RESUMEN
Our principal Regional hospital take his name in honor to his profesional outstanding performance as a surgeon and director of it establishment, but existing controversiesas for the date and place of his born and marriage. We present exclusively his baptism and marriage certificate that clarifies this doubts
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Medicina Interna , Matrimonio/historia , Certificado de Nacimiento , Clase , CirujanosRESUMEN
A agricultura paulista apresentou uma significativa expansão durante o final do século XVIII e início do XIX. Representativa de uma região de grandes propriedades escravistas, Campinas foi a localidade estudada devido à grande riqueza documental, de tal forma que este artigo foi pautado, principalmente, pelo Mapa Geral de Habitantes existente para o período de 1798 a 1822, acrescentando-se informações provenientes das Listas Nominativas de habitantes e dos Registros Paroquiais. Os resultados do estudo mostraram um crescimento demográfico de grande intensidade, sobretudo da população cativa.
The development of agriculture in São Paulo, Brazil, presented a significant expansion during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, which is the focus of this paper. The purpose is to understand the dynamics and movements of these populations of a region of plantations (slaveholding properties). The sources for this discussion are derived from the General Map of Inhabitants existing for the period 1798-1822 in Campinas, with added data from the Nominative Lists of inhabitants and Parish Registers. Despite evident data limitation, there was a strong demographic increase, especially in captive population.
La agricultura paulista tuvo una expansión significativa durante los últimos años del siglo XVIII y los comienzos del XIX. En tanto región de grandes propiedades esclavistas, Campinas se estudia por su gran riqueza documental, de modo que este artículo fue pautado principalmente por el Mapa General de Habitantes del período 1798-1822, ampliado con información proveniente de las listas nominativas de habitantes y de los registros parroquiales. Finalmente, se verificó un crecimiento demográfico de gran intensidad, sobre todo en lo que refiere a la población esclava.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , Matrimonio/historia , Tasa de Natalidad , Mortalidad/historia , Crecimiento Demográfico , Colonialismo/historia , Esclavización/historia , Brasil , Registros , Distribución por Sexo , Indicadores Demográficos , Índice de FecundidadRESUMEN
This paper analyzes biological and scientific discourses about the racial composition of the Brazilian population, between 1832 and 1911. The first of these dates represents Darwin's first arrival in the South-American country during his voyage on H.M.S. Beagle. The study ends in 1911, with the celebration of the First universal Races congress in London, where the Brazilian physical anthropologist J.B. Lacerda predicted the complete extinction of black Brazilians by the year 2012. Contemporary European and North-American racial theories had a profound influence in Brazilian scientific debates on race and miscegenation. These debates also reflected a wider political and cultural concern, shared by most Brazilian scholars, about the future of the Nation. With few known exceptions, Brazilian evolutionists, medical doctors, physical anthropologists, and naturalists, considered that the racial composition of the population was a handicap to the commonly shared nationalistic goal of creating a modern and progressive Brazilian Republic.
Asunto(s)
Historia Natural/historia , Grupos Raciales , Racismo/historia , Antropología Física/historia , Evolución Biológica , Brasil , Genética de Población , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Matrimonio/historia , Médicos/historia , Médicos/psicología , Grupos Raciales/genéticaRESUMEN
Marital isonymy is frequently used to estimate inbreeding and the repeated pairs method is useful to investigate whether the population under examination has subdivisions. These methods can also be applied to registers, such as population censuses, where both spouses' surnames are noted. In this paper, the 1795 census for Córdoba province is analysed. Numerically speaking, Spanish and mixed-race people are the major ethno-social groups in the register. In order to estimate inbreeding, the isonymic method was applied to both groups, at provincial and at parish level. To appreciate to what extent the parishes were genetically isolated, Wright's Fst was also calculated. The repeated pairs method was also used for both groups to assess if population subdivision existed in the units under study. Finally, to evaluate whether the subdivision based on surnames reflected the ethno-social stratification, the same method was used considering the two groups together. At the provincial scale, both groups displayed low inbreeding and micro-differentiation, although the former was higher for the Spanish and the latter for mixed-race groups, which could indicate a more marked conjugal selectivity in the Spanish. At the parish scale, preferences for isonymic spouses were not pronounced either in Spanish or in mixed-race groups; in the Spanish group population subdivision prevailed, with the opposite occurring in the mixed-race group. The estimations from repeated pairs, taking the two groups together, indicated that for the studied populations the surnames do not allow the two groups to be differentiated into isolated reproductive units.
