RESUMEN
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of melatonin applications on postharvest quality changes of organic and conventionally grown plum fruit. Melatonin was applied in 0, 50, and 100 µmol L- 1 for organic and conventional samples. The fruits were stored at + 2.0 °C and 90% relative humidity for 28 days. During the storage period, the color, weight loss, firmness, Soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, total antioxidant content, and total phenolics were evaluated at 7-day intervals. While no effect of melatonin applications on weight loss of organically grown plums was observed, it was determined that weight loss decreased as the dose of melatonin increased in conventionally grown plums. The lowest weight loss during storage was determined in conventionally grown plums treated with 100 µmolL- 1 melatonin. It was observed that the firmness values decreased as the storage period increased in both cultivation methods. The firmness decreased as the dose of melatonin application increased in organically grown plums, while the firmness increased as the dose of melatonin application increased in conventional cultivation. Melatonin application did not positively affect SSC, pH, and color values. However, it was determined that the mean TA values decreased as the dose of melatonin increased in both cultivation methods. When the total phenol content of organic and conventional plums was examined, it was determined that melatonin application decreased the number of phenolic compounds. The highest phenolic content was determined in the control samples. The total amount of antioxidants was 1.71 µmol TE g- 1 on the 28th day in the highest (100 µmol L- 1) melatonin-treated conventionally grown plums.
Asunto(s)
Almacenamiento de Alimentos , Frutas , Melatonina , Prunus domestica , Melatonina/farmacología , Almacenamiento de Alimentos/métodos , Frutas/efectos de los fármacos , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Frutas/química , Prunus domestica/efectos de los fármacos , Prunus domestica/crecimiento & desarrollo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Fenoles/metabolismo , Agricultura Orgánica/métodosAsunto(s)
Dermatitis Atópica , Melatonina , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Calidad del Sueño , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Dermatitis Atópica/tratamiento farmacológico , Método Doble Ciego , Melatonina/administración & dosificación , Melatonina/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
Recent evidence indicates that the damaged regions in osteoarthritis are accompanied by the accumulation of iron ions. Ferroptosis, as an iron-dependent form of cell death, holds significant implications in osteoarthritis. Melatonin, a natural product with strong scavenging abilities against reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, plays a crucial role in the treatment of osteoarthritis. This study aims to demonstrate the existence of ferroptosis in osteoarthritis and explore the specific mechanism of melatonin in suppressing ferroptosis and alleviating osteoarthritis. Our findings reveal that melatonin reverses inflammation-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation while promoting the expression of extracellular matrix components in chondrocytes, safeguarding the cells. Our research has revealed that NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) serves as a crucial molecule in the ferroptosis process of osteoarthritis. Specifically, NOX4 is located on mitochondria in chondrocytes, which can induce disorders in mitochondrial energy metabolism and dysfunction, thereby intensifying oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. LC-MS analysis further uncovered that GRP78 is a downstream binding protein of NOX4. NOX4 induces ferroptosis by weakening GRP78's protective effect on GPX4 and reducing its expression. Melatonin can inhibit the upregulation of NOX4 on mitochondria and mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, effectively suppressing ferroptosis and alleviating osteoarthritis. This suggests that melatonin therapy represents a promising new approach for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Asunto(s)
Ferroptosis , Melatonina , Mitocondrias , NADPH Oxidasa 4 , Osteoartritis , Melatonina/farmacología , Ferroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoartritis/metabolismo , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteoartritis/patología , NADPH Oxidasa 4/metabolismo , Animales , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Condrocitos/metabolismo , Condrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Condrocitos/patología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , RatonesRESUMEN
Intestinal barrier dysfunction with high serum endotoxin is common in patients with liver fibrosis, but the mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis remain unclear. Melatonin is a well-recognized antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent that benefits multiple organs. However, the beneficial effects of melatonin on gut leakiness-associated liver fibrosis have not been systemically studied. Here, we investigated the protective mechanisms of melatonin against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced gut barrier dysfunction and hepatic fibrosis by focusing on posttranslational protein modifications through the gut-liver axis. Our results showed that gut leakiness markers, including decreased gut tight/adherens junction proteins (TJ/AJs) with increased intestinal deformation, apoptosis, and serum endotoxin, were observed early at 1 week after TAA exposure. Liver injury, apoptosis, and fibrosis were prominent at 2 and 4 weeks. Mechanistically, we found that gut TJ/AJs were hyper-acetylated, followed by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, leading to their degradation and gut leakiness. Gut dysbiosis, hepatic protein hyper-acetylation, and SIRT1 downregulation were also observed. Consistently, intestinal Sirt1 deficiency greatly enhanced protein hyper-acetylation, gut leakiness, endotoxemia, and liver fibrosis. Pretreatment with melatonin prevented or improved all these changes in both the gut and liver. Furthermore, melatonin blunted protein acetylation and injury in TAA-exposed T84 human intestinal and AML12 mouse liver cells. Overall, this study demonstrated novel mechanisms by which melatonin prevents gut leakiness and liver fibrosis through the gut-liver axis by attenuating the acetylation of intestinal and hepatic proteins. Thus, melatonin consumption can become a potentially safe supplement for liver fibrosis patients by preventing protein hyper-acetylation and gut leakiness.
