RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To develop and assess three-dimensional models of physeal fractures in dog femurs (3D MPFDF) using radiographic imaging. METHODS: The study was conducted in three phases: development of 3D MPFDF; radiographic examination of the 3D MPFDF; and comparative analysis of the anatomical and radiographic features of the 3D MPFDF. RESULTS: The base model and the 3D MPFDF achieved high fidelity in replicating the bone structures, accurately maintaining the morphological characteristics and dimensions such as length, width, and thickness, closely resembling natural bone. The radiographs of the 3D MPFDF displayed distinct radiopaque and radiolucent areas, enabling clear visualization of the various anatomical structures of the femur. However, in these radiographs, it was challenging to distinguish between the cortical and medullary regions due to the use of 99% internal padding in the printing process. Despite this limitation, the radiographs successfully demonstrated the representation of the Salter-Harris classification. CONCLUSIONS: This paper presents a pioneering project focused on technological advancement aimed at developing a method for the rapid and cost-effective production of three-printed models and radiographs of physeal fractures in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas del Fémur , Imagenología Tridimensional , Modelos Anatómicos , Impresión Tridimensional , Animales , Perros , Fracturas del Fémur/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Radiografía , Fémur/diagnóstico por imagen , Fémur/anatomía & histología , Fémur/lesiones , Medicina Veterinaria/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
The FTA card has emerged as a promising alternative for nucleic acid extraction. The FTA card is a filter paper impregnated with chemicals that preserve and stabilize the genetic material present in the sample, allowing for its storage and transport at room temperature. The aim of this study was to test the card for the detection of RNA and DNA nucleic acids. Two RNA viruses (Senecavirus A and classical swine fever virus) and two DNA viruses (African swine fever virus and suid alphaherpesvirus 1) were tested, and in all cases, there was a decrease in sensitivity. The methods exhibited good repeatability and demonstrated a rapid and practical use for sample transport and nucleic acid extraction.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Africana , Animales , Porcinos , Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Africana/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Africana/genética , Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Clásica/genética , Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Clásica/aislamiento & purificación , Herpesvirus Suido 1/aislamiento & purificación , Herpesvirus Suido 1/genética , ARN Viral/genética , ARN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Medicina Veterinaria/métodos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/diagnóstico , Virus ADN/genética , Virus ADN/aislamiento & purificación , Picornaviridae/genética , Picornaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Picornaviridae/clasificación , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , ADN Viral/genética , Virus ARN/genética , Virus ARN/aislamiento & purificación , Virus ARN/clasificación , Infecciones por Virus ADN/veterinaria , Infecciones por Virus ADN/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Virus ADN/virología , Manejo de Especímenes/métodos , Manejo de Especímenes/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
Diagnosis and management of fungal infections are challenging in both animals and humans, especially in immunologically weakened hosts. Due to its broad spectrum and safety profile when compared to other antifungals, itraconazole (ITZ) has been widely used in the treatment and prophylaxis of fungal infections, both in human and veterinary medicine. The dose and duration of management depend on factors such as the type of fungal pathogen, the site of infection, sensitivity to ITZ, chronic stages of the disease, the health status of the hosts, pharmacological interactions with other medications and the therapeutic protocol used. In veterinary practice, ITZ doses generally vary between 3 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, once or twice a day. In humans, doses usually vary between 100 and 400 mg/day. As human and veterinary fungal infections are increasingly associated, and ITZ is one of the main medications used, this review addresses relevant aspects related to the use of this drug in both clinics, including case reports and different clinical aspects available in the literature.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos , Itraconazol , Micosis , Humanos , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Antifúngicos/administración & dosificación , Itraconazol/uso terapéutico , Micosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Micosis/veterinaria , Micosis/microbiología , Animales , Medicina Veterinaria/métodosRESUMEN
The use of renal biopsy through laparoscopy is increasingly present both in human and veterinary medicine. However, both techniques require skill and training to make the operator capable to do it. The learning curve allows the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the number of attempts and minimum time for the surgical procedure. The objective included establish the learning curve for laparoscopy-guided kidney biopsy procedures in dog and pig corpses. Six dogs and six pigs corpses weighing less than 10 kg were used for this study. All corpses underwent kidney biopsy performed through laparoscopy. Twenty-four operators, two per animal, performed 20 renal biopsies each (10 for each kidney), with 480 collection-procedures in total. Duration and difficulty of the procedure and the biopsy sample quality were evaluated and statistical analysis was performed using a mixed regression model with a random effect of individuals and multivariate analysis of data. There were 91.5% of the samples that were adequate for evaluation. There was no significant difference in the number of glomeruli or cortex percentage considering the attempts in either species, demonstrating the operator's ability since first collection. Swine samples showed higher amounts of renal cortex than canine samples. The procedure duration was shorter as more attempts were performed in dogs and pigs. From the fourth repetition, the professional reached a plateau for the variable related to 'collection', and from the second, the professional presented uniform duration for 'sample storage'. Operators of the swine model acquired more agility than the dog ones. The variable 'difficulty' decreased as more repetitions were performed, reaching a plateau in the sixth attempt. Seven renal biopsies laparoscopy-guided are required for an operator to be considered 'capable' to perform the procedure in the referred species included. The learning curve for image-guided kidney biopsy procedures improves the implementation of this technique and benefits patients that undergo this procedure.
