RESUMEN
The goal is to provide foundational data that could spearhead more extensive, prospective research into understanding the influences of micronutrient levels on the nocturnal patterns of hypertension, possibly aiding in identifying potential therapeutic strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk in this demographic. The research employed a retrospective design to analyze the micronutrient levels, including ferritin, folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin D, in a limited sample size from a single hospital. However, it is worth noting that the study did not scrutinize other potentially relevant micronutrients and biomarkers and lacked information on potential confounding factors such as lifestyle and dietary habits, physical activity levels, and specific details on antihypertensive medications used. The preliminary findings highlight a significant difference in ferritin levels between dipper and non-dipper groups, indicating a potential role in the development of non-dipper hypertension. Surprisingly, no notable difference was observed in vitamin D levels between the groups. The study underscores the increasing prevalence of hypertension and micronutrient deficiencies as age progresses. Despite its limitations, including limited sample size and potential influences from unaccounted variables, the study hints at a potential relationship between micronutrient levels and non-dipper hypertension. It emphasizes the necessity for larger scale, prospective research to delve deeper into the nature of this relationship, potentially fostering new therapeutic approaches in cardiovascular risk management within the elderly population.
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Hipertensión , Micronutrientes , Vitamina D , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Micronutrientes/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , Vitamina D/sangre , Ácido Fólico/sangre , Ferritinas/sangre , Vitamina B 12/sangre , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease with unknown etiology. Poor dietary intake with nutritional deficiency and overweight have been described to increase the risk of IBS. The aim of the present study was to compare weight and circulating levels of micronutrients in IBS compared with healthy controls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with IBS and healthy volunteers were recruited. Participants had to complete a dietary diary book and the questionnaires Rome IV, IBS-severity scoring system (IBS-SSS), and visual analog scale for IBS (VAS-IBS). Weight and height were measured, and blood samples were drawn. C-reactive protein (CRP), cobalamin, folate, iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and 25-hydroxy (25-OH) vitamin D were analyzed. Differences were calculated between groups and generalized linear model for regressions was adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR). RESULTS: IBS patients (n = 260) were elder than controls (n = 50) (44.00 (33.25-56.00) vs. 37.85 (30.18-45.48) years; p = 0.012). After adjustment for age, both weight (ß: 5.880; 95% CI: 1.433-10.327; p = 0.010, FDR = 0.020) and body mass index (BMI) (ß: 2.02; 95% CI: 0.68-3.36; p = 0.003, FDR = 0.012) were higher in patients. Among IBS participants, 48.1% were overweight/obese compared with 26.0% in controls (p = 0.007). Diarrhea-predominated IBS had highest weight (p < 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.077). CRP and cobalamin were higher in patients than controls (p = 0.010 vs. p = 0.007), whereas folate was highest in controls (p = 0.001). IBS patients had lower intake of vegetables (p = 0.026), dairy products (p = 0.004), and cereals (p = 0.010) compared with controls. Despite 21.5% of IBS patients were taking vitamin D supplements, 23.65% of them had vitamin D levels below 50 nmol/L, compared with 26.0% observed in the control group (p = 0.720). Vitamin D levels were lower in overweight than in normal weight IBS patients (60 (48-73) nmol/L vs. 65 (53-78) nmol/L, p = 0.022). Vitamin D correlated with cobalamin and folate but correlated inversely with TIBC and BMI. IBS patients had a high degree of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, which were inversely associated with iron levels. Extraintestinal symptoms were associated with increased BMI. CONCLUSION: IBS patients were often overweight or obese, with low vitamin D levels. High burden of extraintestinal symptoms were associated with overweight and lower iron levels. REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05192603 (Date of registration 11/29/2021) and NCT03306381 (Date of registration 09/18/2017), respectively.