Asunto(s)
Cirrosis Hepática , Melatonina , Sirtuina 1 , Tioacetamida , Tioacetamida/toxicidad , Sirtuina 1/metabolismo , Melatonina/farmacología , Animales , Cirrosis Hepática/metabolismo , Cirrosis Hepática/inducido químicamente , Ratones , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Acetilación/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/patologíaRESUMEN
Bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) is a contagious disease in cattle, caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). This virus continues to spread globally, exerting pressure on both public health and the economy. Despite its impact, there are currently no effective drugs for treating BVDV. This study utilized Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells as a model to investigate the antiviral effects of melatonin against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and its connection with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our results show that melatonin can suppress BVDV proliferation in MDBK cells by modulating the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated NF-κB pathway and autophagy. Specifically, melatonin alleviated ER stress, inhibited the activation of IκBα and p65, regulated autophagy, and reduced the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, when we treated BVDV-infected cells with the ER stress inducer thapsigargin, it led to significant activation of the NF-κB pathway and autophagy. Conversely, treating the cells with the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid reversed these effects. These findings suggest that melatonin exerts its antiviral effects primarily through the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 of ER stress-mediated NF-κB pathway and autophagy. Overall, our study underscores the potential of melatonin as an effective protective and therapeutic option against BVDV, offering insights into its anti-infective mechanisms.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales , Autofagia , Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico , Melatonina , FN-kappa B , Transducción de Señal , Replicación Viral , Melatonina/farmacología , Animales , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico/efectos de los fármacos , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Bovinos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina/efectos de los fármacos , Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina/fisiología , Línea Celular , Antivirales/farmacología , Diarrea Mucosa Bovina Viral/tratamiento farmacológico , Diarrea Mucosa Bovina Viral/virologíaRESUMEN
Cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers among the most prevalent and deadly forms. These cancers often lead to high mortality rates and demand the use of potent cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. For example, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) forms the backbone of chemotherapy regimens for various GI cancers, including colorectal cancer. While these chemotherapeutics efficiently kill cancer cells, they frequently cause off-target effects such as chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM), characterized by debilitating symptoms like pain, nausea, and diarrhoea, necessitating medical intervention. In this study, we elucidated the potential of melatonin and misoprostol to reduce 5-FU-induced small intestinal mucositis. Morphological and cellular changes in the jejunum, along with colonic faecal water content were quantified in rats as markers for CIM. Additionally, the effects of melatonin were investigated in vitro on 5-FU treated murine intestinal organoids. The results showed that melatonin prevented villus atrophy in the rat jejunal mucosa and upheld cell viability in murine intestinal organoids. In contrast, misoprostol alone or in combination with melatonin did not significantly affect CIM caused by 5-FU. These in vivo and in vitro experiments provided promising insights that melatonin may be used as a preventive and/or adjuvant combination therapy to prevent and reduce CIM, holding the potential to enhance cancer treatment outcomes and improve patient quality-of-life.
