RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore how a sample of Mexican American mothers with preschool-aged children recruited from a Midwestern Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinic obtained information about 4 behaviors associated with childhood obesity risk: eating, physical activity, screen time, and sleep. DESIGN: One-on-one structured interviews in which participants were asked how they communicated with family, learned to take care of their first infant, and obtained information about the 4 targeted behaviors for their preschool-aged child. SETTING: An urban WIC clinic in the Midwest. PARTICIPANTS: Forty Mexican-descent mothers enrolled in WIC with children aged 3-4 years. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST: Exposure to information about the 4 targeted behaviors among Mexican-descent mothers participating in WIC. ANALYSIS: Quantitative and qualitative data were used to characterize and compare across participants. RESULTS: Participants primarily obtained information from their child's maternal grandmother during their first child's infancy and from health professionals for their preschool-aged child. Participants typically obtained information through interpersonal communication, television, and magazines. Participants were most interested in healthy eating information and least interested in screen time information. Some participants did not seek information. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Participants engaged in different patterns of information seeking across their child's development and the 4 behaviors, which suggests that future research should be behaviorally specific. Findings from this study suggest several hypotheses to test in future research.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Alimentaria , Asistencia Alimentaria , Americanos Mexicanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Obesidad Infantil , Adulto , Preescolar , Ejercicio Físico , Femenino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Medio Oeste de Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/prevención & control , Obesidad Infantil/psicología , Sueño , TelevisiónRESUMEN
This critical ethnography explored the experiences of battered, immigrant, Spanish-speaking Latinas in the Midwest of the United States. It relied on Chicana and Mujerista frameworks for understanding help-seeking. Although there has been progress in documenting intimate partner violence in the United States, there is less knowledge concerning this issue with undocumented Latinas. The methodology implemented two stages: (a) observations and informal interviews and (b) formal interviews. The findings reveal multiple sides of "el silencio." Maintaining the silence, or breaking it, is surrounded by exchanges with the internal voice parallel to personal experiences with violence at different points in life. It is also affected by cultural expectations in home and host country.
Asunto(s)
Mujeres Maltratadas , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Violencia de Pareja , Mujeres Maltratadas/psicología , Mujeres Maltratadas/estadística & datos numéricos , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Conducta de Búsqueda de Ayuda , Hispánicos o Latinos , Humanos , Violencia de Pareja/etnología , Violencia de Pareja/prevención & control , Violencia de Pareja/psicología , Violencia de Pareja/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Medio Oeste de Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Sylvilagus floridanus Papillomavirus (SfPV) causes growth of large horn-like tumors on rabbits. SfPV was described in cottontail rabbits (probably Sylvilagus floridanus) from Kansas and Iowa by Richard Shope in 1933, and detected in S. audubonii in 2011. It is known almost exclusively from the US Midwest. We explored the University of Kansas Natural History Museum for historical museum specimens infected with SfPV, using molecular techniques, to assess if additional wild species host SfPV, and whether SfPV occurs throughout the host range, or just in the Midwest. Secondary aims were to detect distinct strains, and evidence for strain spatio-temporal specificity. We found 20 of 1395 rabbits in the KU collection SfPV symptomatic. Three of 17 lagomorph species (S. nuttallii, and the two known hosts) were symptomatic, while Brachylagus, Lepus and eight additional Sylvilagus species were not. 13 symptomatic individuals were positive by molecular testing, including the first S. nuttallii detection. Prevalence of symptomatic individuals was significantly higher in Sylvilagus (1.8%) than Lepus. Half of these specimens came from Kansas, though new molecular detections were obtained from Jalisco-Mexico's first-and Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas, USA. We document the oldest lab-confirmed case (Kansas, 1915), pre-dating Shope's first case. SfPV amplification was possible from 63.2% of symptomatic museum specimens. Using multiple methodologies, rolling circle amplification and, multiple isothermal displacement amplification in addition to PCR, greatly improved detection rates. Short sequences were obtained from six individuals for two genes. L1 gene sequences were identical to all previously detected sequences; E7 gene sequences, were more variable, yielding five distinct SfPV1 strains that differing by less than 2% from strains circulating in the Midwest and Mexico, between 1915 and 2005. Our results do not clarify whether strains are host species specific, though they are consistent with SfPV specificity to genus Sylvilagus.