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Síndrome del Colon Irritable , Sobrepeso , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Humanos , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/sangre , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/etiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Sobrepeso/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Índice de Masa Corporal , Micronutrientes/deficiencia , Micronutrientes/sangreRESUMEN
Background: Micronutrients play pivotal roles in modulating various aspects of the immune response. However, the existing literature on the association between micronutrients and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) remains limited and contentious. To address this gap, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate potential links between genetically predicted concentrations of six micronutrients (Copper (Cu), Iron (Ir), Calcium (Ca), Vitamin D (VD), Vitamin C (VC), Zinc (Zn)) and the risk of AIT. Method: Utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European descent, we employed MR methodologies to elucidate the interplay between micronutrients and AIT. Three distinct MR techniques were employed: Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and Weighted Median Estimator (WME). Additionally, we evaluated outcome heterogeneity using Cochran's Q statistic and assessed pleiotropy using the MR-Egger intercept. Result: IVW analysis revealed no substantial evidence supporting a significant impact of genetically predicted micronutrient concentrations on AIT risk (Cu: OR = 0.918, P = 0.875; Ir: OR = 0.653, P = 0.264; Ca: OR = 0.964, P = 0.906; VD: OR = 0.717, P = 0.378; VC: OR = 0.986, P = 0.875; Zn: OR = 0.789, P = 0.539). Cochran's Q test for IVW indicated no notable heterogeneity. Moreover, the MR-Egger intercept method suggested the presence of horizontal pleiotropy between serum VC levels and AIT (MR-Egger intercept = -0.037, p = 0.026), while no such pleiotropy was observed for other micronutrients. Conclusion: Our MR analysis does not support a causal relationship between genetically predicted concentrations of six micronutrients (Cu, Ir, Ca, VD, VC, and Zn) and the risk of AIT.
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Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Micronutrientes , Tiroiditis Autoinmune , Humanos , Micronutrientes/sangre , Tiroiditis Autoinmune/genética , Tiroiditis Autoinmune/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Zinc/sangreRESUMEN
A phenylalanine-restricted diet, supplemented with protein substitutes (PSs), remains the cornerstone of phenylketonuria (PKU) management. However, adherence is challenging in adulthood, and data on the nutritional status of early and continuously treated adults with PKU (ETAwPKU) are scarce. A total of 34 ETAwPKU (16 females; mean ± SD, age: 28 ± 9 years, phenylalanine concentration: 847 ± 285 µmol/L) and 34 age- and sex-matched control subjects were compared regarding their blood nutrient status, self-reported dietary intake, and cognitive wellbeing. Though diet adherence varied, all ETAwPKU were taking a PS. No significant differences were found for blood DHA, calcium, ferritin, transferrin, and zinc concentrations. However, selenium and ubiquinone concentrations were 16% and 29% lower in ETAwPKU, respectively (p < 0.01 and <0.0001). Vitamin concentrations (D, B12, B6, and folic acid) were significantly higher in ETAwPKU except for alpha-tocopherol. Amino acid (AA) concentrations differed between ETAwPKU and controls: they were significantly lower for 12 AAs and higher for phenylalanine and glycine. ETAwPKU had a significantly higher intake of most minerals and vitamins, except for niacin and phosphorus (no difference). Depending on the nutrient, PSs represented 52-100% of patients' daily intake and 19% of total daily energy intake. Compared with controls, ETAwPKU scored significantly lower in three of the four subscales of the cognitive wellbeing questionnaire. Overall, the blood DHA and micronutrient status of ETAwPKU was adequate, except for selenium, with higher intakes than controls for most micronutrients. Patients relied heavily on PSs to meet the recommended intakes for protein, DHA, and micronutrients. The potential clinical impact of differences found in AA status should be further studied.