Asunto(s)
Biopsia/veterinaria , Perros , Riñón/patología , Laparoscopía/veterinaria , Porcinos , Animales , Biopsia/economía , Biopsia/métodos , Cadáver , Educación en Veterinaria , Femenino , Laparoscopía/educación , Laparoscopía/métodos , Curva de Aprendizaje , Masculino , Medicina Veterinaria/métodosRESUMEN
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the veterinary domain are widely implemented worldwide and can help to strengthen the capacities of Veterinary Services. Few analyses have been made of these initiatives. This study is aimed at developing an evaluation tool based on participatory approaches and focusing on the quality of PPP processes in the veterinary domain. The tool was divided into ten sections relevant to PPP process organisation and activities. The 44 evaluation criteria and six quality attributes (operationality, relevance, acceptability, inclusiveness, adaptability, and stability) were identified based on literature review and case-study application. The tool was adjusted during four regional PPP training workshops bringing together stakeholders from both public and private sectors. Finally, the tool was validated through an experts' elicitation process and applied in the field in Paraguay. The tool was developed in a non-normative perspective to help the partners adapt the PPP to their specific context, to maximize the opportunities and minimize the risks of such collaborations, and to formulate adapted recommendations to strengthen and improve the PPP collaborative process and thus the outcomes. In an ex-ante perspective, this tool would also help public and private actors to engage and develop a PPP process following the best possible practices. The aim of this tool is to help decision making in terms of PPP development and implementation in the veterinary domain to ensure the added value and relevance of such a collaborative approach in different countries worldwide.
Asunto(s)
Asociación entre el Sector Público-Privado , Animales , Fiebre Aftosa/epidemiología , Fiebre Aftosa/prevención & control , Humanos , Paraguay/epidemiología , Medicina Veterinaria/métodosRESUMEN
One of the main functions of infrared thermography (IRT) consists in detecting temperature changes in organisms caused by variations in surface blood circulation. IRT is a useful tool that has been used mainly as a diagnostic method for various stress-causing pathologies, though recent suggestions indicate that it can be used to assess the block quality of certain body regions. In the field of anaesthesiology, IRT has been applied to brachial and epidural blocks, while in algology, changes in surface blood circulation associated with sympathetic activity have been investigated. Thermography has also been employed to complement pain level scales based on the facial expressions of patients in critical condition, or after surgery. In addition, it has been used as a tool in research designed to evaluate different surgical procedures in human medicine, as in the case of surgical burrs for placing dental implants, where IRT helps assess the degree of heating associated with bone devascularisation, reduction in vascular perfusion as a consequence of stroke, and changes in the autonomous nervous system, or the degree of vascular changes in flaps applied to burn patients. In veterinary medicine, thermography has brought several benefits for animals in terms of evaluating lesions, diseases, and surgical procedures. The aim of this review is to evaluate how IRT can be used as a tool in surgical procedures, cases of vascular change, and pain monitoring in veterinary medicine with an emphasis on small animals.
