RESUMEN
The deleterious effects of high-dose radiation on normal tissue are sometimes extrapolated to diagnostic (SPECT and PET) radiopharmaceutical extravasation (RPE). It has been hypothesized that diagnostic RPE can have gradually evolving local tissue injury and a potentially increased risk of local dermatologic or oncologic diseases over a longer period. However, data on clinical adverse events after diagnostic RPE are limited. Therefore, our primary aim was to study the occurrence of short-term and long-term clinical adverse events in patients who underwent 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) whole-body bone scintigraphy (WBBS) with reported RPE. Methods: The records of 99mTc-MDP WBBS performed from June 2010 to January 2022 were retrospectively examined for RPE documented in the scan reports. The clinical records of patients with a documented RPE were extensively reviewed for any related short-term adverse events (within 2 wk of the WBBS: local symptoms and care sought for local dermatologic or musculoskeletal issues) and long-term adverse events (until the last follow-up: local deleterious effects and related consults for dermatology, plastic surgery, oncology, or orthopedics). Results: Retrospective review of the records of 31,679 99mTc-MDP WBBS studies showed RPE documented in 118 (0.37%). Medical records were not retrievable for 22 patients, yielding a final cohort of 96 patients with reported RPE. The median follow-up was 18.9 mo (interquartile range, 7.8-45.7 mo). Short-term events were noted in 4 patients, of whom one was asymptomatic. Of the 3 symptomatic patients, 2 experienced mild discomfort at the injection site, and 1 had tender swelling. Three of the 4 events were in patients who had a prior intravenous contrast extravasation for contrast-enhanced CT performed earlier during the day and a 99mTc-MDP injection later at the same site, likely leading to RPE. None of the long-term local events had any plausible link with the RPE event. Conclusion: Reported RPE was rare, and 3 patients (0.009%) had short-term local symptoms, all of which were likely related to the prior higher-volume intravenous contrast extravasation. The smaller-volume diagnostic radiopharmaceutical injections for WBBS are highly unlikely to cause local symptoms on their own. No patient had any long-term adverse event with a plausible link to the RPE.
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Radiofármacos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m , Humanos , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Huesos/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón ÚnicoRESUMEN
The aim was to track the exposure to radiation workers in six nuclear medicine examinations. A number of 180 patients were recruited and external exposure was measured. Patients had undergone cardiac stress and rest, bone scan, I-131 therapy, Gallium-67 and FDG PET/CT imaging. The average dose received due to cardiac stress and rest were 20.4 ± 5.0 and 16.0 ± 3.8 µSv per patient, respectively, whereas for bone scan, Ga-67, FDG and I-131 therapy, the average dose was 6.1 ± 2.5, 6.0 ± 1.4, 11.1 ± 2.2 and 4.1 ± 2.6 µSv per patient. The patient-to-staff dose coefficients were on average 0.051 ± 0.009, 0.042 ± 0.010, 0.034 ± 0.016, 0.039 ± 0.021, 0.052 ± 0.012, 0.094 ± 0.021 µSv m2/MBq h for stress, rest, bone, I-131, Ga-67 and FDG reported post-administration, respectively. Patient injection and setup for imaging represent a high percentage of the total dose received by staff. The information revealed is able to revise local measures, safety standards, and could help further in dose optimization and minimal exposure to occupationally exposed worker in nuclear medicine laboratories.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Nuclear/métodos , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/efectos adversos , Exposición a la Radiación/análisis , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/radioterapia , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18/efectos adversos , Radioisótopos de Galio/efectos adversos , Humanos , Radioisótopos de Yodo/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Pronóstico , Dosis de Radiación , Exposición a la Radiación/efectos adversos , Cintigrafía , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patologíaRESUMEN
AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate (99 Tc-MDP, Yunke Pharmaceutical industry) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: A total of 120 patients with active RA were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (receiving oral meloxicam tablets); Group B (receiving intravenous drip of 99 TC-MDP); Group C (receiving combination treatment of intravenous drip of 99 Tc-MDP and oral meloxicam tablets). The main clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated at baseline and after 14 days of therapy. RESULTS: After 14 days of treatment, American College of Rheumatology 20 response was 15.62%, 34.04% and 48.78% in the three groups, respectively. The incidence of adverse events in three groups were 3.13%, 8.51% and 9.76% respectly, and has no significant difference. In addition, biochemical markers of bone metabolism including bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), all improved in the three groups, although more significant in Group B than Group A, and more significant in the combination group than monotherapy groups. CONCLUSION: 99 Tc-MDP has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of active RA patients; the benefit was more remarkable when 99 Tc-MDP was combined with NSAIDs. 99 Tc-MDP may also have potential to improve bone metabolism.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Reumatoide/radioterapia , Remodelación Ósea/efectos de la radiación , Radiofármacos/administración & dosificación , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/administración & dosificación , Administración Oral , Adulto , Anciano , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/administración & dosificación , Artritis Reumatoide/sangre , Artritis Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/sangre , China , Femenino , Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Masculino , Meloxicam , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Tiazinas/administración & dosificación , Tiazoles/administración & dosificación , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate efficacy of oral antioxidant treatment given to patients before radiologic procedures in reducing x-ray-induced DNA damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a single-center prospective controlled trial, antioxidant treatment with 2 g ascorbate, 1.2 g N-acetylcysteine, 600 mg lipoic acid, and 30 mg beta carotene was given to 5 consecutive participants before undergoing clinically indicated technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc MDP) bone scans for cancer staging. These participants were compared with 5 participants without antioxidant treatment. DNA damage was visualized in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after bone scans using three-dimensional microscopy and fluorescently labeled gamma-H2AX protein. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in the radiation received between the control and antioxidant groups, the number of foci/cell before and after bone scan within groups, and foci/cell after bone scan between groups. RESULTS: There was a significantly higher number of gamma-H2AX foci/cell after ionization radiation in the control group compared with the antioxidant group (P = .009). There was no statistically significant difference in number of gamma-H2AX foci/cell before or after exposure in the antioxidant group; the number of gamma-H2AX foci/cell was statistically significantly higher (P = .009) in the control group after exposure to 99mTc MDP. CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing 99mTc MDP bone scans, treatment with oral antioxidants before scanning significantly prevented DNA damage in PBMCs. Antioxidants may provide an effective means to protect patients and health care professionals from radiation-induced DNA damage during imaging studies.
Asunto(s)
Acetilcisteína/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Roturas del ADN de Doble Cadena/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de la radiación , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Traumatismos por Radiación/prevención & control , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Ácido Tióctico/administración & dosificación , beta Caroteno/administración & dosificación , Administración Oral , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores/sangre , Neoplasias Óseas/secundario , Combinación de Medicamentos , Histonas/sangre , Humanos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Ontario , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Traumatismos por Radiación/sangre , Traumatismos por Radiación/diagnóstico , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
AIM: γδ T cells exhibit important functions in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, numerous studies harnessed the γδ T cell-activating capacity of aminobiphosphonates for the treatment of malignant tumors. As (99) Tc-methylene diphosphonate ((99) Tc-MDP) has long been widely used for the treatment of RA in China with good efficacy, we are interested in whether this drug exerts its therapeutic effect on RA by modulating peripheral γδ T cells of RA patients. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of (99) Tc-MDP on the frequency of γδ T cells and CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) Tregs in the peripheral blood of patients with active RA. METHODS: Nineteen patients with active RA were treated with (99) Tc-MDP intravenously at a dose of 20 µg/day consecutively for 10-14 days. Before and after treatment, the main clinical and laboratory parameters for each patient were evaluated. The frequency of CD3(+) γδ(+) T cells and CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) Tregs was detected by flow cytometry. Serum levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: After intravenous (99) Tc-MDP therapy, the frequency of peripheral CD3(+) γδ(+) T cells and CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) Tregs were significantly elevated, paralleled with decreased serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and increased level of serum TGF-ß. The elevation of peripheral CD3(+) γδ(+) T cells was positively correlated with increased serum TGF-ß and decreased disease activity. CONCLUSION: (99) Tc-MDP may improve the activity of RA through upregulating the frequency of peripheral γδ T cells and CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) Tregs as well as affecting the serum cytokine environment by increasing TGF-ß and decreasing TNF-α and IL-6.