RESUMEN

Malignant melanoma is considered the most aggressive skin cancer due to its rapid evolution and risk of metastasizing. Early diagnosis and treatment can save the patient's life, and the biological factors of each melanoma subtype must be studied for better patient management. Currently, it is known that nodular subtype melanoma is the most aggressive due to its rapid vertical evolution, with a minor epidermal component but an important dermal component, which increases the risk of lymph node and hematogenous metastasis. Clinical, histopathological, dermoscopic and biological characteristics can help with the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of these patients

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/patología , Melanoma/prevención & control , Melanoma/epidemiología

RESUMEN

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer. Since diagnosis is visual, it is critical to evaluate if students acquire enough knowledge for early detection during medical school. To assess the melanoma knowledge of first-year (freshman) and sixth-year (senior) medical students, in a Brazilian Institution. It was a transversal and quantitative study. A questionnaire with sociodemographic data, knowledge about melanoma, and the habit of skin self-exam was filled out by medical students. A total of 128 first-year and 122 seniors students were included. All the sixth-year students knew melanoma as a skin cancer compared with 46.09% of the first-year students. Melanoma clinical characteristics were known by 30.51% of the freshman and 97.54% of seniors. However, they did not know the most usual site of melanoma occurrence (79.66% of first-year students and 24.59% of senior). About the skin self-exam, only 50% of first-year students and 53.28% of senior had the habit of doing it sometimes. Medical school was effective in providing knowledge about melanoma and its features. However, this was not reflected in an increase in the number of students that did the skin self-exam, which indicates the need for new approaches in teaching.

Asunto(s)

Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Estudiantes de Medicina , Brasil , Humanos , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/prevención & control , Facultades de Medicina , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

Skin cancer is usually classified into melanoma (SCM) and non-melanoma (SCNM), with different cell origins; being the SCM responsible for the highest mortality. In Chile, an incidence (2008) of 434 new cases is estimated, obtaining a standardized rate of 2.2 cases per 100,000 habitants. There are multiple associated risk factors, the main ones being exposure to UV radiation and sunburn. The strategies to prevent this pathology fall on these same factors. The clinical evaluation of the lesions with ABCD mnemonics added to the use of dermoscopy increases the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity; however, the definitive confirmation is through biopsy, which must include the necessary parameters to define prognosis of disease. The definitive treatment is Surgical. There are alternatives such as the use of the sentinel lymph node to define lymph node dissections. Regarding systemic therapies, the use of immunotherapy has shown results that improve survival in these patients.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/terapia , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Melanoma/prevención & control , Melanoma/diagnóstico por imagen

Asunto(s)

Metformina/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Radiodermatitis/prevención & control , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Aldehídos/metabolismo , Animales , Carcinogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinogénesis/inmunología , Carcinogénesis/efectos de la radiación , Daño del ADN/inmunología , Daño del ADN/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Humanos , Melanoma/etiología , Melanoma/patología , Melanoma/prevención & control , Metformina/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Estrés Oxidativo/genética , Estrés Oxidativo/inmunología , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/inmunología , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/patología , Radiodermatitis/inmunología , Radiodermatitis/patología , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/inmunología , Piel/patología , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Tirosina/análogos & derivados , Tirosina/metabolismo , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos

RESUMEN

Os inibidores de BRAF (iBRAFs) e de MEK (iMEK), inauguraram uma nova classe de medicamentos, a terapia direcionada, no combate ao melanoma metastático. Entretanto, os pacientes adquirem resistência ao tratamento em poucos meses. Além disso, a imunoterapia vem ganhando espaço no tratamento do câncer, incluindo o melanoma, porém, com alguns aspectos inexplorados. Dentro deste tema, a enzima IDO vem despertando um grande interesse pela participação nos mecanismos de imunotolerância, imunoescape e progressão tumoral. A IDO é responsável pelo consumo e depleção do triptofano, produzindo a quinurenina. Ela está presente em diversos tipos celulares, incluindo células do sistema imune e células tumorais. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a expressão de IDO durante a progressão da doença - desde do nevo até o melanoma metastático e também avaliar a regulação de IDO induzido por IFN-γ após tratamento com iBRAF em linhagens parentais e resistentes ao iBRAF, buscando-se os mecanismos moleculares. Por fim, objetivou-se entender os efeitos do 1-metil-triptofano (1-MT), um inibidor de IDO, tanto na sua capacidade de inibir a atividade de IDO quanto na sua influência na capacidade clonogênica. O estudo de bioinformática sobre o repositório público GSE12391 mostrou que o nível de expressão gênica de IDO foi superior nos estágios mais avançado da doença. Além disso, todas amostras de melanoma primário de pacientes apresentaram a imunomarcação de IDO, enquanto que nenhuma amostra de nevo apresentou tal marcação. Adicionalmente, a ocorrência de IDO se deu nos infiltrados linfoides, em células mononucleares do sistema imune. Duas análises de bioinformática de expressão gênica demonstraram que a IDO estava expressa positivamente na fase de resistência ao iBRAF. Ademais, os resultados de expressão proteica mostraram que a inibição de via MAPK (tanto por iBRAF quanto por iMEK) conseguiu modular a expressão de IDO, sendo que a maioria das linhagens apresentou uma diminuição de IDO. A atividade de IDO, medida através da produção de quinurenina, por HPLC se mostrou em consonância com os resultados de expressão proteica, exceto pela linhagem WM164 que não apresentou atividade enzimática, embora a proteína estivesse presente. Por fim, o 1-MT conseguiu inibir de maneira eficiente a enzima IDO, bloqueando a produção de quinurenina. Além de que, o 1-MT reduziu a capacidade clonogênica de maneira dose-dependente. Portanto, conclui-se que a expressão de IDO é crescente conforme a progressão do melanoma, que a inibição da via MAPK regulou a expressão de IDO e que o 1-MT reduz a capacidade clonogênica, além da sua função primária de inibir IDO