Asunto(s)
Hemodinámica , Dolor/diagnóstico , Termografía/métodos , Animales , Humanos , Rayos Infrarrojos , Microcirculación , Dolor/veterinaria , Temperatura Cutánea , Termografía/instrumentación , Termografía/veterinaria , Medicina Veterinaria/métodosRESUMEN
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide spread phenomenon that affects both human and veterinary medicine. This issue has led to a "One Health" approach in order to coordinate efforts and set back the development of drug-resistant microbes. In the search for alternatives therapies, bacteriocins or antimicrobial peptides have proven to be effective both in vitro and in vivo for multiples pathogens, even those resistant to many classic antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteriocins have been the most studied to the present. The use of bacteriocins as therapeutically active molecules is limited mainly due to difficulties in production, purification, delivery systems and regulatory approvals. To overcome some of these limitations, biotechnological and nanotechnological approaches are evaluated. Bacteriocins proved to be a good complement for conventional antibiotics therapy. Antimicrobial peptides are nowadays included in the veterinary products such as udder disinfectant for dairy cattle and dermatological medicated wipe for topical use on dogs, cats, and horses. But there are other potential uses to explore in the veterinary field for both companion and production animals.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Bacteriocinas/uso terapéutico , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Medicina Veterinaria , Medicina Veterinaria/métodosRESUMEN
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a small ruminant disease characterized by the development of granulomatous lesions in superficial and internal lymph nodes, as well as in some organs, and causes significant economic losses worldwide. The aetiological agent of CLA is the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; however, the commercially available diagnostic tools present problems with regard to specificity, which can lead to false-negative results. This study aimed to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of specific immunoglobulins in goats and sheep using recombinant C. pseudotuberculosis PLD, CP40, PknG, DtxR and Grx proteins. For validation of the ELISAs, 130 goat serum samples and 160 sheep serum samples were used. The best ELISA for goats was developed using a combination of PLD and CP40 as antigens at a 1:1 ratio, which presented 96.9% sensitivity and 98.4% specificity. The most effective ELISA for sheep presented 91% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity when recombinant PLD alone was used as the antigen. These ELISAs can be used as highly accurate tools in epidemiological surveys and for the serodiagnosis of C. pseudotuberculosis infection in goats and sheep.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/veterinaria , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/diagnóstico , Linfadenitis/veterinaria , Pruebas Serológicas/métodos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/diagnóstico , Animales , Antígenos Bacterianos/genética , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Infecciones por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Cabras , Linfadenitis/diagnóstico , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Ovinos , Medicina Veterinaria/métodosRESUMEN
Definir o diagnóstico e realizar a escolha de tratamento apropriado para pacientes oncológicos é sempre algo desafiador. Um entendimento da heterogeneidade deste processo, dos tipos celulares associados e o conhecimento de indicadores prognósticos podem ser úteis e levar a decisões vitais de acordo com o paciente. Em uma abordagem multidisciplinar várias técnicas de diagnóstico: citológico, histológico, imuno- -histoquímico e histoquímico, são muitas vezes necessárias e devem ser incluídas para a melhor assistência a alguns pacientes. Assim, dentro da oncologia, as análises das formações tumorais são essenciais, e a parceria com o veterinário patologista é de grande valia. Exames como citologia e histopatológico, se bem feitos, são extremamente úteis porque direcionam o tratamento cirúrgico, clínico e nos dão valor prognóstico. Entretanto, por melhor que seja o patologista, quando há uma série de falhas no encaminhamento do material para análise não há muito a ser feito, e isso pode comprometer seriamente o tratamento do paciente. Falhas comuns em lâminas enviadas contendo material para exame citológico, como sujidades e produtos químicos atrapalham muito o seu processamento, e inclusive a própria colheita do exame citológico pode ser desafiadora. Já