Asunto(s)
Fluorouracilo , Intestino Delgado , Melatonina , Mucositis , Organoides , Animales , Melatonina/farmacología , Ratas , Organoides/efectos de los fármacos , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Fluorouracilo/farmacología , Ratones , Intestino Delgado/efectos de los fármacos , Intestino Delgado/patología , Mucositis/inducido químicamente , Mucositis/patología , Mucositis/prevención & control , Mucositis/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Atrofia/inducido químicamente , Atrofia/tratamiento farmacológico , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/patologíaRESUMEN
The yield of Tartary buckwheat is significantly affected by continuous cropping. Melatonin plays a crucial role in plant defense mechanisms against abiotic stresses. However, the relationship between melatonin and continuous cropping tolerance remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the physiological mechanism of melatonin in enhancing the continuous cropping tolerance (abiotic stress) of Tartary buckwheat. A field experiment was conducted on Tartary buckwheat cultivar Jinqiao 2 under continuous cropping with five melatonin application rates, 0 (Control), 10, 50, 100, and 200 µmol L-1, applied during the early budding stage. The chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmolyte and auxin (IAA) contents, root activity, rhizosphere soil nutrient content, and agronomic traits of Tartary buckwheat initially increased and then decreased with an increase in the concentration of exogenous melatonin application, with the best effects observed at 100 µmol L-1. Compared with the Control treatment, the 100 µmol L-1 treatment decreased the contents of malondialdehyde, superoxide anion free radical, and abscisic acid (ABA) by an average of 28.79%, 27.08%, and 31.64%, respectively. Exogenous melatonin treatment significantly increased the yield of Tartary buckwheat under continuous cropping. Plants treated with 10, 50, 100, and 200 µM respectively had 1.88, 2.01, 2.20, and 1.78 times higher yield than those of the Control treatment. In summary, melatonin treatment, particularly 100 µmol L-1, enhanced the continuous cropping tolerance of Tartary buckwheat by increasing antioxidant capacity and osmotica content, coordinating endogenous ABA and IAA content levels, and delaying senescence, ultimately increasing yield.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Fagopyrum , Melatonina , Fagopyrum/efectos de los fármacos , Fagopyrum/metabolismo , Fagopyrum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fagopyrum/fisiología , Melatonina/farmacología , Melatonina/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/farmacología , Clorofila/metabolismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Although the petals of Rosa rugosa are rich in flavonoids and their bioactivity has a significant impact on human health, the flavonoid content decreases during flower development. In this study, R. rugosa 'Feng hua' was used to investigate the effects of the melatonin foliar spray on enhancing the quality of rose by focusing on major flavonoids. The results showed that the contents of total flavonoids in rose petals at the full bloom stage induced by melatonin obeyed a bell-shaped curve, with a maximum at 0.3 mM, indicating the concentration-dependent up-regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. In the treatment with 0.3 mM melatonin, metabolomic analyses showed that the concentrations of ten main flavonoids were identified to be increased by melatonin induction, with high levels and increases observed in three flavonols and two anthocyanins. KEGG enrichment of transcriptomic analysis revealed a remarkable enrichment of DEGs in flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis, such as Rr4CL, RrF3H, and RrANS. Furthermore, functional validation using virus-induced gene silencing technology demonstrated that Rr4CL3 is the crucial gene regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in response to the stimulant of melatonin. This study provides insights into the exogenous melatonin regulation mechanism of biosynthesis of flavonoids, thereby offering potential industrial applications.