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BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi and MEKi) has launched a new class of medication, the target therapy, to combat metastatic melanoma. Nevertheless, patients acquired resistance to the treatment in few months. Additionally, immunotherapy has been gaining space in cancer treatment, including melanoma, but some aspects need to be explored. Inside this theme, IDO enzyme has called the attention due to its participation in the mechanisms of immune tolerance, scape and tumor progression. IDO is responsible for tryptophan consume e depletion, producing kynurenine. It is present in different cells, including cells from immune system and tumor cells. This work purposed evaluate IDO expression during disease progression - since nevus until metastatic melanoma and also, evaluate IFN-γ-induced IDO regulation after BRAFi treatment in parental and resistant melanoma cell lines, seeking the molecular mechanisms. Lastly, it was evaluated the effects of 1-methyltryptopahn (1-MT), an IDO inhibitor, by its ability to inhibit IDO and also by its influency on the clonogenic capability. Bioinformatic study performed on GSE12391 showed that gene expression level of IDO was superior in the most advanced stages of the disease. Additionally, all sample of patient's primary melanoma presented IDO immunostaining, whereas, no nevus samples presented such staining. Besides, IDO occurrence was in the lymphoid infiltrates, in mononuclear cells from immune system. Two bioinformatic analysis of gene expression demonstrated that IDO was differentially overexpressed during BRAFi resistance stage. Moreover, protein expression results presented that MAPK pathway inhibition (both by BRAFi and by MEKy) was able to modulate IDO expression, and most of the cell lines presented an IDO downregulation. IDO activity, measured through kynurenine production, by HPLC was consonant with protein expression results, except by WM164 cell line, which did not present enzymatic activity, albeit the protein was present. By the end, 1-MT could inhibit efficiently IDO enzyme, blocking kynurenine production. Furthermore, 1-MT reduced clonogenic capability in a dosedependent manner. Therefore, it was concluded that IDO expression increases along with melanoma progression, MAPK pathway inhibition regulated IDO expression and 1-MT reduced clonogenic capability, besides its primary function of IDO inhibitor

Asunto(s)

Progresión de la Enfermedad , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenasa/análisis , Melanoma/prevención & control , Biología Computacional/instrumentación , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/análisis

RESUMEN

CD4+ T cells are major players in the immune response against several diseases; including AIDS, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, influenza and cancer. Their activation has been successfully achieved by administering antigen coupled with antibodies, against DC-specific receptors in combination with adjuvants. Unfortunately, most of the adjuvants used so far in experimental models are unsuitable for human use. Therefore, human DC-targeted vaccination awaits the description of potent, yet nontoxic adjuvants. The nontoxic cholera B subunit (CTB) can be safely used in humans and it has the potential to activate CD4+ T cell responses. However, it remains unclear whether CTB can promote DC activation and can act as an adjuvant for DC-targeted antigens. Here, we evaluated the CTB's capacity to activate DCs and CD4+ T cell responses, and to generate long-lasting protective immunity. Intradermal (i.d.) administration of CTB promoted late and prolonged activation and accumulation of skin and lymphoid-resident DCs. When CTB was co-administered with anti-DEC205-OVA, it promoted CD4+ T cell expansion, differentiation, and infiltration to peripheral nonlymphoid tissues, i.e., the skin, lungs and intestine. Indeed, CTB promoted a polyfunctional CD4+ T cell response, including the priming of Th1 and Th17 cells, as well as resident memory T (RM) cell differentiation in peripheral nonlymphoid tissues. It is worth noting that CTB together with a DC-targeted antigen promoted local and systemic protection against experimental melanoma and murine rotavirus. We conclude that CTB administered i.d. can be used as an adjuvant to DC-targeted antigens for the induction of broad CD4+ T cell responses as well as for promoting long-lasting protective immunity.

