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Background: Diseases of the bovine digit and hoof remain major problems in dairy farming and the beef cow industry. Severe claudication accompanying swelling and pain at the lesion is often observed in deep digital sepsis, septic arthritis, severe sole ulcers, and chronic interdigital phlegmon. In addition, digital amputation is often performed in cases of white line disease or severe trauma, such as bone fractures. There are few reports of amputation of the medial digit of the bovine front hoof. In this case, amputation of the medial digit of the front leg of a pregnant cow was performed; its hospitalization and return to productivity is reported. Case: The bovine was a 9-year-old Holstein cow in the 6th month of pregnancy, weighing 671 kg. Upon admission, the cow could not bear weight on its right front leg, and swelling and a purulent discharge were observed in the coronary area of the medial digit. X-ray examination results indicated a periosteal reaction centered on the 3rd phalanx of the medial digit of its right front leg hoof and slight periosteal reactions at the adaxial sides of the middle and proximal phalanges, strongly suggestive of septic arthritis caused by infection. According to the X-ray examination results, no abnormalities of the lateral digit of the front right hoof were observed; thus, it was estimated that the post-amputation hoof would be able to bear weight. Therefore, a decision was made to perform immediate amputation of the medial digit of the right front leg hoof to reduce pain for improved delivery of the offspring and improved milk production during the lactation period, rather than allowing the lesion progress until the dry period or the expected date of delivery. According to the X-ray examination results, amputation of the 1st phalanx alone was expected to suffice for removal of the cause of the pain; thus, a decision was made to perform amputation at the edge adjacent to the 2nd phalanx. The right front medial digit was prepared for aseptic surgery, and infiltration anesthesia was performed. An incision was made with a surgical knife at the interdigit of the right front limb. A wire saw was inserted into the site to cut the 2nd phalanx in the anti-axial direction down to the skin to resect the lesion. White viscous pus was discharged at the resection site; therefore, the wound was lavaged with tap water and packed with povidone iodine-impregnated gauze. The wound was also covered with a diaper and dressed with non-elastic and elastic bandages. The dressing was changed daily to aid wound healing. No problems were observed in the standing-up motion or other relevant movements immediately after the surgery. Granulation tissue formed rapidly, approximately 2 weeks after the surgery, and the lesion dried gradually. Approximately one month after the surgery, the subject exhibited little difficulty in both standing up and walking. The subject successfully delivered its 7th offspring at the farm on postoperative day 93. Discussion: The animal of this study was a 9-year-old, pregnant cow, and although amputation of the front medial digit is a relatively rare procedure, the cow was able to deliver and return to production, owing to sufficient postoperative treatment and care. The case also demonstrated the advantage of X-ray examination in bovine hoof diseases for accurate diagnosis, precise operation, and prognostic assessment.

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Surgical pathology of the musculoskeletal system, and in particular the diseases of the limb distal segment in pigs are quite common. Their significant spread leads to economic losses due to culling, compulsory slaughter, short-received pig production and pig crop. The purpose of this work was to reveal clinical and morphological features of limb distal segment diseases in pigs and to study the possibility of preserving their health and productivity. The conservative treatment of purulonecrotic lesions in the deep structures of the limb distal segment in pigs is not promising. It is shown that the best way to treat a given pathology is amputation of a sick limb. The technique of carrying out exarticulation of talus shin consists in separation of soft tissues, capsule and ligaments, ligation of vessels, formation of stump. The postoperative recovery period of the animal body is 25 days.(AU)

A patologia cirúrgica do sistema musculoesquelético e, em particular, as doenças do segmento distal dos membros em suínos são bastante comuns. A sua propagação significativa leva a perdas econômicas devido ao abate seletivo, abate obrigatório, produção de suínos pouco recebida e colheita de suínos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revelar características clínicas e morfológicas das doenças do segmento distal de membros em suínos e estudar a possibilidade de preservar sua saúde e produtividade. O tratamento conservador das lesões purulonecróticas nas estruturas profundas do segmento distal do membro em porcos não é promissor. Fica estabelecido que a melhor forma de tratar uma determinada patologia é a amputação de um membro doente. A técnica de realizar a exarticulação da canela do talos consiste na separação dos tecidos moles, cápsula e ligamentos, ligadura dos vasos, formação do coto. O período de recuperação pós-operatória do corpo do animal é de 25 dias.(AU)