nos exames histopatológicos, falhas mais simples ainda podem comprometer seriamente o diagnóstico. Quando os fragmentos enviados são demasiadamente grandes a sua fixação é inadequada, ou ocorrem problemas relacionados à demora no envio ou fixação, que determinam alterações nos tecidos com perda das características próprias e de importância ao prognóstico clínico. Os cirurgiões muitas vezes não possuem tempo hábil entre a finalização do procedimento cirúrgico e o processamento do material, pois os procedimentos cirúrgicos que envolvem a cirurgia oncológica podem demandar horas de intervenção, assim um membro da equipe deverá ser treinado para executar uma rápida e correta colheita do material logo após a sua remoção. Portando cumpre ser enfatizado que procedimentos clínicos e cirúrgicos e as respectivas análises laboratoriais devem ser conduzidos de forma integrada para que a colheita do material seja eficiente e possibilite o estabelecimento de um diagnóstico preciso e um prognóstico clínico confiável.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Medicina Veterinaria/instrumentación , Medicina Veterinaria/métodos , Oncología Médica , Neoplasias/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Definir o diagnóstico e realizar a escolha de tratamento apropriado para pacientes oncológicos é sempre algo desafiador. Um entendimento da heterogeneidade deste processo, dos tipos celulares associados e o conhecimento de indicadores prognósticos podem ser úteis e levar a decisões vitais de acordo com o paciente. Em uma abordagem multidisciplinar várias técnicas de diagnóstico: citológico, histológico, imuno- -histoquímico e histoquímico, são muitas vezes necessárias e devem ser incluídas para a melhor assistência a alguns pacientes. Assim, dentro da oncologia, as análises das formações tumorais são essenciais, e a parceria com o veterinário patologista é de grande valia. Exames como citologia e histopatológico, se bem feitos, são extremamente úteis porque direcionam o tratamento cirúrgico, clínico e nos dão valor prognóstico. Entretanto, por melhor que seja o patologista, quando há uma série de falhas no encaminhamento do material para análise não há muito a ser feito, e isso pode comprometer seriamente o tratamento do paciente. Falhas comuns em lâminas enviadas contendo material para exame citológico, como sujidades e produtos químicos atrapalham muito o seu processamento, e inclusive a própria colheita do exame citológico pode ser desafiadora. Já nos exames histopatológicos, falhas mais simples ainda podem comprometer seriamente o diagnóstico. Quando os fragmentos enviados são demasiadamente grandes a sua fixação é inadequada, ou ocorrem problemas relacionados à demora no envio ou fixação, que determinam alterações nos tecidos com perda das características próprias e de importância ao prognóstico clínico. Os cirurgiões muitas vezes não possuem tempo hábil entre a finalização do procedimento cirúrgico e o processamento do material, pois os procedimentos cirúrgicos que envolvem a cirurgia oncológica podem demandar horas de intervenção, assim um membro da equipe deverá ser treinado para executar uma rápida e correta colheita do material logo após a sua remoção. Portando cumpre ser enfatizado que procedimentos clínicos e cirúrgicos e as respectivas análises laboratoriais devem ser conduzidos de forma integrada para que a colheita do material seja eficiente e possibilite o estabelecimento de um diagnóstico preciso e um prognóstico clínico confiável.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Medicina Veterinaria/instrumentación , Medicina Veterinaria/métodos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Oncología MédicaRESUMEN
It was aimed to determine the anatomical structures in thoracic cavity by computed tomography imaging (CT) and compare the cross sectional images in the same specimens which were plastinated after CT imaging. It was also aimed to obtain 3 dimensional (3D) reconstructions of thoracic anatomical structures. Thoracic organs of 3 adult cats were CT imaged and then plastinated in this study. Specimens were plastinated in the same body position in the CT imaging process. CT images and corresponding plastinated cross sections were compared to each other. Anatomical structures of the thoracic cavity in plastinates were in accordance with CT images. Beside the bony structures, other organs such as esophagus, trachea, heart with related vessels, lungs and thoracic muscles were well defined in CT images and plastinates. Moreover, 3D reconstructed images of anatomical structures of thoracic cavity were acquired well. This study is thought to be beneficial for veterinary surgery and radiology fields as well as veterinary anatomy educations.