Asunto(s)
Consanguinidad , Argentina/epidemiología , Etnicidad/historia , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Humanos , Matrimonio/historia , Matrimonio/estadística & datos numéricos , Grupos Raciales/historia , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
This article examines the practice of marriage among whites, "mestizos," blacks, Cubans, and Spaniards during the first constitutional era, focusing upon the reported ages of brides and grooms. The study consists of a quantitative examination of trends found in the records of 900 Catholic marriages celebrated in Havana during the opening decades of independence. The first major finding of the research is that according to most major indicators of status, age was negatively correlated with rank. Thus, contrary to the conclusions of studies conducted in many other contexts, those in the highest strata of society married young. Furthermore, very significant differences were detected in the marital patterns of those identified as mixed-race and those labeled as black. This finding offers empirical weight to the notion that the early-mid twentieth-century Cuban racial structure would best be characterized as tripartite, rather than binary in nature.
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad , Jerarquia Social , Matrimonio , Relaciones Raciales , Sistema de Registros , Identificación Social , Catolicismo/historia , Catolicismo/psicología , Cuba/etnología , Características Culturales/historia , Demografía/historia , Etnicidad/educación , Etnicidad/etnología , Etnicidad/historia , Etnicidad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Etnicidad/psicología , Jerarquia Social/historia , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Matrimonio/etnología , Matrimonio/historia , Matrimonio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Matrimonio/psicología , Grupos de Población/educación , Grupos de Población/etnología , Grupos de Población/historia , Grupos de Población/legislación & jurisprudencia , Grupos de Población/psicología , Relaciones Raciales/historia , Relaciones Raciales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Relaciones Raciales/psicología , Esposos/educación , Esposos/etnología , Esposos/historia , Esposos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Esposos/psicologíaRESUMEN
A growing number of less-developed countries have introduced conditional cash transfer programs in which funds are targeted to women. Economic models of the family suggest that these transfer programs may lead to marital turnover among program beneficiaries. Data from the experimental evaluation of the PROGRESA program in Mexico is used to provide new evidence on the short-run impacts of targeted transfers on couples' union dissolution and individuals' new union formation decisions. We find that, although the overall share of women in union does not change as a result of the program, marital turnover increases. Intact families eligible for the transfers experienced a modest (0.32 percentage points) increase in separation rates, with most of the effect concentrated among young and relatively educated women households. In contrast, young single women with low educational attainment levels experienced a substantial increase in new union formation rates. The marital transition patterns are consistent with the workhorse economic model of the marriage market-individuals with the greatest prospects to start new unions and those who may become more attractive in the marriage market are more likely to transition out of existing relationships and form new ones.
Asunto(s)
Divorcio , Composición Familiar , Matrimonio , Factores Socioeconómicos , Mujeres Trabajadoras , Divorcio/economía , Divorcio/etnología , Divorcio/historia , Divorcio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Divorcio/psicología , Educación/economía , Educación/historia , Educación/legislación & jurisprudencia , Composición Familiar/etnología , Composición Familiar/historia , Salud de la Familia/etnología , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Renta/historia , Matrimonio/etnología , Matrimonio/historia , Matrimonio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Matrimonio/psicología , México/etnología , Factores Socioeconómicos/historia , Esposos/educación , Esposos/etnología , Esposos/historia , Esposos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Esposos/psicología , Salud de la Mujer/etnología , Salud de la Mujer/historia , Derechos de la Mujer/economía , Derechos de la Mujer/educación , Derechos de la Mujer/historia , Derechos de la Mujer/legislación & jurisprudencia , Mujeres Trabajadoras/educación , Mujeres Trabajadoras/historia , Mujeres Trabajadoras/legislación & jurisprudencia , Mujeres Trabajadoras/psicologíaRESUMEN