Asunto(s)

Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Toxina del Cólera/administración & dosificación , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Lectinas Tipo C/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Superficie Celular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Vacunación/métodos , Animales , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Línea Celular Tumoral/trasplante , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intradérmicas , Lectinas Tipo C/inmunología , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Masculino , Melanoma/inmunología , Melanoma/prevención & control , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Menor/inmunología , Receptores de Superficie Celular/inmunología , Rotavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virología , Células TH1/inmunología , Células Th17/inmunología , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

La dermatoscopia digital es una herramienta que permite el diagnóstico de melanomas en estadios tempranos, por medio del seguimiento de las lesiones pigmentarias a largo plazo. Se comunican tres casos de pacientes con alto riesgo de melanoma, en los cuales ‒a través del seguimiento con dermatoscopia digital‒ se realizó el diagnóstico de la enfermedad mediante la detección de cambios morfológicos, arquitecturales y de pigmentación de las lesiones estudiadas. (AU)

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Digital dermoscopy is a tool that allows the early diagnosis of melanomas, through the long-term follow up of pigmentary skin lesions. We report three cases of patients with high-risk of melanoma, in which the diagnosis had been made by morphological, arquitectural and pigmentary changes observed by the digital dermoscopy follow-up. (AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dermoscopía/tendencias , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Nevo Pigmentado/patología , Factores de Riesgo , Dermoscopía/instrumentación , Dermoscopía/métodos , Melanoma/prevención & control , Melanoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Nevo Pigmentado/cirugía , Nevo Pigmentado/etiología , Nevo Pigmentado/fisiopatología

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of melanoma is increasing faster than any other major cancer both in Brazil and worldwide. The Southeast of Brazil has especially high incidences of melanoma, and early detection is low. Exposure to UV radiation represents a primary risk factor for developing melanoma. Increasing attractiveness is a major motivation for adolescents for tanning. A medical student-delivered intervention that harnesses the broad availability of mobile phones as well as adolescents' interest in their appearance may represent a novel method to improve skin cancer prevention. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We developed a free mobile app (Sunface), which will be implemented in at least 30 secondary school classes, each with 21 students (at least 30 classes with 21 students for control) in February 2018 in Southeast Brazil via a novel method called mirroring. In a 45 min classroom seminar, the students' altered three-dimensional selfies on tablets are 'mirrored' via a projector in front of their entire class, showing the effects of unprotected UV exposure on their future faces. External block randomisation via computer is performed on the class level with a 1:1 allocation. Sociodemographic data, as well as skin type, ancestry, UV protection behaviour and its predictors are measured via a paper-pencil questionnaire before as well as at 3 and 6 months postintervention. The primary end point is the group difference in the 30-day prevalence of daily sunscreen use at a 6-month follow-up. Secondary end points include (1) the difference in daily sunscreen use at a 3-month follow-up, (2) if a self-skin examination in accordance with the ABCDE rule was performed within the 6-month follow-up and (3) the number of tanning sessions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the University of Itauna. Results will be disseminated at conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03178240; Pre-results.

Asunto(s)

Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Melanoma/prevención & control , Aplicaciones Móviles , Motivación , Servicios de Salud Escolar , Estudiantes , Protectores Solares/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Brasil , Teléfono Celular , Cara/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/etiología , Apariencia Física , Proyectos de Investigación , Instituciones Académicas , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Estudiantes de Medicina , Baño de Sol , Protectores Solares/uso terapéutico , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Telemedicina/métodos

