RESUMEN
The extraction and burning of coal release genotoxic pollutants, and understanding the relationship between genetic damage and the spatial distribution of residences in coal-using regions is crucial. The study aimed to conduct a spatial analysis of genotoxic damage through the of micronuclei (MNs) number and their proximity to coal mining/burning in the largest coal exploration region in Brazil. In this study, the detection of genotoxic damage was performed using the MN assay in oral cells of residents exposed to coal mining activities. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS 3.28.10 based on information obtained from a questionnaire administered to the population. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to assess the influence of the distance from residential areas to polluting sources on the number of MNs found. Additionally, Spearman's correlation was performed to identify the strength and direction of the association between the frequency of MNs and each of the polluting sources. A total of 147 MNs were quantified among all participants in the coal mining region. Notably, residents living within 2â¯km and 10â¯km of pollution sources exhibited the highest prevalence of MNs. The analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between closer proximity to pollution sources and increased MN frequency, underscoring the spatial relationship between these sources and genotoxic damage. Environmental pollutants from anthropogenic sources present a major health risk, potentially leading to irreversible damage. The spatial analysis in this study highlights the importance of targeted public policies. These policies should aim for a sustainable balance between economic development and public health, promoting effective measures to mitigate environmental impacts and protect community health.
Asunto(s)
Minas de Carbón , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Mucosa Bucal , Brasil , Humanos , Mucosa Bucal/citología , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/inducido químicamente , Adulto , Masculino , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Daño del ADN , Análisis Espacial , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate genomic instability and cytotoxicity in buccal mucosa cells of children living in abnormal conditions from Santos Sao Vicente estuary. The study area is located between coordinates 23°58'11.8"S and 46°24'26.3"W, in the southwestern zone of the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 40 children was distributed into two groups: exposed and non-exposed groups. The frequency of micronuclei increased to buccal mucosa cells of children living in Santos Sao Vicente estuary when compared to the non-exposed group (p < 0.05). No remarkable differences on buccal cells were found inpyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysi between groups. Taken together, our results suggest that children living in contaminated areas comprise a high group for genomic instability on buccal mucosa cells. Given that the current investigation is a preliminary study, further analysis with a larger sample of children is interesting as a future perspective.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo Biológico/métodos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Contaminación Ambiental/efectos adversos , Células Epiteliales/patología , Inestabilidad Genómica , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/inducido químicamente , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Adolescente , Brasil , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Contaminación Ambiental/análisis , Estuarios , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Pruebas de MicronúcleosRESUMEN
This study identified and determined organochloride pesticide (OCs) concentrations in hair samples from children at two elementary schools: one exposed to fumigations in agricultural fields, the other unexposed. Three concentrations of OCs levels in the hair were compared (high, medium, low), and total nuclear abnormalities in buccal cells were determined: micronuclei (MNi), condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, binucleate cells, karyolysis, lobed nuclei, and apoptosis. No significant differences were found for the presence of MNi between the schoolchildren from the exposed and unexposed schools, but the prevalence of OCs in both schools was over 50%, as well as the frequencies of MNi in the children were over 58%. Findings show a significant difference between the frequency of MNi in the total sample of schoolchildren (exposed school + unexposed school) in relation to the concentration of OCs detected in their hair. The children from exposed school that showed the higher concentrations of OCs in hair had higher levels of genotoxic damage in the buccal cells; compared against children with lower concentrations of OCs. The most frequent nuclear abnormalities in the exposed children were lobed nuclei (79.4%), binucleate cells (66.66%), apoptosis (65.07), and MNi (58.7%). We determined the prevalence ratio (PR) and prevalence odds ratio (POR) for the presence of MNi in buccal cells in relation to the OCs concentrations in the hair samples. Both ratios were high for MNi [PR 3.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.97-7.84, p = 0.0003; and POR 7.97, 95% CI 2.62-24.28, p = 0.0003], indicating a 7.97 times greater risk that the exposed children will present > 0.2% of MNi when OCs concentrations exceed 0.447 µg/g. These indicators may be useful biomarkers of genotoxic damage in children exposed to persistent, highly-toxic compounds. Results suggest the potential risk to which those schoolchildren are exposed on a daily basis due to fumigations in nearby agricultural fields.