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Estado Nutricional , Fenilalanina , Fenilcetonurias , Humanos , Fenilcetonurias/sangre , Fenilcetonurias/dietoterapia , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Fenilalanina/sangre , Fenilalanina/administración & dosificación , Adulto Joven , Suplementos Dietéticos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Aminoácidos/sangre , Cognición , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Vitaminas/sangre , Micronutrientes/administración & dosificación , Micronutrientes/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis involves lipid secretion by sebaceous glands, Malassezia colonization, and an inflammatory response with skin barrier disruption. Each of these pathways could be modulated by diet, obesity, and nutritional supplements. Current treatment options provide only temporary control of the condition; thus, it is essential to recognize modifiable lifestyle factors that may play a role in determining disease severity. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to summarize published evidence on diet, nutritional supplements, alcohol, obesity, and micronutrients in patients with seborrheic dermatitis and to provide useful insights into areas of further research. METHODS: A literature search of Scopus, PubMed, and MEDLINE (Ovid interface) for English language papers published between 1993 and 2023 was conducted on April 16, 2023. Case-control studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials with 5 or more subjects conducted on adult participants (>14 years) were included, case reports, case series, and review papers were excluded due to insufficient level of evidence. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies, 8 case-control, 3 cross-sectional, and 2 randomized controlled trials, involving 13,906 patients were included. Seborrheic dermatitis was correlated with significantly increased copper, manganese, iron, calcium, and magnesium concentrations and significantly lower serum zinc and vitamin D and E concentrations. Adherence to the Western diet was associated with a higher risk for seborrheic dermatitis in female patients and an increased consumption of fruit was associated with a lower risk of seborrheic dermatitis in all patients. The prebiotic Triphala improved patient satisfaction and decreased scalp sebum levels over 8 weeks. Most studies find associations between regular alcohol use and seborrheic dermatitis, but the association between BMI and obesity on seborrheic dermatitis severity and prevalence is mixed. CONCLUSIONS: This review sheds light on specific promising areas of research that require further study, including the need for interventional studies evaluating serum zinc, vitamin D, and vitamin E supplementation for seborrheic dermatitis. The negative consequences of a Western diet, alcohol use, obesity, and the benefits of fruit consumption are well known; however, to fully understand their specific relationships to seborrheic dermatitis, further cohort or interventional studies are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42023417768; https://tinyurl.com/bdcta893.
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Dermatitis Seborreica , Suplementos Dietéticos , Obesidad , Humanos , Dermatitis Seborreica/epidemiología , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Estado Nutricional , Dieta , Micronutrientes/sangre , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Facial aging involves a continuous sequence of complex, interrelated events that impact numerous facial tissues. The aim of the study was to elucidate the casual relationship between circulating micronutrients and risk of facial aging. A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed using genetic data from genome-wide association studies. The inverse-variance weighted method is used for causal effect estimation, and additional tools such as Mendelian randomization-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were used to refine the analysis. We conducted an in-depth examination of the correlation between several micronutrient blood levels and the risk of facial aging, and identified 3 key micronutrients (selenium, carotene, and iron) that may have a significant impact on skin health. Inverse-variance weighted results indicate that selenium levels were positively correlated with the risk of facial aging (odds ratio [OR] 1.005, Pâ =â .027), while a negative causal effect of carotene (OR 0.979, Pâ =â .024) and iron (OR 0.976, Pâ =â .009) on age-related facial alterations was observed. This study offers a new and insightful perspective on the current understanding of antiaging strategies, particularly the importance of appropriate consumption of essential micronutrients to maintain healthy skin condition.
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Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Micronutrientes , Selenio , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Humanos , Micronutrientes/sangre , Envejecimiento de la Piel/genética , Selenio/sangre , Cara , Carotenoides/sangre , Hierro/sangre , Envejecimiento/sangre , Envejecimiento/genética , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pressure ulcer (PU) is known to be associated with abnormalities of micronutrient status. However, to date, it is not clear whether a causal relationship exists between circulating levels of micronutrients and their supplementations and PU. METHODS: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using summary statistics from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Genetic instrumental variables (IVs) for 13 micronutrients were identified from a GWAS of 67 582 participants, IVs for supplement zinc were acquired from 18 826 cases and 44 255 880 controls, and IVs for PU were obtained from 663 PUs and 207 482 controls. The MR analysis was conducted using the MR base platform. The main analysis method was inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis, supplemented by MR Egger, Weighted median, Weighted mode, and Simple mode analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic for MR-IVW and Rucker's Q statistic for MR-Egger. Pleiotropy was determined by the MR-Egger regression. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots. RESULTS: Genetically predicted lower circulating zinc levels were found to be causally linked to the development of PU (OR = 0.758, 95%CI 0.583-0.987, P = 0.040). However, there was no significant evidence of a causal relationship between supplemental zinc intake and PU development (P > 0.05). Additionally, no causal association was observed between the other circulating micronutrients and the occurrence of PU. Furthermore, there was no indication of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity among genetic variants (P > 0.05), and the robustness of the findings was confirmed through leave-one-out tests and funnel plots. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate a potential causal association between circulating zinc levels and decreased risk of PU. However, zinc supplementation did not demonstrate a significant reduction in the risk of PU. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which zinc influences the pathogenesis of PU and evaluate the efficacy of zinc supplementation in the prevention and management of PU.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Micronutrientes , Úlcera por Presión , Zinc , Humanos , Úlcera por Presión/genética , Úlcera por Presión/sangre , Úlcera por Presión/epidemiología , Micronutrientes/sangre , Zinc/sangre , Zinc/deficiencia , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies associated with malnutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can lead to complications including anemia, coagulopathy, poor wound healing, and colorectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate micronutrient deficiencies (copper, vitamins A, B 9 , E, and K) in IBD patients and highlight associated symptoms to aid in the recognition of micronutrient deficiencies. METHODS: A retrospective electronic chart review was performed on adults diagnosed with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis hospitalized at a tertiary care center for IBD flare between January 2013 and June 2017. Patients with serum or whole blood micronutrient levels were included. Pregnant and incarcerated patients were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 611 IBD patients (440 Crohn's disease, 171 ulcerative colitis) met the inclusion criteria. Micronutrients were assessed in a subset of IBD patients (copper: 12.3%, A: 10.1%, B 9 â :â 95.9%, E: 10.3%, and K: 4.6%). Overall, 10.1% of patients had micronutrient deficiencies. The proportion of patients with copper, A, B 9 , E, and K deficiencies were 25.4, 53.3, 1.9, 23.7, and 29.4% for Crohn's disease and 50, 52.9, 1.2, 43.8, and 18.2% for ulcerative colitis, respectively. The most common symptoms or historical features associated with micronutrient deficiency were anemia (copper, B 9 ), muscle weakness (copper, E) thrombocytopenia, fatigue (copper, B 9 ), diarrhea (B 9 ), dry skin, hyperkeratosis, pruritus, significant weight loss, elevated C-reactive protein (A), bleeding, and osteoporosis (K). CONCLUSION: Micronutrient deficiencies are common in IBD patients, yet they are not routinely assessed. Copper, vitamins A, E, and K deficiencies are particularly underrecognized. Associated historical features should raise suspicion and prompt assessment and treatment.
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Colitis Ulcerosa , Cobre , Enfermedad de Crohn , Micronutrientes , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Micronutrientes/deficiencia , Micronutrientes/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad de Crohn/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Crohn/sangre , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Crohn/diagnóstico , Colitis Ulcerosa/epidemiología , Colitis Ulcerosa/diagnóstico , Colitis Ulcerosa/complicaciones , Colitis Ulcerosa/sangre , Cobre/deficiencia , Cobre/sangre , Incidencia , Deficiencia de Vitamina A/epidemiología , Deficiencia de Vitamina A/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Vitamina A/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina A/diagnóstico , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/epidemiología , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/diagnóstico , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Desnutrición/diagnóstico , Desnutrición/sangre , Vitamina E/sangre , Vitamina A/sangre , Anciano , Estado Nutricional , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The logistics of timely processing of blood specimens remains a barrier in population health studies to the generation of micronutrient status data. OBJECTIVES: To test a blood specimen processing protocol that includes overnight postage with cooling and its effect on nutritional biomarker concentrations. METHODS: This study was embedded within the United Kingdom National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Paired specimens were collected from 64 participants (16 y+). One set of specimens were processed within 2 h of collection ["field"] and paired samples were mailed in an insulated box with cold packs using an overnight postal service to a central laboratory ["postal"]. Specimen processing protocols were aligned across field sites and the central laboratory. Specimens were frozen and later analyzed using established methods for vitamins, minerals, lipids, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Percent difference was calculated between protocols and compared with quality specifications determined from intra- and interindividual variation. RESULTS: In the postal protocol, ferritin [geometric mean percent difference (95% confidence interval)] [6% (3, 8)] (P = 0.002) and zinc [4% (1, 6)] (P = 0.004) were higher compared with the field protocol. Retinol [-3% (-4, -1)] (P < 0.0001) and selenium [-3% (-5, -1)] (P = 0.003) concentrations were lower in the postal protocol, whereas total [2% (1, 3)] and HDL [4% (2, 5)] cholesterol were higher (P < 0.0001) than in the field protocol. Percent differences were within the optimum quality specification for the majority of biomarkers, but ferritin, zinc, and selenium fell outside of the optimum limits. Higher ferritin concentration in the postal protocol led to a decrease in the proportion of specimens with ferritin concentration <15 µg/L from 13% to 9%. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of micronutrient biomarkers, serum lipids, and CRP were minimally affected by delayed processing when cooled. The study suggests acceptable stability of nutritional biomarkers within the described protocol, which can provide accurate data for nutritional biomarkers commonly measured in studies and surveys.