RESUMEN

Embora o melanoma represente apenas 4% das neoplasias malignas da pele, é considerado a mais grave por ser altamente etal. Em virtude da via MAPK (Mitogen activated protein kinase) estar intimamente ligada ao descontrole da proliferação celular, especialmente em melanoma, esta via se tornou um alvo para o desenvolvimento de terapias direcionadas a oncogenes, como os potentes quimioterápicos Vemurafenibe (inibidor da mutação V600E em BRAF - BRAFV600E) e Trametinibe (inibidor de MEK). Cada vez mais, melhores taxas de respostas vêm sendo alcançadas com os novos medicamentos, porém a maioria dos pacientes está sujeita a recidivas após 7 meses de tratamento devido ao desenvolvimento de quimioresistência, justificando a constante busca por novos compostos terapêuticos. Dados de nosso laboratório indicam que 4-nerolidilcatecol (4-NC) induz aumento na expressão de p53, produção de ROS e dano ao DNA, culminando em apoptose dependente de caspase-3 em células de melanoma por ser um inibidor proteassomal. Além disto, o 4-nerolidilcatecol (4- NC) demonstrou efeito inibitório na proliferação de células de melanoma em modelo de cultura organotípica de pele. Desta forma, este projeto visa avaliar a possibilidade de superação da quimioresistência aos inibidores de BRAF e de MEK, utilizando terapias combinatórias com 4-NC em células de melanoma humano resistentes a estes inibidores. Primeiramente, linhagens celulares de melanoma resistentes aos inibidores de BRAF (R) e BRAF/MEK (DR) foram geradas a partir de células parentais BRAF mutadas (P) e caracterizadas por MTT, microscopia de fluorescência e western blotting. Estas células foram submetidas ao tratamento com 4-NC que apresentou citotoxicidade na concentração de 30µM, inibição de formação de colônias e diminuição na invasão em modelos in vitro de culturas 2D e 3D em todas as linhagens estudadas (P, R e DR). O 4-NC foi ainda capaz de induzir estresse de retículo endoplasmático com indução de apoptose. Visando a explorar o efeito terapêutico in vivo do 4-NC, outro estudo foi conduzido em animais submetidos a enxerto xenográfico com células parentais de melanoma NRAS mutadas. Após desenvolvimento do tumor, os animais foram tratados 3 vezes por semana durante 3 semanas com 4-NC (10 mg/kg) por via i.p. O 4-NC foi capaz de inibir em até 4 vezes o crescimento dos tumores xenográficos (4/10) quando comparado com os controles, com remissão completa do tumor em um animal. A expressão de p53 e PARP clivada foi aumentada nos tumores dos animais tratados, sugerindo apoptose. A expressão gênica de MMP2 e MMP14 estava diminuída nas mesmas amostras, demonstrando o papel do 4-NC na inibição da invasão do melanoma in vivo. Finalmente, a toxicidade sistêmica do 4-NC foi avaliada nas mesmas doses empregadas no ensaio in vivo de tumorigênese. A baixa toxicidade observada nos ensaios toxicológicos com tratamentos sub-crônicos com 4-NC e a citotoxicidade demonstrada em modelos xenográficos nos leva a considerar este composto como promissor para estudos futuros e sua aplicação no tratamento do melanoma cutâneo humano, incluindo pacientes resistentes aos inibidores de BRAF e MEK

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Melanoma accounts for only 4% of malignant neoplasms of the skin, but is considered the most serious because it is highly deadly. Because the MAPK (Mitogen activated protein kinase) pathway is closely linked to the lack of control of cell proliferation, especially in melanoma, this pathway has become a target for the development of oncogene-targeted therapies, such as the potent chemotherapeutic agents Vemurafenib (V600E mutation inhibitor in BRAF - BRAFV600E) and Trametinib (MEK inhibitor). Increasingly, better response rates have been achieved with the new drugs, but most patients are subject to relapses after 7 months of treatment due to several mechanisms, which justify the constant search for new therapeutic compounds. Data from our laboratory indicate that 4-nerolidylcatechol (4-NC) induces increased p53 expression, ROS production and DNA damage, culminating in caspase-3 dependent apoptosis in melanoma cells. The 4-NC compound demonstrated an inhibitory effect on melanoma cell proliferation in an organotypic skin culture model. Thus, this project aims to evaluate the possibility of overcoming the existing chemoresistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors, using 4-NC combinatory therapies in human melanoma cells resistant to these inhibitors. Firstly, melanoma cell lines resistant to BRAF (R) and BRAF / MEK (DR) inhibitors were generated from naive cells mutated BRAF (N) and characterized by MTT, fluorescence microscopy and western blotting. These cells were submitted to 4-NC treatment that showed cytotoxicity with 30 µM, inhibition of colony formation and decrease in invasion in 2D and 3D in vitro models in all cell line studied (N, R and DR). Furthermore, 4-NC was able to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress with apoptosis induction. In order to explore the in vivo therapeutic effect of 4-NC, an additional study was conducted using xenograft model with NRAS-mutated melanoma cell line. After tumor development, the animals were treated 3 times per week for 3 weeks with 4-NC (10 mg / kg) by i.p. injection. 4-NC was able to inhibit up to 4- fold the growth of xenograft tumors (4/10) when compared to controls, with complete tumor remission in one animal. Cleaved PARP and p53 expression were increased in the tumors of treated animals, suggesting apoptosis. MMP2 and MMP14 gene expression were decreased in the same samples, demonstrating the role of 4-NC in inhibiting melanoma invasion in vivo. Finally, the systemic toxicity of 4-NC was evaluated at the same doses employed in the in vivo tumorigenesis assay. The low toxicity observed in the toxicological assays with sub-chronic 4- NC treatments and the demonstrated cytotoxicity in xenograft models leads us to consider this compound as promising for future studies and its application in the treatment of cutaneous human melanoma, including patients resistants to BRAF and MEK inhibitors

Asunto(s)

Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Ratones , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf , Melanoma/prevención & control , Western Blotting , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente/métodos , Terapia Combinada/métodos

