine whereas it hardly occurred in succinate model wine. The C3G oxidation mediated by iron followed an increasing order in citrate > oxalate > succinate > malate > tartrate model wine. More degradation products were observed in succinate, malate and tartrate model wine than in citrate and oxalate model wine. C3G degradation mediated by Fe(III) was faster than that mediated by Fe(II) in oxalate, succinate, malate, and tartrate model wine, but not in citrate model wine. C3G oxidation mediated by iron is probably not main mechanism of anthocyanin degradation in bayberry wine.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas/metabolismo , Ácidos Dicarboxílicos/química , Glucósidos/metabolismo , Hierro/metabolismo , Myrica , Vino , Antocianinas/química , Color , Ácidos Dicarboxílicos/metabolismo , Glucósidos/química , Hierro/química , Malatos/química , Myrica/química , Myrica/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Ácido Succínico/química , Ácido Succínico/metabolismo , Tartratos/química , Vino/análisisRESUMEN
The study was aimed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant, α-amylase inhibitory and in vivo antidiabetic activities of Myrica salicifolia root extracts. The powdered roots of M. salicifolia were extracted with 80% methanol and then dried. The dried extract was further fractionated into chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions. The phytochemical screening of the crude extract was performed using standard chemical identification tests. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by in vitro method using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as radical scavenging reagent. The in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity was performed using the chromogenic3,5-dinitrosalicylic (DNSA) method. The antidiabetic activity of M. salicifolia root crude extract (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) and fractions (400 mg/kg) were evaluated in normal, glucose loaded hyperglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The crude root extract of M. salicifolia showed strong DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 4.54µg/ml) which was comparable with the standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid. In α-amylase inhibitory activity, the crude extract and butanol fraction showed highest enzyme inhibition. In the antidiabetic activity, daily administration of the crude extract, aqueous and butanol fractions for fifteen days showed highest significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level (BGL) compared to diabetic control in STZ-induced diabetic mice model. The root extract and fractions of M. salicifolia exhibited significant antihyperglycemic, α-amylase inhibitory and antioxidant activity with no sign of toxicity. The antidiabetic effect of the plant could be due to the synergistic effect of various classes of constituents present in the root part of the plant.