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Reumatoide/radioterapia , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/inmunología , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/inmunología , Radiofármacos/uso terapéutico , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T gamma-delta/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/efectos de la radiación , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/uso terapéutico , Administración Intravenosa , Anciano , Artritis Reumatoide/sangre , Artritis Reumatoide/diagnóstico por imagen , Artritis Reumatoide/inmunología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Citocinas/sangre , Citocinas/inmunología , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/sangre , Humanos , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fenotipo , Radiofármacos/administración & dosificación , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T gamma-delta/sangre , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/administración & dosificación , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Dermatomiositis , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodosRESUMEN
Technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate ((99)Tc-MDP) is a novel bisphosphonate derivative without radioactivity and has been successfully used to treat arthritis in China for years. Since bisphosphonate therapy has the potential to induce bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), we examined whether (99)Tc-MDP represents a new class of bisphosphonate for antiresorptive therapy to ameliorate estrogen deficiency-induced bone resorption with less risk of causing BRONJ. We showed that (99)Tc-MDP-treated, ovariectomized (OVX) mice had significantly improved bone mineral density and trabecular bone volume in comparison to the untreated OVX group by inhibiting osteoclasts and enhancing osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. To determine the potential of inducing BRONJ, (99)Tc-MDP/dexamethasone (Dex) or zoledronate/Dex was administered into C57BL/6J mice via the tail vein, followed by extraction of maxillary first molars. Interestingly, (99)Tc-MDP treatment showed less risk to induce osteonecrosis in the maxillary bones compared to zoledronate treatment group, partially because (99)Tc-MDP neither suppressed adaptive regulatory T cells nor activated the inflammatory T-helper-producing interleukin-17 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that (99)Tc-MDP therapy may be a promising approach in the treatment of osteoporosis with less risk of causing BRONJ.
Asunto(s)
Osteonecrosis de los Maxilares Asociada a Difosfonatos/patología , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/efectos adversos , Osteoporosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Animales , Osteonecrosis de los Maxilares Asociada a Difosfonatos/etiología , Osteonecrosis de los Maxilares Asociada a Difosfonatos/metabolismo , Densidad Ósea , Femenino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Osteoporosis/fisiopatología , Ovariectomía , FenotipoRESUMEN
The purpose of this guideline is to help investigators by giving an overview of relevant current EU requirements concerning the quality of starting materials and final drug products (the radiopharmaceuticals), the non-clinical safety studies and dosimetry considerations whilst designing a human clinical trial which includes the use of radiopharmaceutical compounds.
Asunto(s)
Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/normas , Radiofármacos/normas , Unión Europea , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18/efectos adversos , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Radiometría , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Radiofármacos/uso terapéutico , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
A 72-year-old man was hospitalized for transurethral resection of bladder cancer. Two days after the procedure, the patient continued to have gross hematuria and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast was performed to check the integrity of the resection site. Later that day, the patient underwent technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy to investigate the possibility of bone metastasis. The bone scan showed no signs of metastasis but did reveal increased uptake of the left hand and forearm on the opposite side of the injection site.