Asunto(s)
Hidrocarburos Clorados/toxicidad , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Muerte Celular , Núcleo Celular , Niño , Cromatografía de Gases/métodos , Daño del ADN , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Femenino , Cabello/química , Cabello/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidrocarburos Clorados/efectos adversos , Masculino , Pruebas de Micronúcleos/métodos , Mucosa Bucal/química , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Plaguicidas/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay (BMCyt) has become an important biomonitoring tool for assessing cytogenetic damage in many studied populations. Each laboratory applies protocols that vary according to the method of collecting and preparing samples. Besides, Brazil is a country of great territorial extensions that received immigrants from various parts of the world with different genetic backgrounds. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the inter-laboratory variation in scoring the same set of slides using the more comprehensive scoring criteria, to standardize the BMCyt protocol, to observe the basal alterations in populations of different Brazilian regions and to compare it with other places around the world. Our results showed that a valuable number of laboratories participated, ten laboratories from different regions of the country, for the validation of the BMCyt in human biomonitoring studies, resulting in the 804 healthy individuals. This was possible because we observed: a range of measures needs to be considered, such as the baseline frequency of DNA damage and cell death in non-exposed individuals; age when grouped showed an influence on DNA damage, although when evaluated by group we did not see an influence; association between smoking habit and all endpoints of the BMCyt (except karyolytic cells) was evident; the basal MN frequency, in the majority of groups, follows those around the world; and the BMCyt was confirmed as a good health status biomarker. We emphasize the need for constant discussions on the parameters of cell death due to greater difficulty among the analyzers.
Asunto(s)
Bioensayo/normas , Núcleo Celular/genética , Células Epiteliales/ultraestructura , Laboratorios/normas , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico , Pruebas de Micronúcleos/normas , Mucosa Bucal/citología , Adolescente , Adulto , Bioensayo/métodos , Brasil , Muerte Celular/genética , Núcleo Celular/ultraestructura , Daño del ADN , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Bucal/ultraestructura , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Contamination with pesticide residues affects the environmental health of agroecosystems, especially the amphibian fauna that lives in these environments. The objective of the present study was to determine pesticides concentrations in sediments of agroecosystems and to evaluate genetic damage in Rhinella marina populations living in these zones. A total of 91 individuals were collected, 51 in the group exposed in different areas of the middle region of the Sinú River (Irrigation District of Mocari 16, Irrigation District of Aguas Negras 21, Irrigation District of Cerete 14) and 40 in a control group; at the same time, 36 subsamples of sediments were taken at each sampled station to determine pesticides organochlorine by means of chromatography coupled with ISQ Thermo Scientific mass spectrometer. The micronucleus test was applied in erythrocytes of the individuals collected. Results showed the presence of persistent organochlorine pesticides (POPs) in the sediment samples (p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD) of agricultural soils. Two individuals were registered with abnormalities in their limbs at the Mocari station, representing 12.5% of the morphological malformations to this sector. Micronucleus analysis revealed statistically significant genetic damage in exposed individuals (Mocari 9.87 ± 5.1, Cerete 7.7 ± 1.7, Aguas Negras 5.6 ± 3.6) with respect to the control group (2.4 ± 1.9) (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive association between genetic damage and POP concentrations (p < 0.05). In addition, cellular alterations such as nuclear buds, and pyknosis (cell death), were statistically significant in the exposed group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study suggests that there is evidence for morphological and genotoxic effects in R. marina populations inhabiting areas influenced by agriculture, possibly associated with the presence of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDE.
