RESUMEN
Rhodiola alsia, which has been used widely in traditional Chinese medicine for a considerable time, grows on moist habitats at high altitude near the snow line. Microsatellite loci were developed for R. alsia to investigate its population genetics. In total, 17 polymorphic microsatellites were developed based on ESTs from the Illumina HiSeq(TM) 2000 platform. The microsatellite loci were checked for variability using 80 individuals of R. alsia sampled from four locations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from 10 to 20, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 1.000. The null allele frequency ranged from 0.000 to 0.324. These microsatellites are expected to be helpful in future studies of population genetics in R. alsia and related species.
Asunto(s)
Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Plantas Medicinales/genética , Rhodiola/genética , Alelos , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional Tibetana , Polimorfismo Genético , TibetRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to identify formulas used at Men-Tsee-Khang (Tibetan Medical and Astrological Institute), India, for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and to compare the Tibetan usage of particular ingredients with pharmacological data from the scientific database. Using ethnographic methods, five doctors were selected and interviewed. A correlation was observed between central nervous system disorders and rLung, one of the three humors in Tibetan medicine, which imbalance is the source of mental disorders, and ten multi-ingredient formulas used to treat the imbalance of this particular humor were identified. These formulas utilize 61 ingredients; among them were 48 plant species. Each formula treats several symptoms related to rLung imbalance, so the plants may have therapeutic uses distinct from those of the formulas in which they are included. Myristica fragrans, nutmeg, is contained in 100% of the formulas, and its seeds exhibit stimulant and depressant actions affecting the central nervous system. Preclinical and clinical data from the scientific literature indicate that all of the formulas include ingredients with neuropsychiatric action and corroborate the therapeutic use of 75.6% of the plants. These findings indicate a level of congruence between the therapeutic uses of particular plant species in Tibetan and Western medicines.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Tradicional Tibetana/métodos , Trastornos Mentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , India , Preparaciones de Plantas/químicaRESUMEN
Introduction: Men-Tsee-Khang in Dharamsala, India, formally known as the Tibetan Medical and Astrological Institute (TMAI), is dedicated to the teachings and practice of Tibetan medicine, which uses therapeutic agents in multi-ingredient formulas. Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to identify formulas used at Men-Tsee-Khang for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and to compare the Tibetan usage of particular ingredients with pharmacological data from the scientific database. Methods: Using ethnographic techniques and methods, five physicians were selected, and the interviews were conducted between July 2010 and February 2011. Results: A correlation was observed between central nervous system disorders and rLung, one of the three humors in Tibetan medicine, and 10 formulas used to treat the imbalance of this particular humor were identified. These formulas utilize 61 ingredients, including salts, animal products and plants. The 48 plant species identified in these formulas are traditionally used in Tibetan medicine and are deposited at the Men-Tsee-Khang Herbarium. Each formula treats several symptoms related to rLung imbalance, so the plants may have therapeutic uses distinct from those of the formulas in which they are included. Data from the scientific literature indicate that all of the formulas include ingredients with neuropsychiatric action and corroborate the therapeutic use of 75,6% of the plants. Conclusion: These findings indicate a level of congruence between the therapeutic uses of particular plant species in Tibetan and Western medicines.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Tradicional Tibetana , Composición de Medicamentos , Neuropsiquiatría , Enfermedades del Sistema NerviosoRESUMEN
Tibetan mushroom (TM) is a fermented beverage composed by a dozen of bacteria and yeasts living together into polysaccharide grains secreted by them. TM is similar to kefir, a probiotic beverage originated in the Caucasian mountains exhibiting some anti-bacterial, anti-mycotic, anti-neoplastic and immunomodulatory effects. Aiming to evaluate a plausible anti-inflammatory property of TM we conducted cotton-induced granuloma and paw edema assays in rats, the latter using carrageenin, dextran and histamine as stimuli. TM samples were thawed and continuously cultured during 15 days into molasses solutions (50 g/l). The experiments used TM suspensions after 24h fermentation and TM grains mechanically disintegrated. The results showed a significant inhibition on the formation of granuloma tissue for the test group as compared to the negative control group. TM suspensions presented an inhibition of 43% for the inflammatory process. Rat paw edema also showed significant decreases with the mediators. The edema induced by carrageenin was inhibited 62% at the 3rd hour. The edema dextran-induced was completely inhibited at 1h and antagonized the histamine edema 52% at 1h.