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of MSCs on melanoma proliferation. METHODS: The inhibitory effect of MSCs on melanoma A375 cells was detected by co-culture and conditioned medium (CM) experiments using MTT method. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Then, Western Blot experiment detected the expression of proteins related to NF-κB signaling in A375 cells. The expression of IL-1Ra in MSCs was proved by RT-PCR. The over-expression and silencing vector pcDNA3.1-EGFP-IL-1Ra and pGPH1-IL-1R were constructed and transfected into MSCs cells. After that, the changes of inhibitory effect and cell cycle from MSCs-S and MSCs-O CM on A375 cells were explored. The expression of proteins related to NF-κB signaling in A375 cells after MSCs-S or MSCs-O CM treatment was detected by Western Blot. MSCs, MSCs-S, or MSCs-O and A375 cells were co-injected into nude mice under the arms, the growth of tumor was observed, the frozen sections were made, and H&E staining of tumor tissue was performed. RESULTS: The proliferation of A375 cells was inhibited and the cell cycle of A375 was arrested by MSCs. The expressions of cytokines related to NF-κB signaling were down-regulated. Over-expression and silence of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), specifically blocking activation of NF-κB signaling, indicated that inhibitory effect from MSCs was enhanced or weakened respectively, which suggested that IL-1Ra was involved in the inhibitory effect. In vivo, tumor initiation and growth were significantly inhibited when A375 cells were co-injected with MSCs into nude mice, which were related to the expression level of IL-1Ra. CONCLUSION: MSCs could inhibit the proliferation and tumor initiation of melanoma A375 cells through NF-κB signaling. MSCs could secret IL-1Ra and inhibit expressions of NF-κB signaling-related factors of tumor cells, and cause cell cycle arrest in G1 phase.

Asunto(s)

Ciclo Celular , Proliferación Celular , Melanoma/prevención & control , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Animales , Apoptosis , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Femenino , Humanos , Melanoma/patología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND:: The incidence of skin cancer has increased worldwide, particularly melanoma rates, which had a mean development of 2.6 % a year in the last 10 years. The agreement on the relation between long-term or chronic exposure to the sun and the emergence of these neoplasias has made several workers who perform activities exposed to solar radiation to form a risk group for the development of skin cancer, community health agents included. OBJECTIVES:: To analyze the prevalence of sunscreen-use-related factors to skin cancer in a labor risk group. METHODOLOGY:: Cross-sectional study with community health agents selected through simple random sampling. After collecting data using semi-structured interviews, a descriptive analysis was performed for the qualitative variables, bivariate analysis was employed for checking the association between sunscreen use and sociodemographic, occupational and knowledge about skin variables, and multivariate analysis was conducted to check independent variables associated to sunscreen use. A 5% significance level was used. RESULTS:: Of 261 health gents selected, 243 were able to participate in the study. The prevalence rate of sunscreen use was 34.2% (95% CI: 28.2-40.2). Factors associated with sunscreen use were female sex, advanced age, use of sunscreen in situations when the skin got burnt, knowledge of the negative effects of the sun on the skin and skin cancer history. CONCLUSIONS:: The prevalence found reveals that there is a need for implementing educational strategies in health services regarding photoprotection.

Asunto(s)

Melanoma/epidemiología , Melanoma/prevención & control , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Protectores Solares/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Brasil/epidemiología , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/prevención & control , Factores Sexuales , Luz Solar/efectos adversos , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Abstract: Background: The incidence of skin cancer has increased worldwide, particularly melanoma rates, which had a mean development of 2.6 % a year in the last 10 years. The agreement on the relation between long-term or chronic exposure to the sun and the emergence of these neoplasias has made several workers who perform activities exposed to solar radiation to form a risk group for the development of skin cancer, community health agents included. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of sunscreen-use-related factors to skin cancer in a labor risk group. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study with community health agents selected through simple random sampling. After collecting data using semi-structured interviews, a descriptive analysis was performed for the qualitative variables, bivariate analysis was employed for checking the association between sunscreen use and sociodemographic, occupational and knowledge about skin variables, and multivariate analysis was conducted to check independent variables associated to sunscreen use. A 5% significance level was used. Results: Of 261 health gents selected, 243 were able to participate in the study. The prevalence rate of sunscreen use was 34.2% (95% CI: 28.2-40.2). Factors associated with sunscreen use were female sex, advanced age, use of sunscreen in situations when the skin got burnt, knowledge of the negative effects of the sun on the skin and skin cancer history. Conclusions: The prevalence found reveals that there is a need for implementing educational strategies in health services regarding photoprotection.

