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A presente pesquisa apresenta a compreensão do processo histórico de construção do campo da Saúde Coletiva introduzindo com seu desdobramento histórico-conceitual e apresentando a proposta da Política Nacional de Humanização e de sua influência no conjunto das práticas em saúde. Como referencial teórico no campo da Saúde Coletiva utilizamos os argumentos da racionalidade médica, medicalização e os arranjos econômicos apontados por alguns autores, que promovem a reflexão crítica sobre as relações que se dão entre profissionais e usuários dentro de uma proposta mais ampla de respeito à autonomia do outro e sobre as práticas de cuidado que promovemos no serviço. Em seguida, apresenta um processo de inserção da humanização na formação médica a partir da compreensão das Diretrizes Curriculares do Curso de Graduação da Medicina numa Escola de Medicina como um referencial importante na implementação do Projeto Pedagógico do Curso, associado as propostas da humanização no campo da prática. Como trajetória metodológica adotamos uma mixagem de alguns métodos, predominando a análise documental e a pesquisa qualitativa. Neste sentido foram analisados documentos normativos federais, projeto político pedagógico e diretrizes curriculares além da própria Política Nacional de Humanização. Finalizando, analisamos a percepção do docente diante dos fenômenos que se dão no cotidiano do ensino-serviço. Por meio das vivências apresentadas procuramos provocar a reflexão sobre os valores que são defendidos no campo da Saúde Coletiva e que necessitam ser explorados na formação da prática médica na busca por um médico humanizado. A pesquisa convida aos docentes que atuam em campo da prática médica, com alunos da disciplina de Medicina Social, a promoverem uma reflexão sobre a sua atuação no processo de formação do médico

This presente study presents the historical process of the building of the collective health area comprehension stating its concept unrolling and showing the Nacional Humanization Policy proposition and its influence on the field of health. As a reference, we used the argument of medical rationale, drugs intake and the economics arranges pointed by some authors who promote critical reflexion among the connection between the professionals and patients within a wide proposal in respect of one's autonomy and care practice promoted while in service. Then it proposes a process of humanization in the medicine graduation from the comprehension of the Diretrizes Curriculares do Curso de Graduação da Medicina in a medicine school playing an important role to the instructional Project of the course, associated with the humanization in practice. As a methodological pattern we took measures which prevail the documental analysis and qualitative research. In this respect, it has been dissected normative federal documents, public pedagogical projects and curricular guidelines beyond the Nacional Humanization Policy. Finally, we analised the perception of the docent before the circumstances that happen in a daily basis of teaching-service. Through what was presented, we intended to make people think about the values that are defended in the collective health field and need to be widly explored in the medical graduation practice chasing for a humanized professional. The research invites all docents who act as doctors along with students related to the subject Social Medicine to promote reflexion over one's performance during the graduation

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BACKGROUND: As global health interest has risen, so too has the relevance of education on the social determinants of health and health equity. Social medicine offers a particularly salient framework for educating on the social determinants of health, health disparities, and health equity. SocMed and EqualHealth, 2 unique but related organizations, offer annual global health courses in Uganda, Haiti, and the United States, which train students to understand and respond to the social determinants of health through praxis, self-reflection and self-awareness, and building collaborative partnerships across difference. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to describe an innovative pedagogical approach to teaching social medicine and global health. We draw on the notion of praxis, which illuminates the value of iterative reflection and action, to critically examine our points of weakness as educators in order to derive lessons with broad applicability for those engaged in global health work. METHODS: The data for this paper were collected through an autoethnography of teaching 10 global health social medicine courses in Uganda and Haiti since 2010. It draws on revealing descriptions from participant observation, student feedback collected in anonymous course evaluations, and ongoing relationships with alumni. FINDINGS: Critical analysis reveals 3 significant and complicated tensions raised by our courses. The first point of weakness pertains to issues of course ownership by North American outsiders. The second tension emerges from explicit acknowledgment of social and economic inequities among our students and faculty. Finally, there are ongoing challenges of sustaining positive momentum toward social change after transformative course experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Although successful in generating transformative learning experiences, these courses expose significant fracture points worth interrogating as educators, activists, and global health practitioners. Ultimately, we have identified a need for building equitable partnerships and intentional community, embracing discomfort, and moving beyond reflection to praxis in global health education.

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Maria Cecília Ferro Donnangelo dedicou-se na USP ao estudo epesquisa sobre o processo de penetração das relações capitalistas de produçãonos serviços de saúde, especialmente na prática médica e na constituiçãodo mercado de trabalho médico na cidade de São Paulo. O livro“Medicina e Sociedade: o mercado de trabalho”, publicado pela EditoraPioneira em 1975, foi a base de meu trabalho de Doutorado no Departamentode Medicina Preventiva na Faculdade de Medicina da USP ondeCecília era professora e orientava teses.Realizamos uma pesquisa, até então inédita no Rio de Janeiro, centradana constituição e desenvolvimento dos planos de saúde colocadosem prática pelas empresas médicas ainda que de forma incipiente no Riode Janeiro. Constitui-se o complexo médico-empresarial com o componenteempresas médicas de pré-pagamento. Em 1974, teve grande relevânciapolítica o Plano de Pronta Ação (PPA). A Previdência Social teve destaque fundamental.