Asunto(s)
Flavonoides , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Melatonina , Rosa , Rosa/genética , Rosa/metabolismo , Rosa/efectos de los fármacos , Melatonina/farmacología , Flavonoides/biosíntesis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Flores/genética , Flores/metabolismo , Flores/efectos de los fármacos , Transcriptoma , Metaboloma/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolómica/métodos , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prematurity-related brain injury is a common and serious complication that has long-term effects on the survival and development of affected infants. Currently, the roles of certain biomarkers such as the protein hydrolysis product SBDP145, melatonin, soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1), high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in prematurity-related brain injury remain not fully elucidated. Our study aims to assess the significance of SBDP145, melatonin, sLOX-1, HMGB1 and HIF-1α in preterm infants with brain injury. METHODS: 135 preterm infants admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to February 2022 were selected and divided into 78 cases in a prematurity-associated brain injury group, and 57 cases in another group of preterm infants without brain injury or other diseases according to the magnetic resonance imaging results. The levels of SBDP145, melatonin, sLOX-1, HMGB1 and HIF-1α in the two groups were analyzed. The serum concentrations of SBDP145, melatonin, sLOX-1, HMGB1 and HIF-1α in newborns with different severity of ventricular hemorrhage were observed, and the levels of SBDP145, melatonin, sLOX-1, HMGB1 and HIF-1α in those with different severity of white matter brain injury were compared. RESULTS: The levels of SBDP145, sLOX-1, HMGB1 and HIF-1α were significantly higher in the preterm combined brain injury group than in the preterm group, and melatonin levels were significantly lower than in the preterm group(P < 0.05). The levels of SBDP145, sLOX-1, HMGB1 and HIF-1α were higher in the moderate to severe group and melatonin levels were lower in the mild group of newborns with ventricular hemorrhage (P < 0.05). The levels of SBDP145, sLOX-1, HMGB1 and HIF-1α were higher in the moderate-severe group and melatonin levels were lower in the mild group in newborns with cerebral white matter injury (P < 0.05). The independent variables were SBDP145, melatonin, sLOX-1, HMGB1, HIF-1α, and the dependent variable was the prognosis of neonates with brain injury. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. The results showed that the influencing factors of newborns with brain injury were SBDP145, melatonin, sLOX-1, HMGB1, HIF-1α. CONCLUSION: The levels of SBDP145, melatonin, sLOX-1, HMGB1 and HIF-1α were highly expressed in preterm newborns with brain injury, and the levels were higher when the condition of the newborns was more severe. These findings suggest the potential clinical utility of these biomarkers in predicting and monitoring brain injury in preterm infants, which could aid in early intervention and improve long-term outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Lesiones Encefálicas , Proteína HMGB1 , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Melatonina , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Proteína HMGB1/sangre , Melatonina/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , Biomarcadores/sangre , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/sangre , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Lesiones Encefálicas/sangre , Lesiones Encefálicas/metabolismo , Enfermedades del Prematuro/sangreRESUMEN
This study aimed to determine the relationship between melatonin hormone levels, sleep, and factors affecting sleep, psychological resilience, and depression in nurses working with a shift work system. Conducted between February 5-12, 2021, at the Training and Research Hospital in Agri province, the descriptive study included 41 night shift nurses and 35 day shift nurses, totaling 76 participants. Blood samples for melatonin analysis were collected and data were gathered using the Sociodemographic Information Form, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Sleep Disorder Scale Short Form, Brief Psychological Resilience Scale, and Beck Depression Scale Short Form. Melatonin analysis was performed using the ELISA method. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results showed that sleep disorders were present in all nurses with <7 h of daily sleep. Factors such as the use of sleeping pills, marital status, age, and gender affected sleep disorders. Mean scores for melatonin levels were 67.82 ± 40.20 for night shift nurses and 68.08 ± 39.62 for day shift nurses, with no significant difference between shifts. Similarly, no significant differences were found in daytime sleepiness (7.49 ± 4.47 vs. 7.51 ± 4.65), sleep disturbance (24.71 ± 7.33 vs. 25.23 ± 6.64), psychological resilience (18.42 ± 4.19 vs. 17.89 ± 4.74), or depression (3.22 ± 2.60 vs. 3.49 ± 3.35). Nurses exhibited mild sleep disturbances, low depression tendencies, and moderate psychological resilience. Increased daytime sleepiness and sleep disorders correlated with higher depression tendencies and lower psychological resilience. Hospital management and education units are recommended to conduct interventions on sleep quality, depression, and psychological resilience to raise awareness among nurses.