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Biomarcadores , Proteína C-Reactiva , Ferritinas , Humanos , Reino Unido , Biomarcadores/sangre , Ferritinas/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas Nutricionales , Recolección de Muestras de Sangre/métodos , Micronutrientes/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Estado Nutricional , Anciano , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
We previously reported that a combined myo-inositol, probiotics, and enriched micronutrient supplement (intervention) taken preconception and in pregnancy reduced postpartum blood loss (PBL) and major postpartum hemorrhage compared with a standard micronutrient supplement (control), as secondary outcomes of the NiPPeR trial. This study aimed to identify the intervention components that may contribute to this effect. Associations of plasma concentrations of myo-inositol and vitamins B2, B6, B12, and D at preconception (before and after supplementation), early (~7-weeks), and late pregnancy (~28-weeks) with PBL were assessed by multiple linear regression, adjusting for site, ethnicity, preconception BMI, parity, and previous cesarean section. Amongst 583 women, a higher concentration of myo-inositol in early pregnancy was associated with a PBL reduction [ßadj -1.26 (95%CI -2.23, -0.29) mL per µmol/L myo-inositol increase, p = 0.011]. Applying this co-efficient to the increase in mean 7-week-myo-inositol concentration of 23.4 µmol/L with the intervention equated to a PBL reduction of 29.5 mL (~8.4% of mean PBL of 350 mL among controls), accounting for 84.3% of the previously reported intervention effect of 35 mL. None of the examined vitamins were associated with PBL. Therefore, myo-inositol may be a key intervention component mediating the PBL reduction. Further work is required to determine the mechanisms involved.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Inositol , Hemorragia Posparto , Humanos , Femenino , Inositol/sangre , Inositol/administración & dosificación , Embarazo , Adulto , Hemorragia Posparto/sangre , Hemorragia Posparto/prevención & control , Micronutrientes/sangre , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Periodo Posparto/sangreRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the causal relationships between serum micronutrients and site-specific osteoarthritis (OA) using Mendelian Randomization (MR). METHODS: This study performed a two-sample MR analysis to explore causal links between 21 micronutrients and 11 OA outcomes. These outcomes encompass overall OA, seven site-specific manifestations, and three joint replacement subtypes. Sensitivity analyses using MR methods, such as the weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO, assessed potential horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Genome-wide association summary statistical data were utilized for both exposure and outcome data, including up to 826,690 participants with 177,517 OA cases. All data was sourced from Genome-wide association studies datasets from 2009 to 2023. RESULTS: In the analysis of associations between 21 micronutrients and 11 OA outcomes, 15 showed Bonferroni-corrected significance (P < 0.000216), without significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Key findings include strong links between gamma-tocopherol and spine OA (OR = 1.70), and folate with hand OA in finger joints (OR = 1.15). For joint replacements, calcium showed a notable association with a reduced likelihood of total knee replacement (TKR) (OR = 0.52) and total joint replacement (TJR) (OR = 0.56). Serum iron was significantly associated with an increased risk of total hip replacement (THR) (OR = 1.23), while folate indicated a protective effect (OR = 0.95). Various sex-specific associations were also uncovered. CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the critical role of micronutrients in osteoarthritis, providing valuable insights for preventive care and potential enhancement of treatment outcomes.
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Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Micronutrientes , Osteoartritis , Humanos , Micronutrientes/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , CausalidadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder that has been defined by hyperglycemia. Diabetic patients usually have high levels of oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation of blood vessels are associated with a greater need for micronutrients in diabetic patients. These micronutrients may have an association with the complications in diabetics. The purpose of this study was to show the association of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) with levels of micronutrients such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and vitamin B12 (Vit B12). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut. A total of 130 randomly selected cases of confirmed type-2 diabetic patients were included in this study. DPN cases were identified using the Michigan neuropathy screening instrument. Out of 130 diabetic patients, 28 patients were found to have diabetic neuropathy. The level of various micronutrients was assessed and correlated with the development of DPN. RESULTS: The association of DPN with Zn (p-value of 0.02) and Vit B12 (p-value of 0.008) was found to be significant, whereas Cu (p-value of 0.57) and Mg (p-value of 0.24) were found to be insignificant.