Nesta tese analiso os percursos de mulheres laqueadas que desejam revisitar a maternidade com o suporte da reprodução humana assistida, identificando os agentes e as instituições de socialização que foram coadjuvantes em seu processo de decisão. A análise está centrada na compreensão de como é construído o percurso, desde o arrependimento da laqueadura, até a renovação do desejo de maternidade. Partindo da hipótese de que a maternidade e a criança consaguínea ainda são preponderantes na constituição da família, descrevi e analisei esses percursos e suas implicações no jogo da recomposição familiar, uma vez que a revisita à maternidade aparece como desejo seguido de ação, alguns anos após o estabelecimento do segundo leito conjugal. Durante a discussão, surgiram outras questões pertinentes, como a valorização do discurso acerca da origem dos indivíduos e, por consequência, da biologização do social e da naturalização dos papéis. O campo de estudo foi composto por mulheres que estão a espera do tratamento de reprodução humana assistida num hospital da rede pública de saúde do Estado de São Paulo. Encontramo-nos, as mulheres e eu, algumas vezes, ora todas juntas, ora individualmente, construindo nesses encontros um tanto de afetividade. Assim, o material foi composto por transcrições do grupo de discussão, das entrevistas e das anotações do diário de campo. A reprodução humana assistida se espraia, nos dias atuais, determinando o primado da biologia, da ciência que podeproporcionar a quem busca, a possibilidade de um bebê cuja fonte de material genético é segura, certa, gene do seu gene. E essa biologização do social traz, em seu bojo, outra questão subliminar, pois ao se submeter ao tratamento de reprodução humana assistida, a mulher perpetua e garante o ideal familiar, fundo de tela de sua própria educação: uma só mãe, um só pai, em resumo, uma única e indubitável origem. Há um discurso de revalorização da gravidez, evento biológico e biográfico por excelência...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Matrimonio/historia , Matrimonio/psicología , Familia/psicología , Madres/historia , Reproducción , Esterilización Tubaria , Técnicas Reproductivas Asistidas , Reversión de la EsterilizaciónRESUMEN
This paper analyzes the discussions in the field of legal medicine in Mexico about the prudence of regulations concerning intermarriage that were decreed in the civil codes for the Federal District of 1871 and 1884. It shows that the heated debate forced the authors of the regulations to struggle for the need for medical vigilance of marriages between relatives, as a preventive measure sustained in a nihilistic vision of the pathological inheritance. The paper concludes by proposing a philosophical analysis that abandons the old fields of the "external" and the "internal".
Asunto(s)
Consanguinidad , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/historia , Legislación Médica/historia , Matrimonio/historia , Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Matrimonio/legislación & jurisprudencia , México , Autonomía ProfesionalRESUMEN
Enfocando os tópicos namoro e noivado, idade ao casar e diferenças de idade entre os cônjuges, este artigo caminha por três grandes períodos históricos: o período colonial; o século XIX até finais do XX; e o início do século XXI. Trata-se de uma análise transdisciplinar dos pontos de vista histórico, social, demográfico, legal e jurídico, focalizando o desenrolar dessas situações seja por persistências e/ou mudanças; quem e quais são os atores envolvidos e sua importância nas escolhas dos futuros nubentes. No início, a seleção era fundada no parentesco e no território, privilegiando a grande rede familiar solidária no enfrentamento das dificuldades de sobrevivência. Com os avanços da industrialização, da urbanização, da tecnologia e de comunicação, além do crescimento da importância das pessoas, as escolhas foram se transformando, diminuindo a dependência da estrutura familiar e aumentando a escolha pessoal e afetiva, influenciadas pelas variadas formas de mudança social, demográfica, jurídica.
Enfocando los tópicos noviazgo y compromiso, edad al casarse y diferencias de edad entre los cónyuges, este artículo recorre tres grandes períodos históricos: el período colonial; el siglo XIX hasta fines del XX; y el inicio del siglo XXI. Se trata de un análisis transdisciplinario de los puntos de vista históricos, sociales, demográficos, legales y jurídicos, focalizándose en el desarrollo de esas situaciones, sea por persistencias y/o cambios; quién y cuáles son los actores involucrados y su importancia en la elección de los futuros prometidos. En el comienzo, la selección se fundaba en el parentesco y en el territorio, privilegiando la gran red familiar solidaria en el enfrentamiento de las dificultades de sobrevivencia. Con los avances de la industrialización, de la urbanización, de la tecnología y de la comunicación, además del crecimiento de la importancia de las personas, las elecciones se fueron transformando, disminuyendo la dependencia de la estructura familiar y aumentando la elección personal y afectiva, influenciadas por las variadas formas de cambios sociales, demográficos, jurídicos.