Asunto(s)
Depresión , Melatonina , Humanos , Femenino , Melatonina/sangre , Masculino , Adulto , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/sangre , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/psicología , Turquía , Horario de Trabajo por Turnos/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resiliencia Psicológica , Tolerancia al Trabajo Programado/psicología , Tolerancia al Trabajo Programado/fisiología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/sangre , SueñoRESUMEN
Salinity stress represents a major threat to crop production by inhibiting seed germination, growth of seedlings, and final yield and, therefore, to the social and economic prosperity of developing countries. Recently, plant growth-promoting substances have been widely used as a chemical strategy for improving plant resilience towards abiotic stresses. This study aimed to determine whether melatonin (MT) and glycine betaine (GB) alone or in combination could alleviate the salinity-induced impacts on seed germination and growth of maize seedlings. Increasing NaCl concentration from 100 to 200 mM declined seed germination rate (4.6-37.7%), germination potential (24.5-46.7%), radical length (7.7-40.0%), plumule length (2.2-35.6%), seedling fresh (1.7-41.3%) and dry weight (23.0-56.1%) compared to control (CN) plants. However, MT and GB treatments lessened the adverse effects of 100 and 150 mM NaCl and enhanced germination comparable to control plants. In addition, results from the pot experiments show that 200 mM NaCl stress disrupted the osmotic balance and persuaded oxidative stress, presented by higher electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals, and malondialdehyde compared to control plants. However, compared to the NaCl treatment, NaCl+MT+GB treatment decreased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (24.2-42.1%), hydrogen peroxide (36.2-44.0%), and superoxide radicals (20.1-50.9%) by up-regulating the activity of superoxide dismutase (28.4-51.2%), catalase (82.2-111.5%), ascorbate peroxidase (40.3-59.2%), and peroxidase (62.2-117.9%), and by enhancing osmolytes accumulation, thereby reducing NaCl-induced oxidative damages. Based on these findings, the application of MT+GB is an efficient chemical strategy for improving seed germination and growth of seedlings by improving the physiological and biochemical attributes of maize under 200 mM NaCl stress.
Asunto(s)
Betaína , Germinación , Melatonina , Estrés Salino , Plantones , Semillas , Zea mays , Melatonina/farmacología , Zea mays/efectos de los fármacos , Zea mays/crecimiento & desarrollo , Zea mays/fisiología , Zea mays/metabolismo , Betaína/farmacología , Betaína/metabolismo , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Plantones/efectos de los fármacos , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantones/fisiología , Estrés Salino/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/fisiología , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacología , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Salinidad , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive drug that threatens human health. The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) and its neural circuits play key roles in the regulation of spatial memory retrieval, and hippocampal contextual or social memory. Melatonin (MLT), a pineal hormone, can regulate hypothalamic-neurohypophysial activity. Our previous study showed that MLT attenuates METH-induced locomotor sensitization. However, whether MLT regulates SuM function and participates in METH-induced contextual memory retrieval remains unclear. Using a mouse model of METH-conditioned place preference (CPP) and sensitization, we found that METH activated c-Fos expression and elevated calcium (Ca²âº) levels in SuM neurons. Chemogenetic inhibition of SuM attenuates CPP and sensitization. Pretreatment with MLT decreased c-Fos expression and Ca2+ levels in the SuM and reversed METH-induced addictive behavior, effects that were blocked with the selective MT2 receptors antagonist 4P-PDOT and the MT1 receptors antagonist S26131. Furthermore, MLT reduced SuM synaptic plasticity, glutamate (Glu) release, and neuronal oscillations caused by METH, which were blocked by 4P-PDOT. In conclusion, our data revealed that MLT regulates neuronal synaptic plasticity in the SuM, likely through the MLT receptors (MTs), and plays a role in modulating METH-addictive behavior.