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Cobre , Neuropatías Diabéticas , Micronutrientes , Zinc , Humanos , Neuropatías Diabéticas/etiología , Neuropatías Diabéticas/sangre , Neuropatías Diabéticas/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Micronutrientes/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Femenino , Zinc/sangre , Cobre/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Magnesio/sangre , Vitamina B 12/sangre , Anciano , AdultoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Previous epidemiological and experimental studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the influence of human micronutrient levels on the risk of colorectal polyps (CP). In our study, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) investigation to probe the link between 13 human micronutrients (calcium, selenium, magnesium, phosphorus, folate, vitamins B-6, B-12, C, D, beta-carotene, iron, zinc, and copper) and the genetic susceptibility to CP. METHODS: Summary statistics for CP (n = 463,010) were obtained from pan-European genome-wide association studies, and instrumental variables for 13 micronutrients were screened from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). After selecting suitable instrumental variables, we performed a two-sample MR study, deploying sensitivity analyses to judge heterogeneity and pleiotropy, using inverse variance weighted methods as our primary estimation tool. RESULTS: Our study identified that a genetic predisposition to elevated toenail and circulating selenium or serum ß-carotene concentrations lowers the risk of CP occurrence. However, no statistically significant association was observed between the other 11 micronutrients and the risk of CP. CONCLUSION: The study findings provide evidence that the micronutrient selenium and ß-carotene may confer protective effects against the development of CP.
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Pólipos del Colon , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Micronutrientes , Selenio , Humanos , Micronutrientes/sangre , Selenio/sangre , Pólipos del Colon/genética , Pólipos del Colon/sangre , beta Caroteno/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/sangre , Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Micronutrients (MN), i.e. trace elements and vitamins, are essential components of the diet in relatively small amounts in any form of nutrition, with special needs in critically ill patients. Critical illness is characterised by the presence of inflammation and oxidative stress. MNs are tightly involved in antioxidant and immune defences. In addition, some conditions, and treatments result in large losses of biological fluids containing MNs: therefore, acute renal injury requiring renal replacement therapy, acute intestinal failure, and major burns and trauma are at high risk of acute depletion of body stores, and of deficiency. MN requirements are increased above standard DRI. Blood level interpretation is complicated by inflammation: some biomarkers assist the status determination. Due to the acute challenges of critical illness, it of utmost importance to cover the needs to maintain the organism's endogenous immune and antioxidant defences, and capacity to repair tissues. Practical strategies are proposed.
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Enfermedad Crítica , Micronutrientes , Estrés Oxidativo , Humanos , Micronutrientes/sangre , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Enfermedad Aguda , Necesidades Nutricionales , Oligoelementos/sangre , Inflamación , Estado Nutricional , Vitaminas/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangreRESUMEN
This study examined overall and sex-specific associations of serum lipid-soluble micronutrients including α- and γ-tocopherols, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), retinol, and six major carotenoids with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic lever disease (MASLD) using the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This analysis included 3956 adults (1991 men, 1965 women) aged ≥ 20 years. Steatotic liver disease was determined through transient elastography examination. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for MASLD associated with micronutrients were estimated using logistic regressions. Higher serum α-tocopherol (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.05-2.22, p = 0.03) and γ-tocopherol (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR = 4.15, 95% CI = 3.00-5.74, p < 0.0001) levels were associated with increased odds of MASLD. Higher serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with reduced odds of MASLD (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.27-0.61, p = 0.0001). Inverse associations with the condition were also observed for carotenoids (α-carotene, ß-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin, ß-cryptoxanthin, combined lutein and zeaxanthin, and lycopene) in the serum (Ps < 0.05). The results were comparable between men and women, except for those on α-tocopherol, for which a positive association was only observed for men (p = 0.01). Our results suggest potential protective associations of serum 25(OH)D and carotenoids with MASLD. The positive associations between tocopherols and MASLD may reflect pathophysiological conditions associated with the condition.
