RESUMEN
Breast cancer has become a global health issue requiring huge expenditures for care and treatment of patients. There is a need to discover newer cost-effective alternatives for current therapeutic regimes. Mango kernel is a waste product with potential as a source of anti-cancer phytochemicals, especially since it is non-toxic towards normal breast cell lines at concentrations for which it induces cell death in breast cancer cells. In this study, the anti-cancer effect of mango kernel extract was determined on estrogen receptor-positive human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells. The MCF-7 cells were cultured and treated with 5, 10 and 50 µg/mL of mango kernel extract for 12 and 24 h. In response to treatment, there were time- and dose-dependent increases in oxidative stress markers and pro-apoptotic factors; Bcl-2-like protein 4 (BAX), p53, cytochrome c and caspases (7, 8 and 9) in the MCF-7 cells treated with the extract. At the same time, there were decreases in pro-survival markers (Bcl-2 and glutathione) as the result of the treatments. The changes induced in the MCF-7 cells by mango kernel extract treatment suggest that the extract can induce cancer cell apoptosis, likely via the activation of oxidative stress. These findings need to be evaluated further to determine whether mango kernel extract can be developed as an anti-breast cancer agent.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Mangifera/embriología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Semillas/química , Apoptosis , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Mangifera/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Embryo abortion in mango severely damages mango production worldwide. The mechanisms by which the mango embryos abort have long been an intriguing question. We used subtractive suppression hybridization to investigate the differentially expressed genes involved in this process. We generated 2 cDNA libraries from normal seed and aborted seed embryos of mango cultivar 'Jinhuang'. One thousand five hundred and seventy-two high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained, with 1092 from the normal seed tester library and 480 from the aborted seed tester library. These ESTs were assembled into 783 unigenes, including 147 contigs and 636 singletons in contigs; 297 singletons in gene ontology (GO) indicated coverage of a broad range of GO categories. Seven candidate genes from different categories were selected for semi-quantitative PCR analysis, and their possible functions in embryo abortion are discussed. These data provide new insight into the genetic regulation of embryo abortion in mango and may aid in further identification of novel genes and their functions.
Asunto(s)
Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas/genética , Mangifera/embriología , Mangifera/genética , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Semillas/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Etiquetas de Secuencia Expresada , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Infertilidad Vegetal/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
An extract of Mangifera pajang kernel has been previously found to contain a high content of antioxidant phytochemicals. The present research was conducted to investigate the anticancer potential of this kernel extract. The results showed that the kernel crude extract induced cytotoxicity in MCF-7 (hormone-dependent breast cancer) cells and MDA-MB-231 (non-hormone dependent breast cancer) cells with IC50 values of 23 and 30.5 microg/ml, respectively. The kernel extract induced cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells at the sub-G1 (apoptosis) phase of the cell cycle in a time-dependent manner. For MDA-MB-231 cells, the kernel extract induced strong G2-M arrest in cell cycle progression at 24h, resulting in substantial sub-G1 (apoptosis) arrest after 48 and 72 h of incubation. Staining with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide revealed that this apoptosis occurred early in both cell types, 36 h for MCF-7 cells and 24 h for MDA-MB-231 cells, with 14.0% and 16.5% of the cells respectively undergoing apoptosis at these times. This apoptosis appeared to be dependent on caspase-2 and -3 in MCF-7 cells, and on caspase-2, -3 and -9 in MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings suggest that M. pajang kernel extract has potential as a potent cytotoxic agent against breast cancer cell lines.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Mangifera/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Semillas/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Humanos , Mangifera/embriologíaRESUMEN
Three polyphenolic principles, 1,2,3,4,6-penta- O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose (PGG), methyl gallate (MG), and gallic acid (GA), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of seed kernels of Thai mango (MSKE) ( MANGIFERA INDICA L. cv. "Fahlun") and quantified using a TLC scanning densitometric method. The MSKE and its isolates were investigated by studying their antioxidant capacities using four different methods, by determining their IN VITRO anti-inflammatory activities, and by evaluating their hepatoprotective potential against liver injury in rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)). The hepatoprotective effect of MSKE is clearly supported by its polyphenolic nature of the main principle, PGG, which exhibited potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Mangifera/embriología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Semillas/química , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Inhibidores de la Lipooxigenasa , Hígado/enzimología , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/normas , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Análisis Espectral/métodosRESUMEN
In this paper, we described the direct somatic embryogenesis from both immature cotyledon cuts and nucelli in the same mango cultivar (Mangifera indica L. var Zihua), studied the effect of growth conditions of embryogenic cultures (EMs) on cryopreservation and compared the cryopreservation response of EMs induced from these two different explants. Histological studies demonstrated that EMs derived from nucelli could be induced directly from epidermal cells of both sides of nucelli, whereas EMs derived from cotyledon cuts were induced only from epidermal cells of the adaxial side of the cotyledons. EMs from either nucelli or cotyledon cuts could be maintained in liquid medium or on solid medium and cryopreserved using a vitrification procedure. Success of cryopreservation of EMs depended on the dehydration treatment and the defined growth conditions during culture but not on their origins. When EMs were sampled during their exponential growth phase in liquid medium and dehydrated with PVS(3) solution for 5 min, survival of the EMs induced from cotyledon cuts and nucelli reached 77.7 and 80%, respectively, after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen for 24 h. Furthermore, when dehydrated with PVS(3) solution for 30 min, all EMs induced from cotyledon cuts and 96.7% of EMs induced from nucelli could survive after cryopreservation. Cryopreservation did not affect the plant regeneration potential of EMs through somatic embryogenesis. The protocols of somatic embryogenesis and cryopreservation of mango EMs established in this study may offer potential ways to improve mango germplasm conservation and genetic improvement.
Asunto(s)
Cotiledón/crecimiento & desarrollo , Criopreservación , Mangifera/embriología , Técnicas de Cultivo , Germinación , Mangifera/citologíaRESUMEN
Nucellar tissue contained in ovular halves of young fruits of Mangifera indica L. totapari red small, a dwarfing rootstock, differentiated fasciated embryonal structures in presence of 6-benzylaminopurine [BAP(0.15 mg l(-1))], 6-(gamma-gamma-dimethylallylamino) purine [2iP(0.15 mg l(-1))] and indole-3-acetic acid [(IAA(0.5 mg l(-1))] incorporated in the semisolid medium during 50-60 days. Due to embryonal fasciation, hardly 2-3 well-formed embryos could be obtained per culture of proliferating embryos. Of the 3 ethylene inhibitors [L-alpha-(2-aminoethoxyvinyl)-glycine-HCl (AVG), AgNO3 and salicylic acid (SA)] used, embryonal fasciation and necrosis of intervening tissue was completely controlled by 3-4 subcultures of fasciated mass of embryos under the influence of AVG (0.05 mg l(-1)) in presence of adenine sulphate [AdS (50 mg l(-1))] incorporated in the same medium. Almost synchronized development of isolated embryos, measuring ca 2 cm in length, was observed in a different medium used in liquid stationary state and supplemented, particularly with stress-producing substances [abscisic acid (ABA, 0.01 mg l(-1)); and polyethylene glycol (PEG, 100 mg l(-1))] besides certain other modifications. About 34% convertibility of processed embryos was obtained during a period of 90 days. The plantlets had well-developed roots along with laterals which were longer than leafy shoots. In vitro raised plants survived ex vitro for about 2 months.