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The article analyzes the teaching and learning of social sciences in health sciences courses from the perspective of the curriculum and learning generated by research groups and thesis supervision activities. The author conducts a rereading of the classics and main contemporary scientists, based on the subarea's scientific output and her own personal experience as professor, researcher, and thesis supervisor. The article focuses on the tradition and teaching of the classics in social sciences, the main contemporary social theories, social sciences in health with an emphasis on teaching, and observations on the interface between teaching in social sciences and life sciences. The author concludes by highlighting the importance of work by social scientists in the health field and identifies the following problematic points: difficulties in dealing with mediations between the biological and the social; frequent subordination of foundations to techniques; and ideological and common-sense issues in the teaching and appropriation of social sciences in health.

Problematiza-se o ensino/aprendizagem das Ciências Sociais nos cursos da área de saúde, sob a perspectiva curricular e também da aprendizagem gerada nos grupos de pesquisa e nas atividades de orientação. Para escrever o texto, a autora faz uma releitura dos clássicos e de cientistas contemporâneos de referência, apoia-se na produção científica da subárea e serve-se de sua experiência pessoal como professora, pesquisadora e orientadora. No artigo são destacados: a tradição e o ensino dos clássicos das Ciências Sociais; as principais teorias sociais na atualidade; as Ciências Sociais em saúde com ênfase no ensino; e observações de articulação entre o ensino das Ciências Sociais e das ciências biomédicas. A autora conclui valorizando a importância do que tem sido realizado pelos cientistas sociais da área e ressalta alguns pontos problemáticos: dificuldades de trabalhar as mediações entre o biológico e o social; frequente relegação dos fundamentos a favor das técnicas; e problemas ideológicos e de senso comum no ensino e apropriação da ciência social em saúde.

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The article analyzes the teaching and learning of social sciences in health sciences courses from the perspective of the curriculum and learning generated by research groups and thesis supervision activities. The author conducts a rereading of the classics and main contemporary scientists, based on the subarea's scientific output and her own personal experience as professor, researcher, and thesis supervisor. The article focuses on the tradition and teaching of the classics in social sciences, the main contemporary social theories, social sciences in health with an emphasis on teaching, and observations on the interface between teaching in social sciences and life sciences. The author concludes by highlighting the importance of work by social scientists in the health field and identifies the following problematic points: difficulties in dealing with mediations between the biological and the social; frequent subordination of foundations to techniques; and ideological and common-sense issues in the teaching and appropriation of Social Sciences in Health.

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Se exponen conceptos actuales sobre la promoción de salud y la salud humana en el contexto de las ideas medulares que conforman la totalidad en salud, así como también se analizan los desafíos que enfrenta la salud pública, la relación salud-enfermedad, la prevención de enfermedades, las intervenciones de la promoción y sus componentes. De igual forma se formulan consideraciones sobre evaluación, evidencias y características indispensables de los modelos e investigaciones en promoción de la salud y su entramado con el capital social. Se afirma que la satisfacción, el bienestar y la mejoría de la calidad de vida de las personas y su entorno, son el fruto de un trabajo conjunto de los profesionales sanitarios y la sociedad(AU)

Current concepts on health promotion and human health in the context of the central ideas in terms of health are stated, and challenges that the public health faces, health-disease relationship, prevention of disease, interventions of promotion and their components are discussed as well. Moreover, considerations on evaluation, evidence and essential characteristics of models and investigations in health promotion and its framework with the social capital are made. It is argued that satisfaction, well-being and improved quality of life of people and their environment are the result of joint work of health professionals and society(AU)

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Se exponen conceptos actuales sobre la promoción de salud y la salud humana en el contexto de las ideas medulares que conforman la totalidad en salud, así como también se analizan los desafíos que enfrenta la salud pública, la relación salud-enfermedad, la prevención de enfermedades, las intervenciones de la promoción y sus componentes. De igual forma se formulan consideraciones sobre evaluación, evidencias y características indispensables de los modelos e investigaciones en promoción de la salud y su entramado con el capital social. Se afirma que la satisfacción, el bienestar y la mejoría de la calidad de vida de las personas y su entorno, son el fruto de un trabajo conjunto de los profesionales sanitarios y la sociedad

Current concepts on health promotion and human health in the context of the central ideas in terms of health are stated, and challenges that the public health faces, health-disease relationship, prevention of disease, interventions of promotion and their components are discussed as well. Moreover, considerations on evaluation, evidence and essential characteristics of models and investigations in health promotion and its framework with the social capital are made. It is argued that satisfaction, well-being and improved quality of life of people and their environment are the result of joint work of health professionals and society

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La mortalidad maternaes, todavía, en el siglo XXI un grave problema de salud pública. Ségun la OMS ocurren por año en el mundo 600.00 muertes maternas, todas por causas absulutamente prevenibles. El 98 por ciento de los fallecimietos ocurren en los países en desarrollo memergentes donde la pobreza, la educación deficitaria, el analfabetismo, el trabajo esclavizante, el no reconocimiento de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, los abortos clandestinos en condiciones inseguras, la falta de accesiblidad a los servicios de salud y el compromiso solo en términos enunciativos de los gobiernos en los foros internacionales son internacionales son determinantes de este flagelo. Los derechos humanos mas allá de enunciados hay que protegerlos. La Republica Argentina no escapa a esta tragedia ni a sus determinantes.