Asunto(s)
Papillomavirus del Conejo de Rabo Blanco/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/veterinaria , Conejos/virología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/veterinaria , Animales , Antígenos Virales/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Colorado/epidemiología , Papillomavirus del Conejo de Rabo Blanco/genética , Papillomavirus del Conejo de Rabo Blanco/patogenicidad , ADN Viral/genética , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Genes Virales , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Especificidad del Huésped , Kansas/epidemiología , México/epidemiología , Medio Oeste de Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Museos , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/historia , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Filogenia , Conejos/clasificación , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/historia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/virología , Especificidad de la Especie , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/epidemiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/historia , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/veterinaria , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Latinas (Latino women) are at higher risk than non-Latina white women of cardiovascular disease and stroke, primarily because of higher rates of obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Increases in physical activity help control these cardiovascular risk factors, but a higher percentage of Latinas than white women are inactive. The study goals were to identify personal, social environmental, and physical environmental correlates of physical activity of urban-dwelling, Midwestern Latinas and to obtain their recommendations for increasing exercise in their communities. METHODS: A face-to-face interview (Women and Physical Activity Survey) that covered personal, social environmental, and physical environmental correlates of physical activity was performed with 300 volunteer Latinas (242 in Spanish, 58 in English), aged 20 to 50 years, living in Chicago. Physical activity was measured with questions on lifestyle and planned leisure activity (exercise) from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. RESULTS: The sample consisted of urban-dwelling Latinas who were primarily from Mexico and who spoke predominantly Spanish. The breakdown was as follows: 36% met current recommendations for moderate or vigorous physical activity, 52.3% were insufficiently active, and 11.7% were inactive. Physical activity was higher among younger women, married women, and women with the following characteristics: had some confidence about becoming more active, saw people exercising in the neighborhood, attended religious services, or lived in areas with heavy traffic. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions need to focus on encouraging Latinas, especially those who are older, to reach the level of physical activity recommended to benefit health. The church may be a suitable community setting for initiating programs that provide women with the knowledge, skills, and motivation to become more active so that they can bring back to the larger Latina community.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Hispánicos o Latinos , Población Urbana , Salud de la Mujer , Adulto , Emigración e Inmigración , Femenino , Humanos , México/etnología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medio Oeste de Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Medio Social , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
The purposes of the present study were threefold: (a) to assess the prevalence levels of anxiety and depression in a sample of Mexican migrant farm workers in the midwestern United States; (b) to explore the relationships among acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression; and (c) to examine the variables that best predict anxiety and depression. The overall sample revealed elevated levels of anxiety and depression. Migrant farm workers with heightened levels of acculturative stress were more likely to report high levels of anxiety and depression. Family dysfunction, ineffective social support, low self-esteem, lack of agreement with the decision to migrate, high education levels, high levels of acculturative stress, and high levels of anxiety were significantly associated with high depression levels. The overall findings suggest that migrant farm workers who experience elevated levels of acculturative stress may be at risk for experiencing high levels of anxiety and depression. The findings highlight the importance of establishing prevention and treatment services for migrant farm workers that aim to increase levels of emotional support, self-esteem, and coping skills.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/epidemiología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Migrantes/psicología , Aculturación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , México/etnología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medio Oeste de Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Análisis Multivariante , Prevalencia , Análisis de Regresión , Factores de Riesgo , Autoimagen , Apoyo Social , Factores Socioeconómicos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Scant research has examined the mental health of migrant farmworkers in the United States. The purposes of the present study were threefold: to assess the prevalence levels of anxiety symptoms in a sample of Mexican migrant farmworkers in the Midwest United States; to examine the relationship between acculturative stress and anxiety; and to determine the variables that significantly predict anxiety. High levels were found for overall anxiety and in the cognitive, affective, and physiological expressions of anxiety. Elevated acculturative stress, low self esteem, ineffective social support, lack of control and choice in the decision to live a migrant farmworker lifestyle, low religiosity, and high education were significantly related to high anxiety levels. The overall findings suggest that Mexican migrant farmworkers who experience high acculturative stress may be at risk for developing anxiety-related disorders. The findings highlight the necessity of establishing prevention and treatment services for migrant farmworkers that increase levels of emotional support, self esteem, and coping skills.