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Agricultura/métodos , Bufo marinus/genética , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Ríos/química , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Animales , Bufo marinus/anomalías , Bufo marinus/sangre , Colombia , Ecosistema , Humanos , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/efectos de los fármacos , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Residuos de Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Estaciones del Año , Suelo/química , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidadRESUMEN
Nuclear abnormalities (micronuclei and meta-nuclear changes) have been used as biomarkers to identify cell damages. As children are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of pollution when compared to adults, assessing genetic damage caused by environmental influences is of great interest. As such, the objective was to determine metanuclear (karyolysis, pycnosis, karyorrhexis, binucleated cells, chromosome bridges and micronuclei) in cells from the oral mucosa of children associated with the school environment, gender, exposure to cigarette smoke and vehicular traffic. Analyses of nuclear abnormalities were performed in exfoliated buccal cells of children from two public schools located in Dourados - MS. The data were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis test considering a significance level of 5% (p < .05). The results showed that children exposed to cigarette smoke presented higher levels of nuclear abnormalities than children who were not usually exposed to this type of mutagenic and genotoxic agent, suggesting that such contaminants are related to clastogenic and aneugenic effects on DNA. Moreover, female children had higher amounts of nuclear abnormalities when compared to male children. With regards to the school environment, the study results indicated statistical differences in of term chromosomal abnormalities for schools A and B. Thus, it was possible to determine that children exposed to cigarette smoke are susceptible to further genetic damage than unexposed children, and female children may be more susceptible to genotoxic and mutagenic agents. This study contributes to the current knowledge on the mutagenic characteristics of human cells, supporting the adoption of preventive Public Health measures.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/inducido químicamente , Mucosa Bucal/química , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/efectos adversos , Población Urbana , Adolescente , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Brasil , Niño , Análisis Citogenético , Daño del ADN , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Mucosa Bucal/citología , Mutágenos/análisis , Instituciones Académicas , Factores Sexuales , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The genotoxic impact of HIV infection on the oral cavity malignancies is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HIV infection in micronucleus (MN) frequency on the oral mucosa of HIV+ patients and establish a relationship with early cytogenetic changes in oral carcinogenesis. METHODS: Thirty HIV+ individuals who are under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 30 non-HIV patients were evaluated. Two smears were taken from the lateral border of the tongue and mouth floor and stained by Feulgen. The frequency of MN was examined in 3000 cells per subject under common microscopy. RESULTS: MN analysis showed no significant difference between groups by Mann-Whitney U-test for total MNs (P = 0.178). The presence of single MN was greater in control group with statistical significance (P = 0.009), while in HIV group, multiple MNs were exhibited in higher mean. CONCLUSIONS: HIV patients under HAART therapy and low viral load values showed higher frequency of multiple MNs, which, although not statistically significant, may be caused by the action of the Vpr gene, an accessory gene of HIV. These results corroborate the theory of HIV infection cytogenetic damage.
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Infecciones por VIH/patología , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carga ViralAsunto(s)
Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/inducido químicamente , Mucosa Bucal/efectos de los fármacos , Nicotina/toxicidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Análisis Citogenético , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Mucosa Bucal/ultraestructura , Proyectos de Investigación , FumarRESUMEN
Data on the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of occupational exposure to the most frequently used volatile anesthetics are limited and controversial. The current study is the first to evaluate genomic instability, cell death and proliferative index in exfoliated buccal cells (EBC) from anesthesiologists. We also evaluated DNA damage and determined the concentrations of the anesthetic gases most commonly used in operating rooms. This study was conducted on physicians who were allocated into two groups: the exposed group, which consisted of anesthesiologists who had been exposed to waste anesthetic gases (isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane and nitrous oxide - N2O) for at least two years; and the control group, which consisted of non-exposed physicians matched for age, sex and lifestyle with the exposed group. Venous blood and EBC samples were collected from all participants. Basal DNA damage was evaluated in lymphocytes by the comet assay, whereas the buccal micronucleus (MN) cytome (BMCyt) assay was applied to evaluate genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. The concentrations of N2O and anesthetics were measured via a portable infrared spectrophotometer. The average concentration of waste gases was greater than 5 parts per million (ppm) for all of the halogenated anesthetics and was more than 170ppm for N2O, expressed as a time-weighted average. There was no significant difference between the groups in relation to lymphocyte DNA damage. The exposed group had higher frequencies of MN, karyorrhexis and pyknosis, and a lower frequency of basal cells compared with the control group. In conclusion, exposure to modern waste anesthetic gases did not induce systemic DNA damage, but it did result in genomic instability, cytotoxicity and proliferative changes, which were detected in the EBC of anesthesiologists. Thus, these professionals can be considered at risk for developing genetic alterations resulting from occupational exposure to these gases, suggesting the need to minimize this exposure.