El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en determinar las estructuras anatómicas en la cavidad torácica mediante tomografía computarizada (TC) y comparar las imágenes transversales en las mismas muestras, que fueron plastinadas después de la TC. También se pretendía obtener reconstrucciones tridimensionales (3D) de estructuras anatómicas torácicas. Se tomaron imágenes de los órganos torácicos de 3 gatos adultos por TC y luego se plastinaron en este estudio. Las muestras se plastinaron en la misma posición corporal en el proceso de obtención de imágenes TC. Las imágenes de TC y las secciones transversales plastinadas correspondientes se compararon entre sí. Las estructuras anatómicas de la cavidad torácica en los preparados plastinados estaban de acuerdo con las imágenes de CT. Además de las estructuras óseas, otros órganos como el esófago, la tráquea, el corazón con vasos relacionados, los pulmones y los músculos torácicos estaban bien definidos en las imágenes de TC y los plastinados. Por otra parte, se captaron bien las imágenes reconstruidas en 3D de las estructuras anatómicas de la cavidad torácica. Pensamos que este estudio es beneficioso para la cirugía veterinaria y los campos de radiología, así como también para la educación de anatomía veterinaria.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Tórax/anatomía & histología , Medicina Veterinaria/métodos , Gatos/anatomía & histología , Adhesión en Plástico/métodos , Siliconas , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Imagenología TridimensionalRESUMEN
The Signature Series Symposium "Cellular Therapies for Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Disease Proven and Unproven Therapies-Promise, Facts and Fantasy" was held as a pre-meeting of the 26th International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) annual congress in Montreal, Canada, May 2, 2018. This was the first ISCT program that was entirely dedicated to the advancement of cell-based therapies for musculoskeletal diseases. Cellular therapies in musculoskeletal medicine are a source of great promise and opportunity. They are also the source of public controversy, confusion and misinformation. Patients, clinicians, scientists, industry and government share a commitment to clear communication and responsible development of the field. Therefore, this symposium convened thought leaders from around the world in a forum designed to catalyze communication and collaboration to bring the greatest possible innovation and value to patients with musculoskeletal conditions.
Asunto(s)
Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos/métodos , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/terapia , Animales , Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos/normas , Fantasía , Humanos , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/veterinaria , Ortopedia , Medicina Regenerativa/métodos , Sociedades Científicas , Investigación Biomédica Traslacional/legislación & jurisprudencia , Investigación Biomédica Traslacional/normas , Medicina Veterinaria/métodosRESUMEN
Waste disposal has become a worldwide problem in terms of environment damage and pollution. If they are disposed without any treatment, besides the impact and commitment of natural resources there are also great and serious consequences to human and animal health. The Brazilian legislation is generic and can be applied to waste generated in veterinary services, but due to the diversity of animal species and their distinct activities, it is not enough clear. The present paper discuss the main residues generated in animal production in general, with particular interest to animal health care waste and rationalize the information to be attended the current standards with appropriate practices of control, management and environmental adequate disposal of the waste generated in animal area. As results it were produced the Waste Management Plan for Animal Health Services, and stickers with the main residues generated in the activities of the animal area. It was also concluded that there are an urgent need for a specific legislation for the animal area, since there is a gap between theory and what is accomplished in current practice.
Os resíduos têm se tornado um problema mundial quanto ao prejuízo e poluição do meio ambiente, pois além do impacto e comprometimento dos recursos naturais, eles trazem grandes e graves consequências à saúde humana e dos animais. A legislação relativa ao descarte em vigor no Brasil é genérica e aplica-se também aos resíduos gerados em serviços veterinários, porém, devido à diversidade de espécies animais e atividades distintas, ela não é suficientemente clara. O presente trabalho discorre sobre os principais resíduos gerados na produção animal em geral e, em especial, sobre os resíduos de atendimento à saúde animal, organizando as informações para o cumprimento das atuais normas, com práticas adequadas de gestão, manejo e destinação ambientalmente adequada dos resíduos gerados na área animal. Como resultados foram produzidos o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde Animal (PGRSSA) e um adesivo com os principais resíduos gerados nas atividades da área animal. Concluiu-se também que, pela complexidade do tema, há a urgente necessidade de legislação específica para a área animal, dado o distanciamento entre a teoria e o que é realizado na prática.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Administración de Residuos/estadística & datos numéricos , Administración de Residuos/métodos , Medicina Veterinaria/métodos , AmbienteRESUMEN