Asunto(s)
Melatonina , Metanfetamina , Plasticidad Neuronal , Animales , Melatonina/farmacología , Metanfetamina/farmacología , Plasticidad Neuronal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Hipotálamo Posterior/efectos de los fármacos , Hipotálamo Posterior/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the therapeutic effects of colchicine and melatonin on endometriotic implants in an experimentally created endometriosis model in rats. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-four adult female Wistar albino rats weighing between 260 and 300â¯g, 8 weeks old, were selected for the study. The unilateral uterine horn of rats with a bicornuate uterus was excised for 1â¯cm, washed with sterile saline, incised longitudinally, and the endometrium was exposed. A 0.5*0.5â¯cm endometrial tissue sample taken with a scalpel was implanted with suturing (4/0 Vicryl) to the abdominal wall. Forty-four rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 was randomized as the endometriosis group (control), Group 2 as endometriosis + colchicine treatment, Group 3 as endometriosis + melatonin treatment, and Group 4 as the endometriosis + melatonin + colchicine treatment group. The colchicine (Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, Missouri) group was administered orally at a dose of 0.1â¯mg/kg, and the Melatonin group orally at a dose of melatonin (20â¯mg/kg per day). Treatment continued daily for 30 days. RESULTS: In the post-treatment focal diameter measurements, the endometrial focal diameter in the colchicine and colchicine + melatonin group was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.026). Bcl-2 levels of the colchicine group were lower than the control group and the melatonin group (p=0.021). CONCLUSION: Colchicine and melatonin reduce adhesion to the peritoneal surface in ectopic endometrial cells. It also acts by increasing apoptosis and decreasing cell survival.
Asunto(s)
Colchicina , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Endometriosis , Endometrio , Melatonina , Ratas Wistar , Femenino , Animales , Colchicina/farmacología , Colchicina/administración & dosificación , Endometriosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Endometriosis/patología , Melatonina/farmacología , Melatonina/administración & dosificación , Melatonina/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Endometrio/efectos de los fármacos , Endometrio/patología , HumanosRESUMEN
Melatonin regulates defense responses in plants under environmental stress. This study aimed to explore the impact of exogenous melatonin on the phenotype and physiology of 'BM1' pumpkin seedlings subjected to waterlogging stress. Waterlogging stress was induced following foliar spraying of melatonin at various concentrations (CK, 0, 10, 100, 200, and 300 µmol·L-1). The growth parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmoregulatory substance levels, and other physiological indicators were assessed to elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying the role of exogenous melatonin in mitigating waterlogging stress in pumpkin seedlings. The results indicate that pumpkin seedlings exhibit waterlogging symptoms, such as leaf wilting, water loss, edge chlorosis, and fading, under waterlogging stress conditions. Various growth indicators of the seedlings, including plant height, stem diameter, root length, fresh and dry weight, and leaf chlorophyll content, were significantly reduced. Moreover, the MDA content in leaves and roots increased significantly, along with elevated activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and soluble protein contents. When different concentrations of melatonin were sprayed on the leaves post waterlogging stress treatment, pumpkin seedlings showed varying degrees of recovery, with the 100 µmol·L-1 treatment displaying the best growth status and plant morphological phenotypes. There were no significant differences compared to the control group. Seedling growth indicators, chlorophyll content, root activity, antioxidant enzyme activities, soluble protein content, and osmotic adjustment substance content all increased to varying degrees with increasing melatonin concentration, peaking at 100 µmol·L-1. Melatonin also reduced membrane damage caused by oxidative stress and alleviated osmotic imbalance. Exogenous melatonin enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and systems involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species, with 100 µmol·L-1 as the optimal concentration. These findings underscore the crucial role of exogenous melatonin in alleviating waterlogging stress in pumpkins. The findings of this study offer a theoretical framework and technical assistance for cultivating waterlogging-resistant pumpkins in practical settings. Additionally, it establishes a theoretical groundwork for the molecular breeding of pumpkins with increased tolerance to waterlogging.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Cucurbita , Melatonina , Plantones , Estrés Fisiológico , Melatonina/farmacología , Melatonina/administración & dosificación , Plantones/efectos de los fármacos , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Cucurbita/efectos de los fármacos , Cucurbita/crecimiento & desarrollo , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Agua/metabolismoRESUMEN
Melatonin is a relic, due to its millions-of-years-old presence in chemical reactions, found in evolutionarily diverse organisms. It has a multidirectional biological function. It controls diurnal rhythms, redox homeostasis, intestinal motor functions, mitochondrial biogenesis and fetal development and has antioxidant effects. It also has analgesic and therapeutic effects. The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of melatonin in vital processes occurring in interaction with the environment, with particular reference to various magnetic fields ubiquitous in the life of animate matter, especially radio frequency/extra low frequency (RF/ELF EMF) and static magnetic fields. The most important part of this article is to describe the potential effects of magnetic fields on melatonin secretion and the resulting possible health effects. Melatonin in some cases positively amplifies the electromagnetic signal, intensifying health effects, such as neurogenesis, analgesic effects or lowering blood pressure. In other cases, it is a stimulus that inhibits the processes of destruction and aggravation of lesions. Sometimes, however, in contrast to the beneficial effects of electromagnetic fields in therapy, they intensify pathogenic effects, as in multiple sclerosis by intensifying the inflammatory process.