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Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/efectos adversos , Anestésicos/efectos adversos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Inestabilidad Genómica/efectos de los fármacos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Adulto , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayo Cometa , Daño del ADN , Femenino , Humanos , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/patología , Masculino , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/inducido químicamente , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Mucosa Bucal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Lugar de Trabajo/normasRESUMEN
There is a global lack of knowledge on tropical ecotoxicology, particularly in terms of mangrove areas. These areas often serve as nurseries or homes for several animal species, including Ucides cordatus (the uçá crab). This species is widely distributed, is part of the diet of human coastal communities, and is considered to be a sentinel species due to its sensitivity to toxic xenobiotics in natural environments. Sublethal damages to benthic populations reveal pre-pathological conditions, but discussions of the implications are scarce in the literature. In Brazil, the state of São Paulo offers an interesting scenario for ecotoxicology and population studies: it is easy to distinguish between mangroves that are well preserved and those which are significantly impacted by human activity. The objectives of this study were to provide the normal baseline values for the frequency of Micronucleated cells (MN) and for neutral red retention time (NRRT) in U. cordatus at pristine locations, as well to indicate the conservation status of different mangrove areas using a multi-level biological response approach in which these biomarkers and population indicators (condition factor and crab density) are applied in relation to environmental quality indicators (determined via information in the literature and solid waste volume). A mangrove area with no effects of impact (areas of reference or pristine areas) presented a mean value of MN<3 and NRRT>120min, values which were assumed as baseline values representing genetic and physiological normality. A significant correlation was found between NRRT and MN, with both showing similar and effective results for distinguishing between different mangrove areas according to conservation status. Furthermore, crab density was lower in more impacted mangrove areas, a finding which also reflects the effects of sublethal damage; this finding was not determined by condition factor measurements. Multi-level biological responses were able to reflect the conservation status of the mangrove areas studied using information on guideline values of MN, NRRT, and density of the uçá crab in order to categorize three levels of human impacts in mangrove areas: PNI (probable null impact); PLI (probable low impact); and PHI (probable high impact). Results confirm the success of U. cordatus species' multi-level biological responses in diagnosing threats to mangrove areas. Therefore, this species represents an effective tool in studies on mangrove conservation statuses in the Western Atlantic.
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Braquiuros/fisiología , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Contaminantes Ambientales/efectos adversos , Humedales , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Biomarcadores/análisis , Brasil , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/métodos , Ecotoxicología/métodos , Contaminantes Ambientales/análisis , Humanos , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Análisis de Componente Principal , Pruebas de Toxicidad Subaguda/métodosRESUMEN
In this study, we analysed the frequency of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) and evaluated mutagen-induced sensitivity in the lymphocytes of patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). In total, 49 patients with chronic viral hepatitis (28 HBV-infected and 21 HCV-infected patients) and 33 healthy, non-infected blood donor controls were investigated. The frequencies () of MN, NPBs and NBUDs in the controls were 4.41 ± 2.15, 1.15 ± 0.97 and 2.98 ± 1.31, respectively. The frequencies of MN and NPBs were significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in the patient group (7.01 ± 3.23 and 2.76 ± 2.08, respectively) compared with the control group. When considered separately, the HBV-infected patients (7.18 ± 3.57) and HCV-infected patients (3.27 ± 2.40) each had greater numbers of MN than did the controls (p < 0.0001). The HCV-infected patients displayed high numbers of NPBs (2.09 ± 1.33) and NBUDs (4.38 ± 3.28), but only the HBV-infected patients exhibited a significant difference (NPBs = 3.27 ± 2.40, p < 0.0001 and NBUDs = 4.71 ± 2.79, p = 0.03) in comparison with the controls. Similar results were obtained for males, but not for females, when all patients or the HBV-infected group was compared with the controls. The lymphocytes of the infected patients did not exhibit sensitivity to mutagen in comparison with the lymphocytes of the controls (p = 0.06). These results showed that the lymphocytes of patients who were chronically infected with HBV or HCV presented greater chromosomal instability.
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Núcleo Celular/virología , Hepatitis B Crónica/virología , Hepatitis C Crónica/virología , Linfocitos/virología , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Análisis de Varianza , Núcleo Celular/ultraestructura , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Inestabilidad Cromosómica , Daño del ADN , Femenino , Humanos , Linfocitos/ultraestructura , Masculino , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Sexuales , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In this study, we analysed the frequency of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) and evaluated mutagen-induced sensitivity in the lymphocytes of patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). In total, 49 patients with chronic viral hepatitis (28 HBV-infected and 21 HCV-infected patients) and 33 healthy, non-infected blood donor controls were investigated. The frequencies (‰) of MN, NPBs and NBUDs in the controls were 4.41 ± 2.15, 1.15 ± 0.97 and 2.98 ± 1.31, respectively. The frequencies of MN and NPBs were significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in the patient group (7.01 ± 3.23 and 2.76 ± 2.08, respectively) compared with the control group. When considered separately, the HBV-infected patients (7.18 ± 3.57) and HCV-infected patients (3.27 ± 2.40) each had greater numbers of MN than did the controls (p < 0.0001). The HCV-infected patients displayed high numbers of NPBs (2.09 ± 1.33) and NBUDs (4.38 ± 3.28), but only the HBV-infected patients exhibited a significant difference (NPBs = 3.27 ± 2.40, p < 0.0001 and NBUDs = 4.71 ± 2.79, p = 0.03) in comparison with the controls. Similar results were obtained for males, but not for females, when all patients or the HBV-infected group was compared with the controls. The lymphocytes of the infected patients did not exhibit sensitivity to mutagen in comparison with the lymphocytes of the controls (p = 0.06). These results showed that the lymphocytes of patients who were chronically infected with HBV or HCV presented greater chromosomal instability.