Waste disposal has become a worldwide problem in terms of environment damage and pollution. If they are disposed without any treatment, besides the impact and commitment of natural resources there are also great and serious consequences to human and animal health. The Brazilian legislation is generic and can be applied to waste generated in veterinary services, but due to the diversity of animal species and their distinct activities, it is not enough clear. The present paper discuss the main residues generated in animal production in general, with particular interest to animal health care waste and rationalize the information to be attended the current standards with appropriate practices of control, management and environmental adequate disposal of the waste generated in animal area. As results it were produced the Waste Management Plan for Animal Health Services, and stickers with the main residues generated in the activities of the animal area. It was also concluded that there are an urgent need for a specific legislation for the animal area, since there is a gap between theory and what is accomplished in current practice.(AU)
Os resíduos têm se tornado um problema mundial quanto ao prejuízo e poluição do meio ambiente, pois além do impacto e comprometimento dos recursos naturais, eles trazem grandes e graves consequências à saúde humana e dos animais. A legislação relativa ao descarte em vigor no Brasil é genérica e aplica-se também aos resíduos gerados em serviços veterinários, porém, devido à diversidade de espécies animais e atividades distintas, ela não é suficientemente clara. O presente trabalho discorre sobre os principais resíduos gerados na produção animal em geral e, em especial, sobre os resíduos de atendimento à saúde animal, organizando as informações para o cumprimento das atuais normas, com práticas adequadas de gestão, manejo e destinação ambientalmente adequada dos resíduos gerados na área animal. Como resultados foram produzidos o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde Animal (PGRSSA) e um adesivo com os principais resíduos gerados nas atividades da área animal. Concluiu-se também que, pela complexidade do tema, há a urgente necessidade de legislação específica para a área animal, dado o distanciamento entre a teoria e o que é realizado na prática.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Medicina Veterinaria/métodos , Administración de Residuos/métodos , Administración de Residuos/estadística & datos numéricos , AmbienteRESUMEN
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are among the most rigorous ways to determine the causal relationship between an intervention and important clinical outcome. Their use in veterinary medicine has become increasingly common, and as is often the case, with progress comes new challenges. Randomized clinical trials yield important answers, but results from these studies can be unhelpful or even misleading unless the study design and reporting are carried out with care. Herein, we offer some perspective on several emerging challenges associated with RCTs, including use of composite endpoints, the reporting of different forms of risk, analysis in the presence of missing data, and issues of reporting and safety assessment. These topics are explored in the context of previously reported veterinary internal medicine studies as well as through illustrative examples with hypothetical data sets. Moreover, many insights germane to RCTs in veterinary internal medicine can be drawn from the wealth of experience with RCTs in the human medical field. A better understanding of the issues presented here can help improve the design, interpretation, and reporting of veterinary RCTs.
Asunto(s)
Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto/veterinaria , Animales , Exactitud de los Datos , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Determinación de Punto Final/veterinaria , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto/métodos , Medición de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Medicina Veterinaria/métodosRESUMEN
Toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis, and brucellosis are global zoonoses, with humans as accidental participants in their transmission cycles. The can also be considered occupational diseases, because certain professionals are at greater risk of contact and infection by such zoonoses. These three diseases have different epidemiological characteristics because of the distinct environmental, social, cultural, and economic conditions where these pathogens circulate. Because of the importance of these diseases and their associations with specific occupations, we performed a seroepidemiological survey of Toxoplasma, Leptospira, and Brucella antibodies, with an analysis of the association between positive serum and certain occupational and environmental variables, in students of a veterinary medicine course (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th year) in a university in the northwestern region in the state of Paraná, Brazil. From May to November 2014, blood samples were collected from 157 volunteers by professionals trained in nursing and biomedicine from the same university as the veterinary students. At the time of blood collection, the students did not present any clinical signs of the three diseases of interest. To detect antiToxoplasma gondii, anti-Leptospira spp., and anti-Brucella antibodies, indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF), microscopic agglutination test (MAT), fast agglutination test (a screening test), and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. To determine variables associated with these infections, the students were interviewed to complete an epidemiological questionnaire with environmental, behavioral, and occupational information. The associations between these variables and infections were assess by chi-square or Fischers exact tests, with a 5% significance level (α)...