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Carotenoides , Micronutrientes , Encuestas Nutricionales , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Micronutrientes/sangre , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carotenoides/sangre , Vitamina A/sangre , Vitamina D/sangre , Factores Sexuales , alfa-Tocoferol/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Hígado Graso/sangre , Hígado Graso/epidemiología , Adulto Joven , Lípidos/sangre , gamma-Tocoferol/sangre , Oportunidad Relativa , AncianoRESUMEN
This randomized controlled clinical study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a nutrition intervention program for non-pregnant female workers in Vietnam. A total of 500 female workers were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. Participants in the intervention group were provided nutrition education, personalized specific dietary, and received oral nutrition supplements (ONS)-which contained multi-minerals and vitamins according to recommendations for adults for a duration of 12 wk, while participants in the control group received only nutrition education. The result shows the percentage of malnutrition by BMI in the control group rose from 15.6% to 21.3% after 12 wk; the figure for counterpart experienced a remain unchanged (p<0.05). Additionally, the mean of serum zinc in the intervention group significantly increased from 49.0±21.2 µg/dL to 53.6±19.5 µg/dL after 12 wk. Moreover, the intervention group demonstrated significant increases in serum iron and total serum calcium levels (p<0.05), with from 13.9±5.6 µmol/L to 15.3±5.8 µmol/L, and from 2.36±0.15 mmol/L to 2.4±0.09 mmol/L, respectively. The participants of the intervention group were more likely to have higher total serum calcium (Coef=0.04, p<0.05), serum iron (Coef=1.99, p<0.05), and serum zinc (Coef=18.9, p<0.05), which presents a reduce micronutrient deficiency. In conclusion, workplace nutrition interventions effectively mitigate micronutrient deficiencies and improve the nutritional status of female workers.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Desnutrición , Micronutrientes , Estado Nutricional , Lugar de Trabajo , Zinc , Humanos , Femenino , Vietnam , Micronutrientes/deficiencia , Micronutrientes/administración & dosificación , Micronutrientes/sangre , Adulto , Zinc/deficiencia , Zinc/sangre , Zinc/administración & dosificación , Desnutrición/prevención & control , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Hierro/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calcio/sangre , Calcio/deficiencia , Índice de Masa Corporal , Dieta/métodos , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Vitaminas/sangre , Educación en Salud/métodosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of nutrient intake assessment with the food group-based algorithm "Calculator of Inadequate Micronutrient Intake" (CIMI) in comparison to the established nutrition software NutriSurvey. Using Food Frequency Questionnaires and 24-h dietary recalls of 1010 women from two rural districts in Tanzania, 23 relevant typical Tanzanian food groups were identified and subsequently the dietary protocols assessed via CIMI algorithm were compared by bivariate correlations and Bland-Altman analysis with the results of the NutriSurvey software (reference) and were set in relation to blood biomarkers of 666 participants. CIMI and NutriSurvey calculations regarding macro- and micronutrient intakes were similar. The Bland-Altman analyses and correlation coefficients of energy (0.931), protein (0.898), iron (0.775) and zinc (0.838) confirm the agreement of both calculations. The food group based CIMI algorithm is a practical tool to identify the inadequacy of macro- and micronutrient intake at population level.
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Algoritmos , Dieta , Micronutrientes , Evaluación Nutricional , Población Rural , Humanos , Femenino , Tanzanía , Adulto , Micronutrientes/administración & dosificación , Micronutrientes/sangre , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ingestión de Energía , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Nutrientes/análisis , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Moderate-to-late preterm infants (32-34 weeks GA) have increased risk of neonatal morbidities compared to term infants, however dedicated nutritional guidelines are lacking. METHODS: Moderate-to-late preterm infants received a preterm formula (n = 17) or breastmilk (n = 24) from age 2-10 weeks in a non-randomized, open-label observational study. Anthropometric measurements were assessed bi-weekly. Blood concentrations of hemoglobin, ferritin, serum retinol, and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) were analyzed at age 2 and 10 weeks. RESULT: Average growth per day was 14.7 g/kg BW/day in formula-fed and 12.8 g/kg BW/day in breastmilk-fed infants but not different from each other. Length and head circumference in both groups were in line with the median reference values of the Fenton growth chart. At 10 weeks of age, hemoglobin tended to be higher in the formula-fed group (10.2 g/dL vs. 9.6 g/dL, p = 0.053). 25OHD increased in formula- and breastmilk-fed infants from 73.8 to 180.9 nmol/L and from 70.7 to 97.6 nmol/L, respectively. Serum retinol only increased in the formula-fed group (0.63 to 1.02 µmol/L, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding resulted in adequate growth in moderate-late preterm infants but was limiting in some micronutrients. The preterm formula provided adequate micronutrients, but weight gain velocity was higher than the Fenton reference value. IMPACT STATEMENT: Unfortified breastmilk resulted in adequate growth in weight, length and head circumference in Nigerian moderate to late preterm infants during an study period of 8 weeks, but status of vitamin D, vitamin A and iron needs to be monitored. The high-energy formula, developed for very preterm infants, resulted in higher growth in body weight in moderate to late preterm infants than the median of the Fenton preterm growth chart. This study supports the necessity of dedicated nutritional guidelines, and regular monitoring of growth and nutritional status of moderate to late preterm infants.