Asunto(s)
Síndromes Compartimentales/inducido químicamente , Síndromes Compartimentales/diagnóstico por imagen , Inyecciones/efectos adversos , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Anciano , Brazo , Humanos , Masculino , Radiofármacos/administración & dosificación , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/administración & dosificación , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patologíaRESUMEN
We report an unusual severe systemic reaction that occurred in a woman after a (99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate bone scan and for which no alternative explanation could be found. The bone scintigram showed diffusely increased uptake in the liver and kidneys accompanied by reversible dysfunction of these organs and dermatologic manifestations. We speculate that an immune-mediated mechanism may have caused this unusual reaction.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Adulto , Neoplasias Óseas/secundario , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Síndrome Hepatorrenal/diagnóstico por imagen , Síndrome Hepatorrenal/etiología , Síndrome Hepatorrenal/metabolismo , Humanos , Riñón/diagnóstico por imagen , Riñón/metabolismo , Hígado/diagnóstico por imagen , Hígado/metabolismo , Cintigrafía , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/farmacocinética , Recuento Corporal TotalAsunto(s)
Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Distrofia Simpática Refleja/diagnóstico por imagen , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Inyecciones Intraarteriales , Cintigrafía , Radiofármacos/administración & dosificación , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/administración & dosificaciónAsunto(s)
Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Distrofia Simpática Refleja/diagnóstico , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Huesos/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intraarteriales , Osteocondroma/diagnóstico por imagen , Cintigrafía , Radiofármacos/administración & dosificación , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/administración & dosificaciónAsunto(s)
Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Distrofia Simpática Refleja/diagnóstico , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Huesos/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intraarteriales , Osteocondroma/diagnóstico por imagen , Cintigrafía , Radiofármacos/administración & dosificación , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
A noninvasive method for the diagnosis of cardiac calcinosis, a life-threatening complication in hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), has not, as yet, been firmly established. We tested whether whole body scanning with 99m-technetium methylene diphosphonate (MDP) might visualize cardiac calcinosis. In 19 consecutive chronic hemodialysis ESRD patients (13 males and 6 females, aged 40-81, mean 63 +/- 8 years) with cardiovascular disease [mitral annular calcinosis and/or calcified aortic valve (n = 4), hemodialysis cardiomyopathy (n = 1), coronary artery disease (n = 9) and peripheral artery atherosclerotic disease (n = 6)], MDP uptake in the heart was compared to that in 7 non-ESRD controls with hyperparathyroidism due to adenoma. Cardiac and lung field MDP uptake was confirmed in only 3 (16%) and 5 (26%) of the 19 ESRD subjects, respectively, but was absent in controls. Positive cardiac uptake was related to cardiac calcified complications (mobile intracardiac calcinosis, myocardial calcinosis and mitral annular calcification) and the duration of hemodialysis (p = 0.015). While it was statistically insignificant, subjects showing MDP uptake were elder and had higher serum Ca or Ca x P product and lower intact parathyroid hormone levels. These results suggest that cardiac calcinosis in ESRD patients can be detected noninvasively by myocardial scintigraphy with 99m-technetium MDP.
Asunto(s)
Calcinosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcinosis/etiología , Cardiomiopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiofármacos , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/farmacocinética , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón ÚnicoRESUMEN
Eight patients were inadvertently administered, and imaged with, 99mTc-labeled MDP which was 45 months expired. Two cases are presented. All patients were subsequently imaged with normal MDP. The images obtained with expired MDP were clinically acceptable. No differences in scan abnormalities were observed compared with normal MDP for any of the patients. None of the patients suffered any side effects attributable to the expired MDP.