Asunto(s)
Campos Magnéticos , Melatonina , Melatonina/metabolismo , Melatonina/farmacología , Humanos , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Campos Electromagnéticos , Ritmo Circadiano/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Melatonin, an endogenous indolamine derived from tryptophan, is primarily synthesized by the pineal gland in mammals and regulated by a complex neural system. Its release follows a circadian rhythm, which is crucial for regulating physiological processes in response to light-dark cycles in both humans and animals. In this review, we report that the presence of this hormone in bovine milk, with significant differences in concentration between daytime and nighttime milking, has increased interest in milk as a natural source of bioactive molecules. Melatonin lowers cortisol levels at night, reduces body temperature and blood pressure, coinciding with decreased alertness and performance, acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, modulates the immune system, offers neuroprotective benefits, and supports gastrointestinal health by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress in dairy cows. Many factors influence the release of melatonin, such as the intensity of artificial lighting during nighttime milking, the frequency of milkings, milk yield, and genetic differences between animals. Nocturnal milking under low-intensity light boosts melatonin, potentially reducing oxidative damage and mastitis risk. Additionally, ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment does not significantly affect the melatonin content in milk. However, further research on its stability during milk processing and storage is crucial for ensuring product efficacy. In some countries, nighttime milk with naturally elevated melatonin content is already commercialized as a natural aid for sleep. Thus, naturally melatonin-rich milk may be a promising alternative to synthetic supplements for promoting better sleep and overall well-being.
Asunto(s)
Melatonina , Leche , Melatonina/metabolismo , Melatonina/farmacología , Animales , Leche/química , Leche/metabolismo , Bovinos , Ritmo Circadiano , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Humanos , Femenino , Péptidos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that causes chronic high blood sugar levels, and diabetic patients are more susceptible to infections. American cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by a parasite that affects the skin and mucous membranes, leading to one or multiple ulcerative lesions. Chronic inflammation and functional changes in various organs and systems, including the immune system, are the primary causes of both diseases. Melatonin, an essential immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective agent, can benefit many immunological processes and infectious diseases, including leishmaniasis. Although, limited reports are available on diabetic patients with leishmaniasis. The literature suggests that melatonin may play a promising role in inflammatory disorders. This study was designed to assess melatonin levels and inflammatory mediators in diabetic patients affected by leishmaniasis. Blood samples from 25 individuals were analyzed and divided into four groups: a control group (without any diseases), a Leishmania-positive group, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients with a combination of both diseases. This study measured the serum levels of melatonin through ELISA, while IL-4 and TNF-α were measured using flow cytometry, and C-reactive protein was measured through turbidimetry. This study found that patients with leishmaniasis significantly increased TNF-α and decreased melatonin levels. However, the group of diabetic patients with leishmaniasis showed higher melatonin levels than the control group. These observations suggest that TNF-α may influence melatonin production in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis, potentially contributing to the inflammatory characteristics of both diseases.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hiperglucemia , Inflamación , Melatonina , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Melatonina/sangre , Melatonina/metabolismo , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/inmunología , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hiperglucemia/metabolismo , Hiperglucemia/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/sangre , Adulto , Interleucina-4/sangre , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/sangre , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/parasitología , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Leishmaniasis/sangre , Leishmaniasis/inmunología , Leishmaniasis/metabolismo , Leishmaniasis/parasitología , AncianoRESUMEN