Asunto(s)

Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Protectores Solares/uso terapéutico , Melanoma/prevención & control , Melanoma/epidemiología , Luz Solar/efectos adversos , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Brasil/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Factores de Edad , Personal de Salud , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación

RESUMEN

Background: Melanoma is a metastatic type of skin cancer that is difficult to treat and the majority of efforts are directed to the design of new drugs. Medicinal Plants have been the primary source of medicines since life on earth; more than 50% of existing cancer treatments is derived from plants. Bauhinia variegata is well-known medicinal plant used from the ancient era to till date for their medicinal values. Scientific literatures have not documented any evidence of the antitumour potential of Bauhinia variegata against B16F10 melanoma tumor model in C57BL mice. The present investigation was undertaken to explore the antitumour activity of Leaf, stem bark and flower extract of Bauhinia variegata against B16F10 melanoma tumour model in C57BL mice. Methods: Hydro-methanolic extract prepared from the leaf, stem bark and flower of Bauhinia variegata were assessed for their antitumor activity. The extracts at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg b.wt. were given orally along with cyclophosphamide (chemotherapeutic drug) for 40 days for exploring antitumor activity against melanoma tumor (B16F10) in C57BL mice. Inhibition of tumor growth, increase in survival time of animal with treatment, histopathological studies and antioxidant parameter were determined. Results: The Present investigation showed significant effect of the B. variegata L. in preventing melanoma tumor by B16F10 cell line in C57BL/6 mice. As compared with the tumour control group, the remarkable results especially in the group which received B. variegata extract and cyclophosphamide together were obtained for all of the measured parameters. Dose dependent response was observed in tumor volume, inhibition rate, life span time and antioxidant parameter of extracts. Combination treatment of cyclophosphamide and B. variegata extracts showed more pronounced effect. Conclusions: These findings suggest that B. variegata hydromethanolic extract may contain bioactive compounds of potential therapeutic significance which are relatively safe from toxic effects, and can compromise the medicinal use of this plant in folk medicine (US)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Quimioprevención , Bauhinia , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/prevención & control , Ratones

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological profile, risk factors in the workplace environment and prevention methods for professionals at risk of skin cancer. METHOD: A systematic review of articles on occupational skin cancer, published in the Lilacs, Scielo, Medline and Cochrane Library from January 1st, 2008, to December 31st, 2013, was performed. The search included the following terms: "neoplasias cutâneas" (DeCS), "exposição ocupacional" (DeCS), "epidemiologia" (DeCS) as well as the keyword "prevenção", and their equivalents in English. RESULTS: After analyzing the titles and summaries of articles, the search strategy resulted in 83 references, of which 22 articles met the eligibility criteria. DISCUSSION: We found that sun exposure is the main occupational risk factor for skin cancer, causing outdoor workers to be the most vulnerable to developing occupational skin cancer. Professionals with low levels of education and European descent are at increased risk of developing this cancer. CONCLUSION: Outdoor workers are more vulnerable to developing occupational skin cancer, estimating that professionals with low level of education and European descent are at increased risk of developing this cancer. Therefore, companies need to invest more in the health of workers by providing protective equipment and thus preventing occupational skin cancer.

Asunto(s)

Melanoma/prevención & control , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Exposición Profesional , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Escolaridad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/epidemiología , Melanoma/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiología , Luz Solar/efectos adversos , Lugar de Trabajo

RESUMEN

SUMMARY Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile, risk factors in the workplace environment and prevention methods for professionals at risk of skin cancer. Method: A systematic review of articles on occupational skin cancer, published in the Lilacs, Scielo, Medline and Cochrane Library from January 1st, 2008, to December 31st, 2013, was performed. The search included the following terms: “neoplasias cutâneas” (DeCS), “exposição ocupacional” (DeCS), “epidemiologia” (DeCS) as well as the keyword “prevenção”, and their equivalents in English. Results: After analyzing the titles and summaries of articles, the search strategy resulted in 83 references, of which 22 articles met the eligibility criteria. Discussion: We found that sun exposure is the main occupational risk factor for skin cancer, causing outdoor workers to be the most vulnerable to developing occupational skin cancer. Professionals with low levels of education and European descent are at increased risk of developing this cancer. Conclusion: Outdoor workers are more vulnerable to developing occupational skin cancer, estimating that professionals with low level of education and European descent are at increased risk of developing this cancer. Therefore, companies need to invest more in the health of workers by providing protective equipment and thus preventing occupational skin cancer.