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Fórmulas Infantiles , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Micronutrientes , Leche Humana , Estado Nutricional , Vitamina D , Humanos , Leche Humana/química , Recien Nacido Prematuro/sangre , Recién Nacido , Micronutrientes/sangre , Femenino , Nigeria , Masculino , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina A/sangre , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , Lactante , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Edad Gestacional , Lactancia Materna , Ferritinas/sangre , Desarrollo InfantilRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Epidemiological studies examining the association between circulating micronutrients and the risk of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (HDP) have produced inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the potential causal relationship between micronutrients and HDP. METHODS: Nine micronutrients (beta-carotene, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, calcium, zinc, selenium, copper, folate, and phosphorus) were selected as the exposure factors. Summary data for gestational hypertension (14,727 cases and 196,143 controls) and preeclampsia/eclampsia (7212 cases and 174,266 controls) were extracted from the FinnGen consortium. The MR analysis employed the inverse variance weighted method and conducted a range of sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: The inverse variance weighted method indicated no significant causal relationship between nine genetically predicted micronutrient concentrations and gestational hypertension, as well as preeclampsia/eclampsia. Sensitivity analyses suggested the absence of pleiotropy. CONCLUSION: There is no strong evidence to support the causation between circulating micronutrients and hypertensive disorder during pregnancy.
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Hipertensión Inducida en el Embarazo , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Micronutrientes , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Micronutrientes/sangre , Hipertensión Inducida en el Embarazo/sangre , Hipertensión Inducida en el Embarazo/genética , Hipertensión Inducida en el Embarazo/epidemiología , Preeclampsia/sangre , Preeclampsia/genética , Ácido Fólico/sangre , Selenio/sangre , beta Caroteno/sangre , Cobre/sangre , Vitamina B 12/sangre , Vitamina B 6/sangre , Zinc/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Fósforo/sangre , Calcio/sangreRESUMEN
Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is involved in several metabolic processes, especially children's growth and development. Although many previous studies have evaluated the zinc nutritional status of children, there are very few reports on children aged 6-18 years old. Furthermore, there are few reports on children's zinc nutrition status based on the Chinese population. According to WHO data, the prevalence of zinc deficiency in Asian countries is rather high and has resulted in high child mortality. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively assess zinc nutritional status and the prevalence of zinc deficiency among children aged 6-18 years in China based on nationally representative cross-sectional data. Subgroup comparisons were made under possible influencing factors. The potential risk factors of zinc deficiency were also discussed. A total of 64,850 children, equally male and female, were recruited from 150 monitoring sites in 31 provinces through stratified random sampling from China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Children and Lactating Mothers (CNNHS 2016-2017). Median and interquartile intervals were used to represent the overall zinc concentration levels and different subgroups. A Chi-square test was used to compare serum zinc levels and the prevalence of zinc deficiency in children under different group variables. In order to study the influencing factors of zinc deficiency, multiple logistic regression was utilized. It was found that the median concentration of serum Zn was 88.39 µg/dL and the prevalence of Zn deficiency was 9.62%. The possible influence factors for Zn deficiency were sex, anemia, nutritional status, city type and income. By conducting a subgroup analysis of the factors, it was found that males; those with anemia, stunting and low income; and children living in rural areas have a higher risk of Zn deficiency. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of Zn nutritional status among Chinese children, which provides reliable data for policy formulation to improve the zinc nutrition status of children.