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Os coxins podem ser definidos como a porção mais resistente da pele de cães e gatos, e possuem as funções de sustentação do peso do animal, e a proteção contra as forças de tração e de atrito. As cirurgias que objetivam a reconstrução dos coxins são alternativas viáveis à amputação do membro em diversas situações clínicas. Dentre as opções cirúrgicas, destaca-se a transposição dos coxins. Entretanto, quando se faz necessária a amputação dos dígitos, o encurtamento do membro pode comprometer a deambulação. Uma alternativa neste sentido é a associação à órteses. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever o caso de um cão da raça pitbull, fêmea, com quatro anos de idade e histórico de gangrena úmida da extremidade do membro pélvico esquerdo, submetida à amputação dos dígitos e transposição dos coxins. Durante o período pós-operatório foi desenvolvida uma órtese articulada caseira a fim de facilitar a sustentação do peso e auxiliar na deambulação do animal. A paciente se adaptou ao dispositivo ortopédico e foi acompanhado até a completa reepitelização do membro residual aos 30 dias de pós-operatório. Desta forma, conclui-se que a transposição dos coxins associada à órtese articulada pode ser uma opção viável à amputação do membro pélvico em cães de grande porte.

The digital pad can be defined as the most resistant area of the skin of the dogs and cats, which functions includes animal weight support and protection against to tractive and frictional forces. The reconstructive surgeries of the digital pad are viable alternatives to the limb amputation in many clinical situations. Among the surgical options, the transposition of the digital pad is highlighted. However, when amputation of the digits is necessary, shortening of the limb can compromise ambulation. An alternative to this, it is the use of orthoses. The aim of this report was to describe the case of a four-years-old female pit bull with clinical history of wet gangrene of left pelvic limb, submitted to transposition of digital pad, obtained from the contralateral hindlimb. An articulate orthosis was projected at postoperative period in order to facilitate weight support and assist the patient ambulation. The patient has adapted itself to the new orthopedic device, and was constantly monitored until complete reepithelialization of the residual limb at 30 days of postoperative. Thus, it can be concluded that the transposition of digital pad associated to the articulate orthosis can be a viable option to the limb amputation in large breed dogs.

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Os coxins podem ser definidos como a porção mais resistente da pele de cães e gatos, e possuem as funções de sustentação do peso do animal, e a proteção contra as forças de tração e de atrito. As cirurgias que objetivam a reconstrução dos coxins são alternativas viáveis à amputação do membro em diversas situações clínicas. Dentre as opções cirúrgicas, destaca-se a transposição dos coxins. Entretanto, quando se faz necessária a amputação dos dígitos, o encurtamento do membro pode comprometer a deambulação. Uma alternativa neste sentido é a associação à órteses. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever o caso de um cão da raça pitbull, fêmea, com quatro anos de idade e histórico de gangrena úmida da extremidade do membro pélvico esquerdo, submetida à amputação dos dígitos e transposição dos coxins. Durante o período pós-operatório foi desenvolvida uma órtese articulada caseira a fim de facilitar a sustentação do peso e auxiliar na deambulação do animal. A paciente se adaptou ao dispositivo ortopédico e foi acompanhado até a completa reepitelização do membro residual aos 30 dias de pós-operatório. Desta forma, conclui-se que a transposição dos coxins associada à órtese articulada pode ser uma opção viável à amputação do membro pélvico em cães de grande porte.(AU)

The digital pad can be defined as the most resistant area of the skin of the dogs and cats, which functions includes animal weight support and protection against to tractive and frictional forces. The reconstructive surgeries of the digital pad are viable alternatives to the limb amputation in many clinical situations. Among the surgical options, the transposition of the digital pad is highlighted. However, when amputation of the digits is necessary, shortening of the limb can compromise ambulation. An alternative to this, it is the use of orthoses. The aim of this report was to describe the case of a four-years-old female pit bull with clinical history of wet gangrene of left pelvic limb, submitted to transposition of digital pad, obtained from the contralateral hindlimb. An articulate orthosis was projected at postoperative period in order to facilitate weight support and assist the patient ambulation. The patient has adapted itself to the new orthopedic device, and was constantly monitored until complete reepithelialization of the residual limb at 30 days of postoperative. Thus, it can be concluded that the transposition of digital pad associated to the articulate orthosis can be a viable option to the limb amputation in large breed dogs.(AU)