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RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico, os fatores de risco no ambiente de trabalho e os métodos de prevenção dos profissionais de risco para câncer de pele. Método: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de artigos sobre o câncer de pele ocupacional, publicados entre 1 de janeiro de 2008 e 31 de dezembro de 2013, nas bases de dados Lilacs, Scielo, Medline e Biblioteca Cochrane. A pesquisa baseou-se na intersecção dos seguintes termos: “neoplasias cutâneas” (DeCS), “exposição ocupacional” (DeCS), “epidemiologia” (DeCS) e a palavra-chave “prevenção” e seus equivalentes em inglês. Resultados: após a análise dos títulos e resumos dos artigos, a estratégia de busca resultou em 83 referências, das quais 22 artigos preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. Discussão: a exposição solar é o principal fator de risco ocupacional para câncer de pele e os trabalhadores ao ar livre são os mais vulneráveis a desenvolvê-lo. Aqueles com baixo nível de escolaridade e ascendência europeia apresentam maior risco de desenvolver a neoplasia. Conclusão: os trabalhadores ao ar livre são mais vulneráveis a desenvolver câncer de pele ocupacional. Os profissionais com baixo nível de escolaridade e ascendência europeia apresentam maior risco de desenvolver a neoplasia. São necessários mais investimentos das empresas na saúde dos trabalhadores por meio de fornecimento de equipamentos de proteção, a fim de prevenir o câncer de pele ocupacional.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Exposición Profesional , Melanoma/prevención & control , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Luz Solar/efectos adversos , Factores de Riesgo , Lugar de Trabajo , Escolaridad , Melanoma/etiología , Melanoma/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: M1 is a homeopathic medicine with immunostimulatory properties used mainly by cancer patients to complement current therapies. Metastatic melanoma is a skin-originated form of cancer without a single therapy able to produce high rate and sustained responses, which attracts the use of complementary therapies such as M1. However, M1's anti-melanoma effects remain to be pre-clinically demonstrated. Therefore in the present work, we utilized a pulmonary metastatic melanoma model and a subcutaneous melanoma growth model to investigate the potential benefits of treatment with M1. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were injected intravenously or subcutaneously with B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. After 24 h, mice were treated with either M1 or vehicle (water) for 14 days, euthanized and harvested for multi-parameter pulmonary and tumor analyses. RESULTS: Mice treated with M1 had significantly lower tumor burden in the lungs and subcutaneous tissue than control mice. Furthermore, tumors were impaired in proliferation and tumor related angiogenesis by the inhibition of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) positive for angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). CONCLUSION: Altogether these data suggest M1 is an efficient candidate for melanoma therapy to be considered for future clinic studies as this study is the first supporting the idea that melanoma patients may benefit with the treatment. The treatment with M1 provides advantages considering the highly-diluted properties and a cost effective alternative to costly chemotherapeutic approaches with, if any, lower toxicity.

Asunto(s)

Homeopatía/métodos , Materia Medica/uso terapéutico , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma/prevención & control , Terapia Respiratoria/métodos , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL

RESUMEN

Vitamin D (VD) is a secosteroid hormone that is mainly synthesized in the skin upon exposure to UVB radiation. VD is widely known for its role in calcium metabolism; however, multiple endocrine, paracrine and autocrine functions of VD have been described, including a prominent role on carcinogenesis. In recent years, multiple associations between VD deficiency and different types of cancer have been described, supported by evidence of anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic, cell-differentiating and anti-invasive effects of this hormone. An immunomodulatory role of VD associated to cancer microenvironment has also been suggested. Regarding skin cancer, it has been shown that VD inhibits tumor development in basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma in vitro. Some studies have suggested that lower VD levels may be a risk factor for skin cancer, while others have shown the opposite; there is also preliminary evidence on the role of VD supplementation for the prevention of melanoma in vivo. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of VD effects on carcinogenesis and the available scientific evidence of the interplay between VD and the genesis of both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer. (AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Vitamina D/efectos adversos , Carcinoma Basocelular/prevención & control , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/prevención & control , Prevención de Enfermedades , Carcinogénesis , Melanoma/prevención & control

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the distribution of larger diameter in the pathological report of cutaneous melanoma patients. Methods Data were obtained from patients seen from 1994 to 2015. Date, sex, age, maximum diameter, histological subtype, primary site, microscopic thickness, mitoses, ulceration, vertical growth phase, and regression were the variables studied. This study was approved by the National Ethics Committee - Brazil Platform. Patients were grouped into smaller diameter (≤6mm) and larger diameter (>6mm). The statistical analysis used the χ2test (p<0.05). Results Of the 292 patients analyzed, 123 were seen between 1994 and 2004, and 169 between 2005 and 2015; in that, 151 women and 141 men, mean age of 52 years. The diameters ranged from 2 to 76mm (mean of 14mm), 81 patients with smaller diameter (≤6mm) and 211 with larger diameter (>6mm). Out of 81 patients with smaller diameter, 29 had invasive melanoma, while 179 of the 211 with larger diameter were invasive. A difference was observed in frequency of vertical growth phase. Conclusion Pigmented skin lesions with diameter smaller than 6mm should not be an excluding factor for biopsies, especially when patients present risk of developing skin cancer.

