RESUMEN
Cognitive impairment and major depressive disorder (MDD) are common HIV-1 central nervous system (CNS) complications. Their frequencies in AIDS patients are 36% and 45%, respectively. The diagnoses of HIV cognitive impairment are made by clinical criteria, no single laboratory test or biomarker establishes the diagnosis. Factors of indirect neuronal injury related with the pathophysiology of the HIV infection in the CNS, are the factors studied as biomarkers. In the present no biomarker is established to the diagnosis of HIV cognitive impairment, much still needs to be done. We review in this paper some biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid that could be valuable to the diagnosis of HIV cognitive impairment. Diagnosing depression in the context of HIV can be challenging, to identify a biomarker that could help in the diagnosis would be very important, although MDD risks and neurobiology are still poorly understood.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Conocimiento/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Infecciones por VIH/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Quimiocinas/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Trastornos del Conocimiento/etiología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/etiología , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , VIH-1 , Humanos , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Carga Viral , Microglobulina beta-2/líquido cefalorraquídeoRESUMEN
Beta 2 microglobulin is a low molecular weight protein integrating the light chain HLA antigens. Its serum concentration is increased in different neoplasias and in renal failure. Using solid phase RIA we determined the concentration of beta 2 microglobulin in plasma and spinal fluid of 57 healthy individuals and patients with hematologic neoplasia. Serum levels were 1.34 +/- 0.34 mg/l and spinal fluid levels were 1.3 +/- 0.7 mg/l in healthy subjects. Serum levels in 29 patients with myeloma was 7.51 mg/l, significantly higher in those with renal failure (12.35 mg/l) compared to those without (4.54). In 30 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma the mean serum levels were 2.90 mg/l, significantly greater in those with active disease (3.18) than in those with remission (1.5). No difference was found according to the degree of malignancy. Patients with acute lymphatic leukemia had elevated values of beta 2 microglobulin while the disease was active (3.37 mg/l), decreasing to normal levels after remission (1.79 mg/l). Spinal fluid levels of beta 2 microglobulin were elevated only in patients with central nervous system involvement. Our results indicate that serum levels of beta 2 microglobulin are helpful in patients with hematologic neoplasia in assessing the activity of the disease and tumor mass, especially in multiple myeloma.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Hodgkin/análisis , Mieloma Múltiple/análisis , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Microglobulina beta-2/análisis , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Donantes de Sangre , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores de Referencia , Microglobulina beta-2/líquido cefalorraquídeoRESUMEN
Beta 2 microglobulin is alow molecular weight protein integrating the light chain HLA antigens Its serum concentration is increased in different neiplasias and in renal failure. Using solid phase Ria we determined the concentration of beta 2 microglobulin in plasma and spinal fluid of 57 healthy individuals and patients with hematologic neoplasia. Serum levels were 1.34 ñ 0.34 mg/l and spinal fluid levels were 1.3 ñ 0.7 mg/l in healthy subjects. Serum levels in 29 patients with myeloma was 7.51 mg/l, significantly highy in those with renal failure (12.35 mg/l) compared to those without (4.54). In 30 patients with non- Hodgkin lymphoma the mean serum levels were 2.90 mg/l, significantly greater in those with active disease (3.18) than in those with remission (1.5). No diference was founde according to the degree of malignancy. Patients with acute lymphatic leukemia had elevated values of beta 2 microglobulin while the disease eas active (3.37 mg/l), decreasing to normal levels after remission 91.79 mg/l). Spinal fluid levels of beta 2 microglobulin were elevated onfly in patients with central nervous system involvement. our results indicate that serunm levels of beta 2 microglobulin are helpful in patients with hematologic neoplasia in assessing the activity of the disease and tumor mass, especially in multiple myeloma