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La mortalidad maternaes, todavía, en el siglo XXI un grave problema de salud pública. Ségun la OMS ocurren por año en el mundo 600.00 muertes maternas, todas por causas absulutamente prevenibles. El 98 por ciento de los fallecimietos ocurren en los países en desarrollo memergentes donde la pobreza, la educación deficitaria, el analfabetismo, el trabajo esclavizante, el no reconocimiento de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, los abortos clandestinos en condiciones inseguras, la falta de accesiblidad a los servicios de salud y el compromiso solo en términos enunciativos de los gobiernos en los foros internacionales son internacionales son determinantes de este flagelo. Los derechos humanos mas allá de enunciados hay que protegerlos. La Republica Argentina no escapa a esta tragedia ni a sus determinantes.

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Latin American social medicine arose during the 1950s and 1960s, drawing its inspiration from the social movements that emerged in France, Germany, and England in the mid-19th century. The Latin American movement of social medicine has clear ideological goals. It is organized around the Latin American Association of Social Medicine, which was founded in 1984 and is regarded as a social, political, and academic movement. This article takes a historical perspective and presents the reasons for the emergence and identity of the association, focusing on the main developments and contributions of this movement from the 1990s until the present time.

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In the present study we discuss some transformations in undergraduate training in Preventive and Social Medicine in the Department of Social Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeiro Preto, University of So Paulo, from 1993 to 1999. Aspects of the relationship between medical training and the reorganization of local services of the Brazilian national health system, and between graduate teaching in Preventive and Social Medicine and medical education as a whole are discussed. The crisis in Preventive and Social Medicine and its influence of medical training are evaluated. Trends for the application of a body of knowledge of the specialty and for the relationship between the department and the medical school are discussed.

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PURPOSE: The authors present a community work experience in a 410 children Catholic day nursery institution. METHODS: Through non-structured interview and play, clinical-epidemiological observation and a survey of the health needs of three months to six years old children were made. RESULTS: Four relevant themes were identified for the population: hygiene, oral health, ocular health and substance abuse in some family members. In order to deal with these matters, an interactive educational program was organized which included acting activities, films, competitions and laboratory activities with artificial anatomic shapes. CONCLUSION: These activities give the medical student the opportunity to get acquainted with the not very well known social reality and be committed to the public health.

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The curriculum in community health is best described as eclectic and dynamic. Its relevance is maintained by its response to the macro-environment; this response, whether innovative or otherwise, may be incremental on the one hand or feature wholesale change consequent on radical rethinking on the other. This paper reviews the content of the emerging curriculum in community health at the University of the West Indies, Jamaica, and attempts to discern the process of change and the factors which have informed these developments.

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The curriculum in community health is best described as eclectic and dynamic. Its relevance is maintained by its response to the macro-environment; this response, whether innovative or otherwise, may be incremental on the one hand or feature wholesale change consequent on radical rethinking on the other. This paper reviews the content of the emerging curriculum in community health at the University of the West Indies, Jamaica, and attempts to discern the process of change and the factors which have informed these developments.

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Trata-se de pequisa social de caráter qualitativo em que se buscou reconstruir e repensar o projeto de ensino do Departamento de Medicina Social e Preventiva da PUCCAMP (DMSP). Partindo-se da contextualização das escolas médicas e do ensino na Saúde Coletiva em relação ao SUS, procurou-se reconhecer as características deste projeto, e especialmente, da docência-assistência efetivada em serviços básicos integrados à rede municipal. Objetivando-se analisar aspectos do processo ensino-aprendizagem, construiu-se um referencial baseado na análise institucional e em modelos educacionais. Como estratégias metodológicas, associou-se à análise documental e bibliográfica, a interpretação das falas dos sujeitos envolvidos no projeto (coordenadores, docentes, alunos e funcionários dos Centros de Saúde), coletadas através de questionários semi-estruturados, entrevistas e grupos focais. Ao traçar a trajetória dos docentes foram reconhecidos momentos distintos da história do projeto. Constatou-se também a existência de condições peculiares da PUCCAMP, relativas ao projeto docente-assistencial na rede básica e ao trabalho multi-profissional. Apesar das dificuldades no cumprimentos dos objetivos pedagógicos das disciplinas, decorrentes, principalmente, do modelo biomédico de ensino, da problemática relativa ao SUS e da estrutura da própria universidade, ficou demonstrado que o DMSP contribui para que o curso responda às proposituras colocadas, na atualidade, para o ensino médico. Este resultado decorre do trabalho coletivo e dedicação dos professores e das eqúipes docente-assistenciais, que confoam um fazer pedagógico que possibilita aos alunos a vivência de situações marcantes e o conhecimento de conteúdos 'novos' e diferenciados do espaço hospitalar...

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