This article focuses on the topics of courtship and engagement, the age at which persons marry and age differences between spouses. The text briefly describes three long historical periods, namely, the colonial period, from 19th to the late 20th centuries, and the early 21st. The discussion involves a multi-disciplinary analysis from the historical, social, demographic and legal points of view, and deals especially with the developments of these situations, either through persistence or due to change. Also considered are the actors involved and their importance in the choices of their future wife or husband. In the earliest period studied the choice was based on kinship and territory, with special importance given to broad family networks, which participated in facing the difficulties involved in survival. With the advances of industrialization, urbanization, technology and communications, and the greater importance given to the individual, the question of who was to choose the spouses evolved. Dependence on the family structure became less and less important and personal and emotional preferences became more determinant, influenced by various types of social, demographic and legal changes.
Asunto(s)
Cultura , Matrimonio/historia , Familia , Esposos , BrasilRESUMEN
Se da cuenta de las discusiones que se dieron principalmente en la medicina legal mexicana acerca de la prudencia de las regulaciones sobre el matrimonio consanguíneo que fueron decretadas en los códigos civiles para el Distrito Federal de 1871 y 1884. Se muestra que el ánimo de las mismas llevó a que sus autores pugnaran por la necesidad de la vigilancia médica de las uniones entre parientes en virtud de un ánimo profiláctico sostenido en una visión nihilista de la herencia patológica. Se concluye en proponer una lectura filosófica que abandona los antiguos campos de lo 'externo' y lo 'interno'.
This paper analyzes the discussions in the field of legal medicine in Mexico about the prudence of regulations concerning intermarriage that were decreed in the civil codes for the Federal District of 1871 and 1884. It shows that the heated debate forced the authors of the regulations to struggle for the need for medical vigilance of marriages between relatives, as a preventive measure sustained in a nihilistic vision of the pathological inheritance. The paper concludes by proposing a philosophical analysis that abandons the old fields of the "external" and the "internal".
Asunto(s)
Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Consanguinidad , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/historia , Legislación Médica/historia , Matrimonio/historia , México , Matrimonio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Autonomía ProfesionalRESUMEN
Mexico's legalization of divorce in 1917 generated tension in working-class communities such as Orizaba between traditional forms of gender relations that afforded men the right to control and discipline their wives and budding legal opportunities that provided women the opportunity to question their husbands' familial power. The state's legal reforms and its emphasis on protecting women and children were not, however intended to create equality between husbands and wives. Rather; officials believed that new laws would enable women to carry out their familial responsibilities more effectively. Nonetheless, mothers and wives were quick to understand how their ability to challenge their husbands' power overlapped with the state's mission to protect women and their children.