A toxoplasmose, leptospirose e a brucelose são zoonoses de ampla distribuição mundial, tendo o homem como participante acidental da sua cadeia epidemiológica, entretanto, podem se apresentar como doenças ocupacionais, em diferentes categorias profissionais, despertando grande preocupação, por estarem constantemente expostos ao risco de contato e contagio com essas zoonoses. Estas três enfermidades possuem características epidemiológicas distintas, como reflexo das diferenças ambientais, sociais, culturais e econômicas encontradas em cada localidade. Considerando a importâncias destas três enfermidades e sua relação com o aspecto ocupacional o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento soroepidemiológico para toxoplasmose, leptospirose e brucelose e identificar variáveis ocupacionais e ambientais relacionadas a estas três enfermidades em acadêmicos do curso de medicina veterinária de uma universidade da região noroeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil. No período de maio a novembro de 2014, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de forma voluntária de 157 acadêmicos do curso de Medicina Veterinária (1°, 2°, 3°, 4° e 5° ano). A coleta de sangue foi realizada por profissionais habilitados da área de enfermagem e da biomedicina da respectiva universidade. No momento da coleta de sangue, os acadêmicos não apresentavam manifestação de qualquer sinal clínico das enfermidades deste estudo. Para detectar anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, anti-Leptospira spp. e anti-Brucella foram realizadas as técnicas de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), aglutinação microscópica (SAM), aglutinação rápida (triagem) e ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) respectivamente e para a detecção de variáveis associadas às infecções, os acadêmicos foram entrevistados, respondendo a um questionário epidemiológico com informações ambientais, comportamentais e ocupacionais relacionadas às enfermidades...
Asunto(s)
Brucelosis , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Leptospirosis , Medicina Veterinaria/métodos , Toxoplasmosis , Anticuerpos/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos/análisisRESUMEN
Toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis, and brucellosis are global zoonoses, with humans as accidental participants in their transmission cycles. The can also be considered occupational diseases, because certain professionals are at greater risk of contact and infection by such zoonoses. These three diseases have different epidemiological characteristics because of the distinct environmental, social, cultural, and economic conditions where these pathogens circulate. Because of the importance of these diseases and their associations with specific occupations, we performed a seroepidemiological survey of Toxoplasma, Leptospira, and Brucella antibodies, with an analysis of the association between positive serum and certain occupational and environmental variables, in students of a veterinary medicine course (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th year) in a university in the northwestern region in the state of Paraná, Brazil. From May to November 2014, blood samples were collected from 157 volunteers by professionals trained in nursing and biomedicine from the same university as the veterinary students. At the time of blood collection, the students did not present any clinical signs of the three diseases of interest. To detect antiToxoplasma gondii, anti-Leptospira spp., and anti-Brucella antibodies, indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF), microscopic agglutination test (MAT), fast agglutination test (a screening test), and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. To determine variables associated with these infections, the students were interviewed to complete an epidemiological questionnaire with environmental, behavioral, and occupational information. The associations between these variables and infections were assess by chi-square or Fischers exact tests, with a 5% significance level (α)...(AU)
A toxoplasmose, leptospirose e a brucelose são zoonoses de ampla distribuição mundial, tendo o homem como participante acidental da sua cadeia epidemiológica, entretanto, podem se apresentar como doenças ocupacionais, em diferentes categorias profissionais, despertando grande preocupação, por estarem constantemente expostos ao risco de contato e contagio com essas zoonoses. Estas três enfermidades possuem características epidemiológicas distintas, como reflexo das diferenças ambientais, sociais, culturais e econômicas encontradas em cada localidade. Considerando a importâncias destas três enfermidades e sua relação com o aspecto ocupacional o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento soroepidemiológico para toxoplasmose, leptospirose e brucelose e identificar variáveis ocupacionais e ambientais relacionadas a estas três enfermidades em acadêmicos do curso de medicina veterinária de uma universidade da região noroeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil. No período de maio a novembro de 2014, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de forma voluntária de 157 acadêmicos do curso de Medicina Veterinária (1°, 2°, 3°, 4° e 5° ano). A coleta de sangue foi realizada por profissionais habilitados da área de enfermagem e da biomedicina da respectiva universidade. No momento da coleta de sangue, os acadêmicos não apresentavam manifestação de qualquer sinal clínico das enfermidades deste estudo. Para detectar anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, anti-Leptospira spp. e anti-Brucella foram realizadas as técnicas de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), aglutinação microscópica (SAM), aglutinação rápida (triagem) e ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) respectivamente e para a detecção de variáveis associadas às infecções, os acadêmicos foram entrevistados, respondendo a um questionário epidemiológico com informações ambientais, comportamentais e ocupacionais relacionadas às enfermidades...(AU)