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Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Núcleo Celular/virología , Hepatitis B Crónica/virología , Hepatitis C Crónica/virología , Linfocitos/virología , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Edad , Análisis de Varianza , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Inestabilidad Cromosómica , Núcleo Celular/ultraestructura , Daño del ADN , Linfocitos/ultraestructura , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
The aim of this paper is to compare the spontaneous and induced with cyclophosphamide micronucleus indexes in bone marrow cells of the Sprague Dawley, Lewis and Wistar rat lines. Five experimental groups were formed (10 animals of each sex and of each line, in every group). The first group was used as the negative control (intact animals), the second one was exposed to oral administration of drugs; other conditions were the same as for the other groups. The third group was treated with 2% Tween 65 and the fourth group was treated with 0.9% NaCl. Both substances were administered by oral way to 2 ml/kg during 14 days. The fifth group was treated intraperitoneally with strong mutagen cyclophosphamide in the dose of 50 mg/kg (10 ml/kg in solution), on 48th and 24th hours before euthanasia. The Sprague Dawley line (both sexes) was significantly different from the other lines. Rats of this line had lower index of spontaneous formation of micronuclei, higher index of cyclophosphamide-induced micronucle formation, percent of micronucleated erythrocytes in bone marrow and the index of cytotoxicity. The results obtained make it possible to identify the most appropriate line of rats as model animals for studies of genotoxicity. It will allow also to obtain more accurate estimates of genotoxicity of various substances.
Asunto(s)
Células de la Médula Ósea/patología , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico , Administración Oral , Animales , Ciclofosfamida/farmacología , Femenino , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Masculino , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/inducido químicamente , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos/métodos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos/normas , Mutágenos/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas Lew , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Ratas Wistar , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate genomic damage and cellular death in exfoliated oral mucosa cells and peripheral blood from car painters. A total of 24 car painters and 19 healthy controls (non-exposed individuals) were included in this setting. Individuals had epithelial cells from cheek mucosa (left and right side) mechanically exfoliated, placed in fixative and dropped in clean slides which were checked for the specific nuclear phenotypes. A total of 5 µL from peripheral blood was collected for the single cell gel (comet) assay. The results pointed out statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) of micronucleated oral mucosa cells from car painters. In addition, DNA damage was detected in peripheral blood cells by single cell gel (comet) assay. Nevertheless, exposure to car paints did not cause increases other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity such as karrhyorexis, pyknosis and karyolysis in buccal mucosa cells. In summary, the results of the present study suggest that car painters comprise a high risk group since paints can induce genotoxic and mutagenic effects in peripheral blood and oral mucosa cells, respectively.
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Automóviles , Células Sanguíneas/efectos de los fármacos , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Mucosa Bucal/efectos de los fármacos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Pintura/toxicidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Células Sanguíneas/patología , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Celular/patología , Ensayo Cometa , Daño del ADN , Monitoreo del Ambiente/instrumentación , Monitoreo del Ambiente/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Masculino , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/inducido químicamente , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Microscopía Fluorescente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate chromosome damage, by means of micronucleus frequency, in dermal fibroblasts from affected and non-affected skin from systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and from controls. METHODS: Primary fibroblast cultures were obtained by biopsy from affected and non-affected skin from SSc patients. Control fibroblasts were derived from skin remnants from plastic surgery in healthy adults. The number of micronuclei-bearing cells per 1000 binucleated cells (MN+ cells/1000 BN) was determined in cultures with and without clastogenic stimulus (bleomycin 3 µg/mL). RESULTS: Primary cultures from 10 SSc patients (affected and non-affected skin) and nine controls were analysed by two blinded examiners. In the absence of bleomycin, the frequency of MN+ cells was higher in cultures from affected (14.01 ± 11.96 MN+ cells/1000 BN; p = 0.004) and non-affected (15.41 ± 13.58 MN cells/1000 BN; p = 0.005) skin from SSc patients as compared to fibroblasts from healthy controls (4.74 ± 3.30 MN cells/1000 BN). In bleomycin-treated cultures, the frequency of MN cells was higher in SSc affected (38.03 ± 26.14 MN cells/1000 BN; p = 0.041) and non-affected skin (38.47 ± 17.88 MN cells/1000 BN; p = 0.034) as compared to healthy control fibroblasts (20.54 ± 13.09 MN cells/1000 BN). There was no difference in the frequency of MN cells in cultures from affected and non-affected skin of SSc patients. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration that dermal fibroblasts from SSc patients present an increased frequency of spontaneous and clastogen-induced micronuclei. Increased clastogenesis seems to be a widespread phenomenon in SSc because fibroblasts from clinically affected and non-affected skin presented the equivalent increased micronuclei counts.