Addressing insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia might offer a viable treatment approach to stop the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy, as these conditions independently predispose to the development of the disease, which is initially characterized by diastolic abnormalities. The development of diabetic cardiomyopathy appears to be driven mainly by insulin resistance or impaired insulin signalling and/or hyperinsulinemia. Oxidative stress, hypertrophy, fibrosis, cardiac diastolic dysfunction, and, ultimately, systolic heart failure are the outcomes of these pathophysiological alterations. Melatonin is a ubiquitous indoleamine, a widely distributed compound secreted mainly by the pineal gland, and serves a variety of purposes in almost every living creature. Melatonin is found to play a leading role by improving myocardial cell metabolism, decreasing vascular endothelial cell death, reversing micro-circulation disorders, reducing myocardial fibrosis, decreasing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulating cell autophagy and apoptosis, and enhancing mitochondrial function. This review highlights a relationship between insulin resistance and associated cardiomyopathy. It explores the potential therapeutic strategies offered by the neurohormone melatonin, an important antioxidant that plays a leading role in maintaining glucose homeostasis by influencing the glucose transporters independently and through its receptors. The vast distribution of melatonin receptors in the body, including beta cells of pancreatic islets, asserts the role of this indole molecule in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Melatonin controls the production of GLUT4 and/or the phosphorylation process of the receptor for insulin and its intracellular substrates, activating the insulin-signalling pathway through its G-protein-coupled membrane receptors.
Asunto(s)
Cardiomiopatías Diabéticas , Resistencia a la Insulina , Melatonina , Melatonina/metabolismo , Melatonina/uso terapéutico , Melatonina/farmacología , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Humanos , Cardiomiopatías Diabéticas/metabolismo , Cardiomiopatías Diabéticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Cardiomiopatías Diabéticas/patología , Animales , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Despite efforts to elucidate the cellular adaptations induced by obesity, cellular bioenergetics is currently considered a crucial target. New strategies to delay the onset of the hazardous adaptations induced by obesity are needed. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of 4 weeks of melatonin treatment on mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism in the livers of leptin-deficient mice. Our results revealed that the absence of leptin increased lipid storage in the liver and induced significant mitochondrial alterations, which were ultimately responsible for defective ATP production and reactive oxygen species overproduction. Moreover, leptin deficiency promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, and outer membrane permeabilization. Melatonin treatment reduced the bioenergetic deficit found in ob/ob mice, alleviating some mitochondrial alterations in the electron transport chain machinery, biogenesis, dynamics, respiration, ATP production, and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Given the role of melatonin in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, it could be used as a therapeutic agent against adipogenic steatosis.
Asunto(s)
Leptina , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Melatonina , Mitocondrias Hepáticas , Animales , Melatonina/farmacología , Leptina/metabolismo , Leptina/deficiencia , Ratones , Mitocondrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Mitocondrias Hepáticas/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones NoqueadosRESUMEN
Melatonin, noted for its anti-cancer properties in various malignancies, including cutaneous melanoma, shows promise in Uveal melanoma (UM) treatment. This study aimed to evaluate melatonin receptor expression in primary UM and its association with UM-related mortality and prognostic factors. Immunohistochemical analysis of 47 primary UM tissues showed low expression of melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) and melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B), with MTNR1A significantly higher in patients who succumbed to UM. Analysis of TCGA data from 80 UM patients revealed RNA expression for MTNR1A, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα), and N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO2), but not MTNR1B or G protein-coupled receptor 50 (GPR50). Higher MTNR1A RNA levels were observed in patients with a BRCA1 Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) mutation, and higher NQO2 RNA levels were noted in patients with the epithelioid tumor cell type. However, Kaplan-Meier analysis did not show distinct survival probabilities based on receptor expression. This study concludes that UM clinical samples express melatonin receptors, suggesting a potential mechanism for melatonin's anti-cancer effects. Despite finding higher MTNR1A expression in patients who died of UM, no survival differences were observed.