Asunto(s)
Divorcio/historia , Matrimonio/historia , Derechos de la Mujer/historia , Divorcio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Relaciones Familiares/legislación & jurisprudencia , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Masculino , Matrimonio/legislación & jurisprudencia , México , Derechos de la Mujer/legislación & jurisprudenciaAsunto(s)
Relaciones Extramatrimoniales , Identidad de Género , Ilegitimidad , Salud del Hombre , Conducta Social , Clase Social , Predominio Social , Salud de la Mujer , Relaciones Extramatrimoniales/etnología , Relaciones Extramatrimoniales/historia , Relaciones Extramatrimoniales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Relaciones Extramatrimoniales/psicología , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Humanos , Ilegitimidad/economía , Ilegitimidad/etnología , Ilegitimidad/historia , Ilegitimidad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Ilegitimidad/psicología , Relaciones Interpersonales , Rol Judicial/historia , Matrimonio/etnología , Matrimonio/historia , Matrimonio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Matrimonio/psicología , Salud del Hombre/economía , Salud del Hombre/etnología , Salud del Hombre/historia , Salud del Hombre/legislación & jurisprudencia , México/etnología , Medicina Militar/economía , Medicina Militar/educación , Medicina Militar/historia , Medicina Militar/legislación & jurisprudencia , Personal Militar/educación , Personal Militar/historia , Personal Militar/legislación & jurisprudencia , Personal Militar/psicología , Poder Psicológico , Embarazo , Conducta Sexual/etnología , Conducta Sexual/historia , Conducta Sexual/fisiología , Conducta Sexual/psicología , Percepción Social , Valores Sociales/etnología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Esposos/educación , Esposos/etnología , Esposos/historia , Esposos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Esposos/psicología , Salud de la Mujer/economía , Salud de la Mujer/etnología , Salud de la Mujer/historia , Salud de la Mujer/legislación & jurisprudenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Information about consanguinity in Uruguay is scarce and limited to the end of the 20th century. AIM: To determine the frequency and characteristics of consanguineous marriages, as well as chronological trends, in two Uruguayan cities over almost two centuries. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We analysed 28,393 Roman Catholic Church marriage records and Diocesan consanguinity dispensations belonging to the cities of Melo (Northeast), and Montevideo (South), for the period 1800--1994. RESULTS: 633 (2.23%) marriages were consanguineous. Among them, first cousin marriages were the most common (58.8% of all consanguineous marriages, including double consanguineous), especially those where the bride and groom were related through their maternal side. During the first decades of the 19th century both regions showed low levels of consanguinity. Consanguinity reached its maximum during the mid-1800s and decreased significantly throughout the 20th century. The overall mean coefficients of inbreeding were moderate in both cases, being greater in the Northeast (alpha=0.00165) than in the South (alpha = 0.00089). CONCLUSIONS: The low level of consanguinity as well as the structure of consanguineous marriages (distribution by degrees) is similar to that found in other southern South American countries. Temporal trends are similar to those found in industrialized regions in Europe, with maximum inbreeding levels during the middle-late 19th century; however, the clear predominance of first cousin unions, differs from most of the data for European countries. Small differences between the two cities can be related to diverse facts, such as socio-economic conditions, ethnic origin, immigration, and sampling.
Asunto(s)
Consanguinidad , Matrimonio/historia , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Masculino , Matrimonio/tendencias , Sistema de Registros , UruguayRESUMEN
Although the topic of remarriage features saliently in the cultural anthropological literature, it is virtually absent in the biological anthropology journals. This is perplexing, given that remarriage affects the differential reproductive success of males and females in a community, and could well impact a community's population structure. In this paper, we research remarriage practices in a rural 19th century community in Costa Rica. Although we find support for the proposition that males are more likely to remarry than females, we find that widows who remarry are not all young and able to reproduce. Our findings support the cross-culturally-generated suggestion that a female's ability not to remarry is tied to her to ability to own property. Remarriage is a topic of interest to biological anthropologists from a cross-cultural and biocultural perspective.
Asunto(s)
Matrimonio/etnología , Viudez/etnología , Factores de Edad , Costa Rica , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Masculino , Matrimonio/historia , Viudez/economía , Viudez/historiaRESUMEN
This analysis of some eugenic strategies for "improving the race" through the control of marriages explores Victorian England's concern with matrimony as expressed in the works of Thomas Malthus, who was interested in population growth, and of Francis Galton, who proposed that eugenics be used as a science to "improve" the innate qualities of the race. The article also discusses how this matrimonial means of control was expressed within the Brazilian eugenics movement and how it influenced the drafting of the Brazilian Civil Code.
Asunto(s)
Eugenesia/historia , Matrimonio/historia , Matrimonio/estadística & datos numéricos , Dinámica Poblacional , Brasil , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
This analysis of the forms of social protection available in Argentina during 1935-48 pays special attention to the distinguishing aspects of infant mortality and birth rates in urbanized areas along the country's coastline. Different government public health institutions -- such as pediatric and maternity institutes -- undertook assistance work among single mothers, where moral teachings played an important role and where marriage was encouraged for its regulatory role in avoiding high rates of illegitimacy. In this task, physicians, visiting nurses, and social assistants from government institutions agreed with the church hierarchy and Catholic intellectuals, since both sectors considered matrimonial legitimacy vital to limiting a decline in the national birthrate.