Asunto(s)
Fibroblastos/patología , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Esclerodermia Sistémica/genética , Esclerodermia Sistémica/patología , Piel/patología , Adulto , Biopsia , Bleomicina/efectos adversos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/inducido químicamente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutágenos/efectos adversos , Estrés Oxidativo/genética , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Tons of sludge is produced daily in sewage treatment plants of large cities, causing an enormous disposal problem. Because recycling has been proposed to mitigate the situation, the potential adverse health effects of the sludge should be verified before that policy is undertaken. The present study is a part of an assessment of oral toxicity in rats fed with sewer-treated sludge and aimed to contribute to its genotoxicity characterization. After a 2-week acclimatization period, male and female Wistar rats were fed ad libitum for 90 days a pelleted commercial diet containing 0, 5000, 10,000 and 50,000 ppm of a treated sludge sample. The potential mutagenic or genotoxic effect was detected in recent animal cells by the bone marrow micronucleus test and the comet assay, respectively. For the comet assay peripheral blood samples were obtained immediately before the sacrifice from the periorbital plexus. Following sacrifices, polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) were analyzed in femoral bone marrow smears and the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) were registered. Results of both assays indicated that exposure to any of the sludge concentrations tested did not increase the frequency of MNPCEs or the levels of DNA damage when compared to non-exposed concurrent control rats.
Asunto(s)
Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Residuos Industriales/efectos adversos , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/inducido químicamente , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Animales , Antimutagênicos/farmacología , Médula Ósea/efectos de la radiación , Daño del ADN/genética , Eritrocitos Anormales , Femenino , Rayos gamma , Masculino , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Eliminación de ResiduosRESUMEN
The quality of life in large urban centers is directly affected by the air quality there. Atmospheric monitoring is therefore imperative, and bioassays using plant models to detect the effects of genotoxic agents are recognized as giving excellent results. The present study utilized Trad-MCN to evaluate the genotoxic effects of atmospheric pollutants in the city of Feira de Santana, Bahia State, Brazil, in three locations with varying traffic loads. Inflorescences were collected on a monthly basis from plants growing in these locations in both passive and active monitoring regimes. The occurrence of micronuclei (MCN) was found to be proportional to vehicular flux under both monitoring regimes; with the plants being accompanied by active monitoring demonstrating the greatest sensitivity to atmospheric contamination. The results indicated that locations with the most intense vehicular traffic demonstrated significant atmospheric contamination by pollutants able to damage DNA.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Vehículos a Motor , Tradescantia/efectos de los fármacos , Brasil , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Flores/efectos de los fármacos , Flores/genética , Geografía , Humanos , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/efectos de los fármacos , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/estadística & datos numéricos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Tradescantia/genética , Salud Urbana/normasRESUMEN
Ruthenium complexes have attracted much attention as possible building blocks for new transition-metal-based antitumor agents. The present study examines the mitotoxic and clastogenic effects induced in the root tips of Allium cepa by cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate {cis-[Ru(C(2)O(2))(NH(3))(4)](2)(S(2)O(6))} at different exposure durations and concentrations. Correlation tests were performed to determine the effects of the time of exposure and concentration of ruthenium complex on mitotic index (MI) and mitotic aberration index. A comparison of MI results of cis-[Ru(C(2)O(2))(NH(3))(4)](2)(S(2)O(6)) to those of lead nitrate reveals that the ruthenium complex demonstrates an average mitotic inhibition eightfold higher than lead, with the frequency of cellular abnormalities almost fourfold lower and mitotic aberration threefold lower. A. cepa root cells exposed to a range of ruthenium complex concentrations did not display significant clastogenic effects. Cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate therefore exhibits a remarkable capacity to inhibit mitosis, perhaps by inhibiting DNA synthesis or blocking the cell cycle in the G2 phase. Further investigation of the mechanisms of action of this ruthenium complex will be important to define its clinical potential and to contribute to a novel and rational approach to developing a new metal-based drug with antitumor properties complementary to those exhibited by the drugs already in clinical use.