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RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a distribuição do maior diâmetro reportado no laudo histopatológico de portadores de melanoma cutâneo. Métodos Os dados foram obtidos de pacientes atendidos de 1994 a 2015. Data, sexo, idade, diâmetro máximo, subtipo histopatológico, sítio primário, espessura microscópica, mitoses, ulceração, fase de crescimento e regressão foram as variáveis estudadas. O estudo foi aprovado pela Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa na Plataforma Brasil. Os pacientes foram agrupados em diâmetro menor (≤6mm) e maior (>6mm). Análise estatística utilizou o teste χ2 (p<0,05). Resultados Dos 292 pacientes analisados, 123 foram atendidos entre 1994 e 2004, e 169 entre 2005 e 2015, sendo 151 mulheres e 141 homens, com média de idade de 52 anos. Os diâmetros variaram de 2 a 76mm (média de 14mm), sendo 81 pacientes com diâmetro menor que 6mm e 211 com diâmetro maior. Dos 81 pacientes com diâmetro menor, 29 apresentavam melanoma invasivo, enquanto 179 dos 211 com diâmetro maior eram invasivos. Houve também diferença de frequência da fase de crescimento vertical. Conclusão Diâmetro de lesões pigmentadas menor que 6mm não deve ser fator excludente para realização de biópsias, especialmente para paciente de risco para câncer de pele.

Asunto(s)

Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/normas , Melanoma/patología , Nevo Pigmentado/patología , Carga Tumoral , Biopsia , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Índice Mitótico , Melanoma/prevención & control , Invasividad Neoplásica

RESUMEN

Objetivo determinar a morbilidade de lesões malignas e pré-malignas da pele e o conhecimento da população sobre prevenção solar e hábitos perigosos. Métodos aplica-se um estudo longitudinal retrospetivo e outro descritivo transversal a uma população de 25.956 habitantes utilizando o programa Abucasis® e realizando 201 inquéritos a doentes do serviço de urgências; posteriormente utiliza-se o programa SPSS 15.0 para Windows. Resultados em seis anos registaram-se 228 casos de queratose actínica, 26 de melanoma e 32 de neoplasias malignas da pele. Encontramos que 63,7% da população crê que não se realizam suficientes campanhas de prevenção solar, 50,2% desconhece os sinais de alarme do cancro de pele e a medida de proteção mais utilizada é a utilização de filtros solares. Conclusão A morbilidade de lesões malignas e pré-malignas da pele na população de Manises quadruplicou e o conhecimento acerca da prevenção solar é insuficiente...

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Objective To determine the morbidity of malignant and pre-malignant skin lesions and people’s knowledge about preventing sun exposure and dangerous habits. Methods A retrospective longitudinal study and one descriptive transversal study were conducted with a population of 25,956 inhabitants using the Abucasis® program, and 201 questionnaires were administered to patients in an emergency department; SPSS 15.0 for Windows program was then used. Results In six years there were 228 cases of actinic keratosis, 26 melanoma and 32 malignant neoplasms of the skin. It was found that 63.7% of the population believed that sufficient solar prevention campaigns were not performed, 50.2% were unaware of the warning signs of skin cancer, and the most widely used measure used for protection was the use of sunscreens. Conclusion The morbidity of malignant and premalignant skin lesions in the Manises population quadrupled and the knowledge about preventing sun exposure is insufficient...

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Queratosis Actínica/epidemiología , Queratosis Actínica/prevención & control , Melanoma/epidemiología , Melanoma/prevención & control , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Enfermería Oncológica , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Filtros Ultravioletas , Estudios Transversales , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Longitudinales , Morbilidad , Estudios Retrospectivos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution of larger diameter in the pathological report of cutaneous melanoma patients. METHODS: Data were obtained from patients seen from 1994 to 2015. Date, sex, age, maximum diameter, histological subtype, primary site, microscopic thickness, mitoses, ulceration, vertical growth phase, and regression were the variables studied. This study was approved by the National Ethics Committee - Brazil Platform. Patients were grouped into smaller diameter (≤6mm) and larger diameter (>6mm). The statistical analysis used the χ2test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Of the 292 patients analyzed, 123 were seen between 1994 and 2004, and 169 between 2005 and 2015; in that, 151 women and 141 men, mean age of 52 years. The diameters ranged from 2 to 76mm (mean of 14mm), 81 patients with smaller diameter (≤6mm) and 211 with larger diameter (>6mm). Out of 81 patients with smaller diameter, 29 had invasive melanoma, while 179 of the 211 with larger diameter were invasive. A difference was observed in frequency of vertical growth phase. CONCLUSION: Pigmented skin lesions with diameter smaller than 6mm should not be an excluding factor for biopsies, especially when patients present risk of developing skin cancer.

Asunto(s)

Detección Precoz del Cáncer/normas , Melanoma/patología , Nevo Pigmentado/patología , Carga Tumoral , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biopsia , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/prevención & control , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice Mitótico , Invasividad Neoplásica , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Adulto Joven , Melanoma Cutáneo Maligno