Asunto(s)
Huesos/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiofármacos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m , Adulto , Neoplasias Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Óseas/secundario , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cintigrafía , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Seguridad , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversosRESUMEN
In the performance of conventional nuclear pharmacy work, personnel usually receive the highest hand radiation dose during reconstitution of 99Tcm-labelled radiopharmaceuticals. This study was conducted to compare the hand radiation doses incurred during the preparation of 99Tcm-labelled radiopharmaceuticals using three different reconstitution procedures: (1) the standard reconstitution method (i.e. withdrawing 99Tcm activity and normal saline [NS] into the same syringe before adding to the cold kit) (standard); (2) an alternative reconstitution procedure using two syringes to add normal saline separately before 99Tcm activity to the cold kit (NS/Tc); and (3) a standard reconstitution procedure using a robotic system (Amercare Syringe Fill Station, model NuMed SFS 3a, Amercare Ltd, Oxon, UK) (robot). Radiation doses were monitored by thermoluminescent dosimeters (Landauer Inc., Glenwood, IL, USA) on the base of the fourth finger (i.e. ring finger) of the non-dominant hand and on the mid-portion of the second finger (i.e. index finger) of the dominant hand. Three sets of ring badges were measured for each procedure, with 10 stimulated or real reconstitutions per set. Two different radiopharmaceutical kits were evaluated: 99Tcm-MDP, as it is the most frequently used radiopharmaceutical in the majority of nuclear medicine departments (all three reconstitution methods; i.e. standard, NS/Tc and robot), and 99Tcm-sestamibi, as it is not only reconstituted with the highest amount of radioactivity but is also the most frequently dispensed radiopharmaceutical in our laboratory (standard and robot). All kits were prepared from an elution vial containing a standardized amount of 99Tcm activity (i.e. 104.4 +/- 3.6 GBq). To each of the cold MDP and sestamibi kits, 20.7 +/- 1.2 GBq and 44.2 +/- 0.7 GBq of 99Tcm activity were added, respectively. Average accumulated radiation doses for 10 reconstitutions to the fingers (non-dominant/dominant) for the preparations of 99Tcm-MDP were as follows: 14.2 +/- 0.9 mSv/2.8 +/- 0.8 mSv (standard), 10.0 +/- 0.6 mSv/2.7 +/- 0.2 mSv (NS/Tc), and 0.6 +/- 0.1 mSv/1.3 +/- 0.1 mSv (robot). For 99Tcm-sestamibi, the average accumulated radiation doses for 10 reconstitutions to the fingers (non-dominant/dominant) were 6.7 +/- 0.7 mSv/4.6 +/- 0.5 mSv (standard) and 1.1 +/- 0.1 mSv/3.1 +/- 0.4 mSv (robot). When compared to the standard reconstitution method, our results show that the NS/Tc method slightly reduced radiation dose to the non-dominant hand, without any significant reduction for the dominant hand. However, the robot has proved to be the most effective method to considerably reduce radiation dose to both hands. A robotic system should be a useful ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) tool to prepare other high-activity 99Tcm-labelled radiopharmaceuticals, as well as therapeutic and PET radiopharmaceuticals.
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Protección Radiológica/instrumentación , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Mano , Humanos , Personal de Laboratorio Clínico , Medicina Nuclear , Dosis de Radiación , Radiofármacos/aislamiento & purificación , Robótica , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/aislamiento & purificación , Tecnecio Tc 99m Sestamibi/efectos adversos , Tecnecio Tc 99m Sestamibi/aislamiento & purificaciónAsunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/etiología , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inducido químicamente , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/diagnóstico , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cintigrafía , Radiofármacos/administración & dosificación , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/administración & dosificaciónAsunto(s)
Huesos del Carpo , Fracturas Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Meningitis Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Radiofármacos/efectos adversos , Gestión de Riesgos , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/análogos & derivados , Traumatismos de la Muñeca/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Dermatitis , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Cintigrafía , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/efectos adversosRESUMEN
This paper quantifies the extent of the radiation hazard to personnel from horses undergoing scintigraphy using technetium99m methylene diphosphonate (99Tcm-MDP). From the data produced it is possible to derive safe working protocols which are comfortably within the legislated limits for whole body doses as set out in the Ionising Radiations Regulations 1985. Measurements were made of the surface and environmental activities which result from individuals undergoing scintigraphic evaluation and also from urine contaminated bedding. The use of both high and low activities in the assessment of the radiation hazard to personnel and owners is considered.