Asunto(s)
Medicina Veterinaria/métodos , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Toxoplasmosis , Leptospirosis , Brucelosis , Anticuerpos/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos/análisisRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) values in healthy dogs using pulse wave Doppler ultrasound. A secondary aim was to determine the feasibility of this method and to report the intra- and interobserver reproducibilities of the PWV in conscious dogs. The data were studied in 30 healthy, adult, male (n = 15) and female (n = 15) dogs. The time interval marked between the R wave peak of the electrocardiogram and the intersection of the blood flow wave upstroke of the Doppler spectrum with the baseline of zero frequency was determined for the carotid (T1) and for the femoral (T2) arteries. The distance covered by the pulse wave (L) was determined. The PWV was then calculated using the following formula: L/T2 - T1. The mean values of PWV calculated from the total sample (n = 30) evaluated were 13.41 ± 2.20 m/s. No significant statistical difference was observed for the PWV measurements between males (14.82 ± 3.18 m/s) and females (12.64 ± 2.45 m/s). The analysis revealed no intra nor interobserver differences. A reasonable reproducibility of the PWV measurements was showed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and the coefficients of variation (CV). These data demonstrate that noninvasive vascular Doppler analysis is a feasible and reproducible method to determine the carotid-femoral PWV in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Arterias Carótidas/fisiología , Arteria Femoral/fisiología , Análisis de la Onda del Pulso/veterinaria , Ultrasonografía Doppler , Medicina Veterinaria/métodos , Animales , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Digital radiographic imaging is increasing in veterinary practice. The use of radiation demands responsibility to maintain high image quality. Low doses are necessary because workers are requested to restrain the animal. Optimizing digital systems is necessary to avoid unnecessary exposure, causing the phenomenon known as dose creep. Homogeneous phantoms are widely used to optimize image quality and dose. We developed an automatic computational methodology to classify and quantify tissues (i.e., lung tissue, adipose tissue, muscle tissue, and bone) in canine chest computed tomography exams. The thickness of each tissue was converted to simulator materials (i.e., Lucite, aluminum, and air). Dogs were separated into groups of 20 animals each according to weight. Mean weights were 6.5 ± 2.0 kg, 15.0 ± 5.0 kg, 32.0 ± 5.5 kg, and 50.0 ± 12.0 kg, for the small, medium, large, and giant groups, respectively. The one-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in all simulator material thicknesses (p < 0.05) quantified between groups. As a result, four phantoms were constructed for dorsoventral and lateral views. In conclusion, the present methodology allows the development of phantoms of the canine chest and possibly other body regions and/or animals. The proposed phantom is a practical tool that may be employed in future work to optimize veterinary X-ray procedures.
Asunto(s)
Fantasmas de Imagen/veterinaria , Dosis de Radiación , Radiografía Torácica/veterinaria , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Animales , Perros , Radiografía Torácica/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Tórax , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Medicina Veterinaria/métodos , Rayos XRESUMEN
Reptile hematologic data provide important health information for conservation efforts of vulnerable wildlife species such as the Galapagos tortoise (Chelonoidis spp.). Given the reported discrepancies between manual leukocyte counts for nonmammalian species, two manual leukocyte quantification methods, the Natt and Herrick's (NH) and the Eopette (EO), were compared to white blood cell (WBC) estimates from blood films of 42 free-living, clinically healthy, adult female Galapagos tortoises. To investigate the effects of delay in sample processing, estimated WBC counts and leukocyte differentials were compared for blood films prepared at time of collection under field conditions (T0) to blood films prepared from samples that were stored for 18-23 hr at 4°C in the laboratory (T1). Passing-Bablok regression analysis revealed no constant or proportional error between the NH and WBC estimates (T0 and T1) with slopes of 1.1 and 0.9, respectively. However both constant and proportional errors were present between EO and WBC estimates (T0 and T1) with slopes of 3.1 and 2.7, respectively. Bland Altman plots also showed agreement between the NH and WBC estimates where the points fell within the confidence-interval limit lines and were evenly distributed about the mean. In contrast, the EO and WBC estimate comparisons showed numerous points above the upper limit line, especially at higher concentrations. WBC estimates obtained from T0 and T1 films were in agreement, whereas heterophil and monocyte percentages based on differentials were not. Cell morphology and preservation were superior in T0 blood films because thrombocytes exhibited swelling after storage, becoming difficult to differentiate from lymphocytes. In this study, the highest quality and most reliable hematologic data in Galapagos tortoises were obtained by combining immediate blood film preparation with the NH leukocyte quantification method and a confirmatory WBC estimate from the blood film.