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Background: Locoregional anesthesia techniques enable the performance of procedures in the distal portion of the limbs,through the parenteral administration of local anesthetic nerve block. There are devices that can increase the effectivenessof these blocks by accurately locating the nerves. These devices include peripheral nerve stimulators, which enable anesthetic to be injected near the plexus, thus reducing the volume of anesthetic required and allowing for the specific blockadeof a nerve branch by desensitizing exclusively the area of interest. This paper describes the use of nerve stimulator in thebrachial plexus block (BPB) of a calf subjected to amputation of the left foreleg.Case: A newborn calf weighing 30 kg, with a history of injury to the left foreleg, was treated at the Veterinary Hospital ofthe Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region. Clinical and X-ray examinations revealed a fracture in the medialportion of the metacarpus and radiographic alterations indicative of osteomyelitis, so amputation of the affected limb wasrecommended. Prior the beginning, during and after the surgical procedure, the animal was submitted to the evaluation ofits physiological parameters (heart and respiratory rate, capillary refill time, diastolic, systolic and mean blood pressure andrectal temperature). Because it is a newborn animal, it was decided not to pre-operatively fast. After applying preanestheticmedication (xylazine 0.01 mg/kg IV), anesthesia was induced with ketamine (2 mg/kg IV) and midazolam (0.3 mg/kg IV)and maintained with isoflurane. For the brachial plexus block, 0.4 mL/kg (1.5 mg/kg) of 0.375% bupivacaine was usedand aided by a peripheral nerve stimulator to generate 10 mA current, 1 HZ frequency and 100 μs pulse duration, coupledto a nerve stimulation needle, it was possible to observe flexion movements...(AU)

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Background: Locoregional anesthesia techniques enable the performance of procedures in the distal portion of the limbs,through the parenteral administration of local anesthetic nerve block. There are devices that can increase the effectivenessof these blocks by accurately locating the nerves. These devices include peripheral nerve stimulators, which enable anesthetic to be injected near the plexus, thus reducing the volume of anesthetic required and allowing for the specific blockadeof a nerve branch by desensitizing exclusively the area of interest. This paper describes the use of nerve stimulator in thebrachial plexus block (BPB) of a calf subjected to amputation of the left foreleg.Case: A newborn calf weighing 30 kg, with a history of injury to the left foreleg, was treated at the Veterinary Hospital ofthe Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region. Clinical and X-ray examinations revealed a fracture in the medialportion of the metacarpus and radiographic alterations indicative of osteomyelitis, so amputation of the affected limb wasrecommended. Prior the beginning, during and after the surgical procedure, the animal was submitted to the evaluation ofits physiological parameters (heart and respiratory rate, capillary refill time, diastolic, systolic and mean blood pressure andrectal temperature). Because it is a newborn animal, it was decided not to pre-operatively fast. After applying preanestheticmedication (xylazine 0.01 mg/kg IV), anesthesia was induced with ketamine (2 mg/kg IV) and midazolam (0.3 mg/kg IV)and maintained with isoflurane. For the brachial plexus block, 0.4 mL/kg (1.5 mg/kg) of 0.375% bupivacaine was usedand aided by a peripheral nerve stimulator to generate 10 mA current, 1 HZ frequency and 100 μs pulse duration, coupledto a nerve stimulation needle, it was possible to observe flexion movements...

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Hypertrophic osteopathy is commonly associated with primary lung neoplasms. It may also be secondary to intrathoracic lesions such as pulmonary metastasis, granulomatous pleurisy and chronic pneumonia, among others. It is characterized by progressive proliferation of sub periosteal bone tissue in limb bones. Clinically, patient usually exhibits lameness. It is a rare disease most frequently observed in dogs among domestic animals. A case of a dog with pulmonary hypertrophic osteopathy associated with pulmonary metastases coming from an appendicular periosteal osteosarcoma is reported.(AU)

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Hypertrophic osteopathy is commonly associated with primary lung neoplasms. It may also be secondary to intrathoracic lesions such as pulmonary metastasis, granulomatous pleurisy and chronic pneumonia, among others. It is characterized by progressive proliferation of sub periosteal bone tissue in limb bones. Clinically, patient usually exhibits lameness. It is a rare disease most frequently observed in dogs among domestic animals. A case of a dog with pulmonary hypertrophic osteopathy associated with pulmonary metastases coming from an appendicular periosteal osteosarcoma is reported.

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